Binciken Dangantaka Tsakanin Babban Hajar Cikin Gida (GDP) da Yawan Mutuwar Rikicin Kabilanci da Addini a Najeriya
Abstract:
Wannan takarda ta yi nazari ne kan alakar da ke tsakanin Babban Samar da Kayan Cikin Gida (GDP) da kuma yawan mace-macen da ake samu sakamakon rikicin kabilanci da na addini a Najeriya. Yana nazari yadda karuwar tattalin arzikin ke kara tsananta rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini, yayin da raguwar ci gaban tattalin arzikin ke da nasaba da raguwar rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini. Domin nemo muhimmiyar alakar dake tsakanin rigingimun kabilanci da addini da habakar tattalin arzikin Najeriya, wannan takarda ta dauki tsarin bincike na kididdigar ta hanyar amfani da Daidaita tsakanin GDP da adadin wadanda suka mutu. An samu bayanai kan adadin wadanda suka mutu daga ma’aikatar tsaron Najeriya ta hannun hukumar kula da harkokin kasashen waje; An tattara bayanan GDP ta hanyar Bankin Duniya da Tattalin Arziki. An tattara wadannan bayanai na shekarun 2011 zuwa 2019. Sakamakon da aka samu ya nuna cewa rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini a Najeriya na da kyakkyawar alaka da bunkasar tattalin arziki; don haka yankunan da ke fama da matsanancin talauci sun fi fuskantar rikicin kabilanci da na addini. Shaidar kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin GDP da adadin waɗanda suka mutu a cikin wannan bincike na nuna cewa za a iya yin ƙarin bincike don nemo mafita ga waɗannan abubuwan.
Zazzage Wannan Labari
Shawarwarin Kira:
Marafa, YA (2022). Yin nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin babban arzikin cikin gida (GDP) da yawan mace-macen da ake samu a rikicin kabilanci da na addini a Najeriya. Jaridar Rayuwa Tare, 7(1), 58-69.
Bayanin Labari:
@Labarai{Marafa2022}
Title = {Nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin Babban Kayayyakin Cikin Gida (GDP) da Mutuwar Rikicin Kabilanci da Addini a Najeriya}
Author = {Yusuf Adam Marafa}
Url = {https://icermediation.org/examining-the-relationship-between-gross-domestic-product-gdp-and-the-death-toll-sakamakon-kabilanci-religious-conflicts-a-najeriya/}
ISSN = {2373-6615 (Bugu); 2373-6631 (Kan layi)}
Shekara = {2022}
Kwanan wata = {2022-12-18}
Jarida = {Jarida ta Rayuwa Tare}
girma = {7}
Lamba = {1}
Shafuka = {58-69}
Mawallafi = {Cibiyar Duniya don Sasancin Kabilanci-addini}
Adireshi = {White Plains, New York}
Bugu = {2022}.
Gabatarwa
Kasashe da dama na fama da tashe-tashen hankula daban-daban, kuma a Najeriya, rikicin kabilanci da addini ya taimaka wajen ruguza tsarin tattalin arzikin kasar. Rikicin kabilanci da addini ya shafi ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin al'ummar Najeriya sosai. Asarar rayukan da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba na taimaka wa kasar nan wajen tabarbarewar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki ta hanyar karancin jarin kasashen waje da za su kara habaka tattalin arziki (Genyi, 2017). Hakazalika, wasu sassan Najeriya sun sha fama da tashe-tashen hankula saboda talauci; don haka tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ke haifar da tashin hankali a kasar. Kasar ta fuskanci yanayi mai ban mamaki saboda wadannan rikice-rikice na addini, wadanda ke shafar zaman lafiya, kwanciyar hankali, da tsaro.
Rikicin kabilanci da addini a kasashe daban-daban, kamar Ghana, Nijar, Djibouti, da Cote d'Ivoire, ya shafi tsarin zamantakewa da tattalin arzikinsu. Bincike na zahiri ya nuna cewa rikici shine babban dalilin rashin ci gaba a kasashe masu tasowa (Iyoboyi, 2014). Don haka, Nijeriya na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen da ke fuskantar matsalolin siyasa masu ƙarfi tare da rarrabuwar kabilanci, addini, da yanki. Najeriya dai na daya daga cikin kasashen duniya da aka fi raba kan kabilanci da addini, kuma tana da tarihin rashin zaman lafiya da rikice-rikicen addini. Najeriya ta kasance mahaifar kabilu daban-daban tun daga lokacin da ta samu ‘yancin kai a shekarar 1960; kusan kabilu 400 ne ke zaune a wurin tare da kungiyoyin addinai da dama (Gamba, 2019). Jama’a da dama sun ce yayin da rikicin kabilanci da addini ke raguwa a Najeriya, tattalin arzikin kasar zai karu. Duk da haka, bincike na kusa ya nuna cewa duka masu canji suna daidai da juna kai tsaye. Wannan takarda ta yi bincike kan alakar zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin Najeriya da kuma rikice-rikicen kabilanci da ke haddasa mutuwar ‘yan kasa da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba.
Bambance-bambancen guda biyu da aka yi nazari a cikin wannan takarda sune Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da Adadin Mutuwa. Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida shine jimillar kuɗi ko ƙimar kasuwan kayayyaki da aiyukan da tattalin arzikin ƙasa ke samarwa na shekara guda. Ana amfani da shi a duk faɗin duniya don nuna lafiyar tattalin arzikin ƙasa (Bondarenko, 2017). A daya bangaren, adadin wadanda suka mutu yana nufin “yawan mutanen da suka mutu saboda wani lamari kamar yaki ko hadari” (Kamus na Cambridge, 2020). Don haka, wannan takarda ta yi tsokaci kan yawan mace-macen da ake samu a rikicin kabilanci da na addini a Najeriya, tare da nazarin alakar ta da ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arzikin kasar.
Wallafe-wallafe
Rikicin kabilanci da kabilanci da addini a Najeriya
Rikicin addini da Najeriya ke fama da shi tun 1960 har yanzu ba a iya shawo kanta ba yayin da adadin wadanda ba su ji ba ba su gani ba ke karuwa. Kasar na da karuwar rashin tsaro, matsanancin talauci, da yawan rashin aikin yi; don haka kasar ta yi nisa da samun ci gaban tattalin arziki (Gamba, 2019). Rikicin kabilanci da addini na da matukar tsada ga tattalin arzikin Najeriya domin yana taimakawa wajen tabarbarewar tