Sadarwa, Al'adu, Samfurin Ƙungiya da Salo: Nazarin Harka na Walmart

Gujewa:

Bayanan da aka tattara yayin hirarraki da bincike na tarihi sun nuna cewa a farkon rikicin Walmart-Associates game da haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan Walmart, shugabancin Walmart ya ɗauki dabarar gujewa. Jagoranci da gudanarwa na Walmart sun guji shiga tattaunawa kai tsaye kan batun haɗin kai tare da abokansa tare da yin watsi da buƙatu da manufofinsu. A cewar Steve Adubato (2016), "Shugaban Wal-Mart Lee Scott (wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in gudanarwa na Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., daga Janairu 2000 zuwa Janairu 2009) a fili yana jin cewa amsa sukar zai ba shi ƙarin inganci" (shafi na 3). Martanin jagorancin Walmart game da matakin farko na wannan rikici - dabarun gujewa - ya dogara da halin rashin sadaukarwa na ƙaryatãwa game da wanzuwar rikici. "Ta hanyar yin riya cewa rikici ba ya wanzu, jam'iyyar mai girma ta sami 'yanci daga yin hulɗa da jam'iyyar masu karamin karfi" (Hocker da Wilmot, 2014, shafi na 151). Wannan ya bayyana a cikin zargin "ƙi don magance matsalolin Walmart abokan" ta matakai daban-daban na Walmart's rerarchy, wanda ya fara daga shugaban hukumar gudanarwa na Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Rob Walton, babban ɗan Sam da Helen Walton, ga membobin kwamitin gudanarwa, sa'an nan kuma ga membobin gudanarwar Walmart, ga Unitedungiyar Walmart. sun yi ta kaiwa ga ɗaiɗaiku da kuma gabaɗaya don sauraron damuwarsu (Duba Yin Canji a Walmart, The Walmart 1 Percent: Tarihin isar da saƙo ta abokan Walmart da ƙawancen Walmart, an samo su daga http://walmart1percent.org/). Daya daga cikin tambayoyin da wannan bincike ya nemi a bincika ita ce: shin rashin lahani na guje wa bayyana manufofin kawancen abokan huldar Walmart ya fi amfaninsa? Sakamakon wannan bincike ya bayyana wasu muhimman shawarwari guda biyu. Ɗayan shine guje wa damuwar abokan hulɗa ya saba wa al'adun ƙungiyar Walmart. Sauran shi ne cewa ta hanyar guje wa bukatunsu, sha'awa da burinsu, Walmart abokan hulɗa suna jin jagoranci da gudanarwa ba su damu da jin dadin su ba, kuma ba sa daraja gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ga kungiyar, wanda hakan ya sanya "matakin fashewar fashewa ko baya" (Hocker da Wilmot, 2014, shafi na 152) wanda ya haifar da rikici a cikin gudanarwa - dangantakar abokantaka.

Mamaye / Gasa ko Sarrafa:

Wani salon da ya fito daga bincike kan rikicin Walmart-Associates shine dabarar mamaya, gasa da sarrafawa. Tun da nisantar damuwar abokan hulɗa ba ta kowace hanya ya kawar da kasancewar abubuwan da ke haifar da rikice-rikice, an bayyana a cikin binciken cewa abokan tarayya da yawa sun yanke shawarar haduwa, sake tattarawa, kafa ƙungiyoyi a cikin kantin sayar da kayayyaki, da samun goyon baya da karfi daga waje. Ƙungiyoyi / ƙungiyoyi masu sha'awar, yayin da suke yin amfani da manyan dokoki/manufofin da aka tsara don kare haƙƙin ma'aikata da kuma amfani da duk wata dama da hanyoyin tabbatar da iƙirarinsu da damuwa. Wannan yunƙurin gasa na abokan hulɗa na Walmart yana tabbatar da ainihin zato da ke ƙarƙashin manufar mamaye salon sadarwa. A cewar Hocker and Wilmot (2014): "Salon mamaye, gasa, ko 'ikon kan' yana da halin tashin hankali da rashin haɗin kai - bin abubuwan da ke damun ku a kashe wani. Mutanen da ke da salon mamaye suna ƙoƙari su sami iko ta hanyar adawa kai tsaye, ta ƙoƙarin 'nasara' muhawara ba tare da daidaitawa ga burin da sha'awar ɗayan ba. […] Ana kallon rikici a matsayin filin yaƙi, inda cin nasara shine manufa, kuma damuwa ga ɗayan ba shi da mahimmanci ko kadan” (shafi na 156).

Binciken da aka yi a hankali na laima na ƙungiyar Walmart associates, Organization United for Respect at Walmart (OUR Walmart), ya nuna cewa a cikin rikicinsu da Walmart, Walmart ɗinmu ya kayyade sosai, kuma yana mai da hankali kan bukatunsa yayin ƙoƙarin cin nasara a yaƙin. ta hanyar dabaru da dabaru daban-daban na gasa. Waɗannan dabarun sun haɗa da amma ba'a iyakance ga: " shigar da ƙararraki masu banƙyama, buga binciken da ba a sani ba, ba da wasiƙun buƙatu ga ma'aikata, gudanar da zanga-zangar hargitsi da tashe-tashen hankula a cikin shaguna da kan titi, kai hari ga membobin hukumar da shuwagabannin zartarwa da ƙaddamar da zarge-zarge a cikin kafofin watsa labarai" ( Duba Kallon Cibiyar Ma'aikata, Dabarun Walmart ɗinmu, An dawo dasu daga http://workercenterwatch.com). An yi imanin cewa waɗannan salon sadarwa sun kasance wani ɓangare na dabarun yaƙin neman zaɓe na duniya wanda ya haɗa da amfani da rashin biyayya (Eidelson, 2013; Carpenter, 2013), shiryawa da ci gaba da yajin aiki (Carpenter, 2013; Resnikoff 2014; Jaffe 2015; Bode) 2014), kafofin watsa labarun, keɓaɓɓun gidan yanar gizo, da sauran dandamali na kan layi, waɗanda aka ƙera don lallashin jama'a ko tilasta Walmart don biyan bukatun abokansa.

Bayanan binciken sun nuna cewa maimakon yin biyayya ga bukatun Walmart namu da kuma tsoratar da kamfen ɗinsa na jama'a da sauran dabarunsa, Walmart ya yi amfani da salo daban-daban don sadarwa, lallashi, da kuma tilasta wa abokansa kada su haɗa kai. Tashin hankali don 'yancin haɗin gwiwa ko haɗin kai da shiga cikin yajin aikin Walmart ɗinmu ana yawan fuskantar hukunci daga gudanarwar Walmart ta hanyar barazanar, ko na gaske, rufe kantin, kora, rage lokutan aiki ko asarar fa'idodi. Alal misali, "lokacin da sashen nama na wani kantin Walmart a Texas ya zama aikin dillali kawai a Amurka don haɗa kai, a cikin 2000, Walmart ya sanar da shirin makonni biyu bayan haka don amfani da naman da aka riga aka shirya da kuma kawar da mahauta a wannan kantin da wasu 179" (Greenhouse, 2015, sakin layi na 1). Hakazalika, an yi imanin cewa rufe kantin sayar da Walmart a Jonquiere, Quebec a cikin 2004 ba da daɗewa ba bayan da abokan cinikin suka haɗu, da kuma yunkurin da aka yi a watan Afrilu 2015 don rufe wani kantin sayar da a Pico Rivera, California, tare da wasu shaguna hudu, wani bangare ne. na babban dabarar yaƙi don yaƙi da tsarin ƙungiyar Walmart abokan tarayya (Greenhouse, 2015; Masunaga, 2015).

Har ila yau, korafin hukuma na Hukumar Hulda da Ma’aikata ta Kasa, Ofishin Babban Lauyan, game da Walmart a ranar 15 ga Janairu, 2014, ya tabbatar da tsarin mamaye da sarrafa rikici da Walmart ke amfani da shi don hana abokan tarayya kafa ko shiga kungiya. "A yayin watsa labarai guda biyu na gidan talabijin na kasa da kuma a cikin sanarwa ga ma'aikata a shagunan Walmart a California da Texas, Walmart ba bisa ka'ida ba ya yi wa ma'aikata barazana da ramuwar gayya idan suka shiga yajin aiki da zanga-zanga. A shaguna a California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas da Washington, Walmart ta yi barazanar ba bisa ka'ida ba, horo, da/ko dakatar da ma'aikata saboda shiga yajin aiki da zanga-zangar da aka kare ta doka. . A shaguna a California, Florida, da Texas, Walmart ya yi barazanar ba bisa ka'ida ba, sa ido, horo, da / ko dakatar da ma'aikata a cikin jira ko a mayar da martani ga sauran ayyukan haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata masu kariya" (NLRB, Ofishin Harkokin Jama'a, 2015).

Baya ga matsananciyar matakin da ta dauka kan duk wani yunƙuri na haɗaka abokan aikinta, Walmart ya umarci Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Ƙarfafa "Akwatin Kayan Aikin Manaja Don Ci Gaban Ƙungiya Kyauta," kayan horon da ke adawa da kuma yin Allah wadai da haɗin gwiwar abokan hulɗa tare da bayar da gamsassun hujjoji da dalilai. me yasa manajoji zasu ce a'a ga Walmart ɗinmu kuma su ƙarfafa sauran abokan hulɗa don ƙin ra'ayin haɗin kai. Ana buƙatar duk manajoji don karɓar wannan horon wanda ke ba su ikon zama "layin farko na kariya daga haɗin kai" na Walmart tare da ba su basira don zama "kullum a faɗakarwa don ƙoƙarin ƙungiyar don tsara abokan hulɗa" tare da kasancewa a faɗake akai-akai. ga kowane alamun abokan tarayya suna sha'awar ƙungiyar" (Walmart Labor Relations Team, 1997). Lokacin da akwai alamun ayyukan ƙungiyar da Walmart ɗinmu ko wata ƙungiya ta shirya, ana buƙatar manajoji da su ba da rahoton irin waɗannan alamu da ayyukan nan da nan zuwa Layin Labour Relations Hotline, wanda aka fi sani da Union Hotline (Walmart Labor Relations Team, 2014; Human Rights Watch). , 2007). Hakazalika, sabbin ma'aikata tun daga 2009 an ba su wata hanya ta koyar da su cikin al'adun haɗin kai da akidar Walmart (Greenhouse, 2015), ta yadda za su hana su ci gaba da irin wannan burin da zai bar su da sakamako mai nadama. Don haka, sabbin abokan tarayya suna fara aikinsu da jin tsoron ramawa, idan sun danganta kansu da abubuwan haɗin kai.

Bayan tunani a kan mamaye salon Walmart da Organizationungiyar United for Respect a Walmart (OUR Walmart), tambaya ɗaya mai mahimmanci ta bayyana: menene fa'idodi da rashin amfanin waɗannan dabarun? Shin waɗannan dabarun sadarwa sun yi musu amfani da kyau? Binciken bincike kan wannan salon ya yi daidai da ra'ayin Hocker and Wilmot (2014) game da salon sadarwa mai mamaye wanda ya riki cewa "yana da amfani idan manufar waje ta fi dangantaka da wani mutum, kamar su. a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, dangantaka mara maimaitawa” (shafi na 157). Amma Walmart yana daure a cikin dogon lokaci tare da abokansa, don haka, "rikicin da aka gudanar da gasa zai iya ƙarfafa ɗayan ɗayan su shiga cikin ƙasa kuma suyi amfani da hanyar ɓoye don biyan ɗayan. Mulki yana ƙoƙarin rage duk rikice-rikice zuwa zaɓuɓɓuka biyu - 'ko dai kuna gaba da ni ko tare da ni,' wanda ke iyakance ayyukan mutum zuwa 'lasara' ko 'rasa'" (Hocker da Wilmot, 2014, shafi na 157). Abin baƙin ciki, wannan gaskiya ne game da alaƙar ƙiyayya ta yanzu tsakanin Walmart da membobin ƙungiyar United for Respect a Walmart (OUR Walmart).

Maɗaukaki ko Wajabta:

Wani muhimmin salon sadarwa da ake amfani da shi a cikin rikicin Walmart-Associates yana daidaitawa ko tilastawa. Don Katz et al. (2011), daidaitawa yana nufin "ba da ciki, gamsarwa, da guje wa rikici" (shafi na 83) ko dai don ci gaba da dangantaka ko saboda tsoron sakamakon ko tasirin da aka rasa a cikin rikici zai haifar da mai masauki. Binciken bayanan binciken mu ya nuna cewa yawancin abokan Walmart sun fi son yin biyayya ga ƙa'idodin Walmart na adawa da haɗin kai don shiga da shiga cikin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa na Walmart ɗinmu, ba saboda haɓaka dangantaka ba, amma saboda tsoron rasa ayyukansu, wanda, ba shakka, zai yi mummunar tasiri a kansu da iyalansu. Mutane da yawa sun zaɓi matsayi a cikin tarihi kamar yadda aka gani a tatsuniya na ƙaura inda wasu Isra'ilawa suka gwammace su bi ka'idodin Fir'auna kuma su koma Masar don guje wa yunwa da mutuwa a cikin hamada, kuma kamar yadda ya bayyana a lokacin bauta - wasu bayi sun so su zauna. karkashin karkiya na iyayengijinsu saboda tsoron da ba a sani ba -, ko kamar yadda amfani da mutane da yawa a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum dangantaka, musamman a cikin aure.

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wasu daga cikin abokan haɗin gwiwa da gaske da kuma a asirce suna biyan kuɗin da aka bayyana na Walmart ɗinmu - cewa Walmart ya kamata ya inganta jin daɗin rayuwa, da mutunta abokan tarayya - duk da haka, suna tsoron yin magana a fili. Kamar yadda Hocker da Wilmot (2014) suka tabbatar, “mutum na iya […] ba da kai ga wani […] cikin baƙin ciki da ɗaci, [kuma daga hangen nesa] fushi, yarda da ƙiyayya” (shafi na 163). An tabbatar da wannan ikirari a cikin wasu maganganun da abokan Walmart suka yi yayin hira. "Na zo nan saboda 'ya'yana, in ba haka ba, da na bar Walmart ko in shiga Walmart ɗinmu don yin gwagwarmayar kwato mana haƙƙinmu." “A matsayinka na abokin aiki na ɗan lokaci, idan ka koka ko bayyana ra’ayinka game da yadda ake yi da kai da kuma wulaƙanta ka, za a rage sa’o’inka, kuma za ka iya zama na gaba da za a kore ka. Don haka na fi son in yi shiru don in ci gaba da aikina.” Bayarwa ko yarda da ƙa'idodin hana haɗin kai na Walmart al'ada ce ta gama gari ga abokai da yawa. Barbara Gertz, wani darektan Walmart stocker a Denver, an ruwaito ta hanyar Greenhouse (2015) cewa: "Mutane suna tsoron kada kuri'a ga wata ƙungiya saboda suna tsoron a rufe kantin sayar da su" (Para. 2).

Don wannan salon sadarwa, yana da mahimmanci kuma a san yadda fa'idar ma'amala zai iya kasancewa ga rikicin Walmart-Associates. Binciken binciken ya nuna cewa an yi amfani da hanyar sadarwa mai dacewa ko tilastawa don "ƙananan asara" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 163). Ga abokan haɗin gwiwa, bada kai ba ƙaramin mugunta bane idan aka kwatanta da shiga Walmart ɗinmu wanda zai iya haifar da ƙarewar aiki. Ko da yake Walmart na iya gamsuwa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci lokacin da waɗannan abokan tarayya suke biyayya, a cikin dogon lokaci, za a iya samun wani nau'i na rashin jin daɗi da ƙananan sha'awar aikin su wanda zai iya yin tasiri mai mahimmanci ga aikin aikin su gaba ɗaya.

Rashin daidaituwa:

Har ila yau, bincikenmu ya nuna cewa baya ga kaucewa da mamaye hanyoyin sadarwa da rikice-rikice da Walmart ke amfani da shi, kungiyar ta yanke wasu shawarwarin da ba su dace ba da nufin kyautata jin dadin abokan huldar ta, da ceton fuska, da sake dawo da kwarin gwiwa da martaba a cikin jama'a. ido. Waɗannan matakan daidaitawa sun haɗa da:

• inganta tsarin tsara tsarin ta ta hanyar ba wa wasu ma'aikata ƙayyadaddun jadawali kowane mako-ma'aikata da yawa sun koka[ed] cewa jadawalin aikin su yana canza mako-mako-mako (Greenhouse, 2015);
• Yarjejeniyar ƙara yawan kuɗin da aka biya zuwa $ 9 a 2015 da $ 10 a 2016 - wani yunkuri wanda zai haifar da karuwar ma'aikata 500,000 (Greenhouse, 2015);
• inganta ta Bude Manufar Kofa ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa "... kowane abokin tarayya, a kowane lokaci, a kowane mataki, a kowane wuri, zai iya sadarwa ta baki ko a rubuce tare da kowane memba na gudanarwa har zuwa shugaban kasa, a cikin amincewa, ba tare da tsoron ramawa ba..." (Walmart Labor Relation Team , 1997, shafi na 5);
• ƙaddamar da tashar sadarwa mai haɗawa da amintacce don gudanarwa da abokan haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar sake fasalin intranet da ƙaddamar da walmartone.com a cikin Satumba 2012 (Kass, 2012);
• biyan miliyoyin diyya saboda zargin nuna wariya, dakatar da wasu membobin Walmart ta mu ba bisa ka'ida ba, da sauran abubuwan da suka shafi keta dokokin aiki kamar keta dokar albashi, rashin isassun kula da lafiya, cin gajiyar ma'aikata, da kuma matsayin dillali na adawa da kungiyar (Aikin Wuri Mai Kyau, 2016; Riper, 2005);
• ɗaukar matakai masu yawa don ƙara yawan ma'aikata a cikin kungiyar;
• kafa Ofishin Da'a na Duniya a Bentonville, Arkansas, wanda ke tsarawa da kuma ilmantar da duka gudanarwa da abokan tarayya game da ka'idar dabi'ar Walmart, da kuma samar da tsarin / tsari na sirri don abokan haɗin gwiwa don ba da rahoton abin da suke jin zai iya zama cin zarafi na ɗabi'a, siyasa ko doka" (Ofishin Da'a na Duniya, www.walmartethics.com.

Game da alamun sasantawa daga ɗayan gefen hanya, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa Walmart ɗinmu da abokin aikinsa, United Food and Commercial Workers, sun bar wasu daga cikin dabarun da suka yi muni da ɓarna, wani ɓangare a matsayin alamar kasuwanci. - kashe wani abu a madadin Walmart, kuma galibi don bin umarnin kotu (Duba ƙarin bayani don umarnin kotu). Mafi mahimmanci da mahimmancin sasantawa wanda ya cancanci nunawa a cikin wannan rahoton bincike na ƙarshe shine yanke shawarar ba zato ba tsammani da Our Walmart ya yanke daga yin shawarwari "kwangiloli a madadin ma'aikatan Walmart, amma don mayar da hankali a maimakon taimakawa" mambobi suna amfana daga dokokin aiki na tarayya da ke kare. ma'aikata daga ramuwar gayya don shiga tattaunawa tare da aiki" (Steven Greenhouse, 2011). Ƙaddamar da ba za ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙungiyar doka da ke wakiltar Walmart abokan tarayya yana nunawa a cikin ƙin yarda da doka da Walmart ɗinmu ya buga a kan shafin yanar gizonsa da shafukan sada zumunta: "UFCW da OUR Walmart suna da manufar taimaka wa ma'aikatan Walmart a matsayin mutane ko kungiyoyi a cikin mu'amala da su. Walmart akan haƙƙin ma'aikata da ƙa'idodi da ƙoƙarinsu na ganin Walmart ya jajirce a bainar jama'a don bin haƙƙoƙin aiki da ƙa'idodi. UFCW da OUR Walmart ba su da niyyar samun Walmart ya gane ko yin ciniki tare da UFCW ko Walmart namu a matsayin wakilin ma'aikatansa" ( Walmart namu, Laifin Shari'a: http://forrespect.org/). A matsayin cikakken saitin yanke shawara na kasuwanci, Walmart ɗin mu ya amince da daina ayyukan da ke biyowa:

• “Shigowa ko cikin keɓantacce na Walmart don shiga cikin ayyuka irin su zaɓe, sintiri, fareti, zanga-zanga, 'yan ta'adda,' lissafin hannu, neman roƙo, da rigima na manaja; ko
• shiga ciki ko cikin keɓantacce na Walmart ba tare da izini ko izini daga Walmart ba don kowace manufa banda siyayya da/ko siyan kayan Walmart” (Kallon Cibiyar Ma'aikata: Kafa, An dawo daga http://workercenterwatch.com; Kotun Benton County, Arkansas Civil Division, 2013).

Hanyoyi daban-daban na sasantawa da Walmart da Walmart ɗinmu suka yi tare da ƙawayenta suna da halayen daidaita salon sadarwa ko rikici. Ta hanyar yin sulhu da aka zayyana a sama, duka Walmart da Walmart ɗinmu "sun ɗauka cewa nasara / nasara mafita ba zai yiwu ba kuma ɗauki matakin tattaunawa wanda ya ƙunshi ɗan nasara kaɗan da kaɗan na rasawa dangane da burin da alaƙa. na bangarorin da abin ya shafa, tare da lallashi da magudin da ke mamaye salon” (Katz et al., 2011, shafi na 83). Bayan da aka yi la’akari da wannan salon rikici na sasantawa, yana da kyau a bincika ko wannan salon ya fi amfani ga manyan bangarorin biyu da ke cikin wannan rikici fiye da kowane salon rikici, misali, salon hadewa ko hada kai. Binciken binciken ya nuna cewa abubuwan da ke sama sun yi aiki ne kawai don 'ƙarfafa ma'auni na iko ... ana amfani da su don cimma matsuguni na wucin gadi ko dacewa a cikin yanayi masu matsananciyar lokaci" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, shafi 162) tun da sauran dabarun - gujewa, mamayewa, da masauki - ya kasa sanya dakatar da rikici.

Duk da haka, tun da ana iya ganin sulhu a matsayin alamar asara, kuma an ba da Walmart ɗinmu ba zai so ya daina abin da suke nufi da sauƙi ba. gwagwarmayar kare hakkin dan Adam, za a iya kwatanta rikici a yanzu da yadda sannu a hankali ke tafiya zuwa matsayi mafi girma a kan tsaninsa na tashin hankali. Bugu da ƙari, ya bayyana cewa ƙungiyoyin sun makale cikin waɗannan salon rikice-rikice ko kuma sun sami "daskararre a cikin salon rikici maimakon haɓaka salon sassauci" (Hocker da Wilmot, 2014, shafi 184-185). Wata tambayar da ta fito daga cikin hirarraki da binciken da aka yi a taskance bayanai ita ce: me ya sa bangarorin ke yin abu iri daya tun bayan bayyanar wannan rikici? Me yasa aka daskare su don rike mukamansu ba tare da wata alamar sassauci ba? Me yasa Walmart baya shirye ya daina yaƙar ƙungiyar tarayya? Kuma me ya sa Walmart ɗinmu ba ta son daina yaƙin neman zaɓe da yaƙi da Walmart? Sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa mafi kyawun amsa ga waɗannan tambayoyin yana cikin bambance-bambance tsakanin ra'ayoyin iko, hakkoki da bukatun (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 108 - shafi na 110). An gano cewa mayar da hankali ga wannan rikici ya rikide daga maslaha zuwa hakki sannan ya koma mulki; da kuma yanayin haɓakar rikice-rikice na Walmart-Our Walmart ya tabbatar da cewa "mafi girman girman iko shine alamar tsarin damuwa" (Hocker da Wilmot, 2014, shafi na 110).

Haɗin kai ko Haɗin kai:

Me ya kamata a yi don juyawa dabaran na wannan rikici? Mutane da yawa za su yi gaggawar yin gardama cewa maido da haƙƙin ƙwadago na abokan hulɗa na Walmart ta hanyar tsarin shari'a na yau da kullun ya zama dole don warware takaddama. Dangane da binciken wannan bincike, na yi imanin cewa hanyoyin da suka danganci haƙƙin warware takaddama sun zama dole tunda rikici ya haɗa da batutuwan da suka danganci haƙƙoƙin kamar nuna bambanci tsakanin jima'i, keta dokokin aiki, da sauran batutuwan shari'a masu alaƙa. Koyaya, saboda doguwar dangantakar dake tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikatansu, matakan tushen haƙƙin basu isa ba don warware matsalolin da ke cikin rikicin Walmart-Associates. Don haka, an ba da shawarar a cikin wannan bincike don matsawa fifiko daga hanyoyin tushen iko da haƙƙoƙi zuwa hanyoyin tushen bukatu na warware rikici. Kamar yadda Hocker da Wilmot (2014) suka ce, "Lokacin da muka warware takaddama bisa ga bukatu, manufofi da sha'awar jam'iyyun sune mahimman abubuwa ... tare da hakkoki da iko suna wasa karami amma har yanzu muhimmiyar rawa" (shafi na 109).

Amma, shin ko akwai wani bangare da ke cikin wannan rikici ya yi amfani da salon sadarwa na tushen muradu? Bayanan da aka tattara ta hanyar tambayoyi, nazarin adana kayan tarihi da sauran hanyoyin bincike da suka zama tushen da wannan rahoto na ƙarshe ya dogara da shi sun nuna cewa Walmart da Walmart ɗinmu ba su riga sun rikiɗe zuwa salon haɗin kai ko haɗin kai ba. Walmart da Walmart ɗin mu tare da abokan aikinsa ba su riga sun ɗauki matsayin "nasara / nasara" wanda ke tabbatar da cewa "ɓangarorin biyu na rikici sun cimma burinsu na sirri [kuma suna aiki] ba kawai a madadin m son kai amma kuma a madadin muradun jam’iyya mai hamayya kuma” (Katz et al., 2011, shafi 83). Ko da yake wannan binciken ya amince da ƙoƙarin da Walmart ya yi ta hanyar ƙirƙirar ofishin da'a na Duniya, tsarin da ke da nufin samar da tsarin bayar da rahoto na sirri da wanda ba a san shi ba da kuma taimakawa abokan hulɗa don tayar da damuwa da kuma magana game da tsinkaya ko ainihin cin zarafi na ɗabi'a da manufofin (Ofishin Da'a na Duniya, www.walmartethics.com); kuma ko da yake binciken binciken yana tunawa da ra'ayin Walmart na sasantawa akan ƙarfafa ta Bude kofa manufofi, tsari da tsari wanda ke inganta yanayin aiki wanda ke ƙarfafa kowane abokin tarayya don bayyana tunaninsu da jin dadin su ga gudanarwa ba tare da tsoron ramawa ba (Walmart Labor Relations Team, 1997). Batun wannan binciken ne duka ka'idojin da'a na duniya da manufofin bude kofa ba su nuna alamar haɗin gwiwa na mafita wanda ke magance matsalolin da ke cikin tushe da damuwa a cikin rikicin Walmart-Associates.

A cikin wannan binciken, babu wani bayani da aka samu game da lokacin da Walmart da Walmart ɗinmu suka rubuta wani bayani ta hanyar "warware matsalar juna" (Hocker da Wilmot, 2014, shafi na 165). Don haka, tsari ko tsarin ta hanyar da Walmart da Walmart ɗinmu tare da abokan haɗin gwiwa za su iya haɗin gwiwa tare da rubuta hanyoyin magance rikice-rikicen su - hanyar haɗin gwiwa wanda zai dace da ainihin bukatu da bukatun bangarorin biyu - ya kamata ya zama babban damuwa na kowane zaman lafiya / shiga tsakani na rikice-rikice a cikin wannan ƙungiya, kuma yakamata a sami gata da maraba daga jagoranci da gudanarwa na Walmart.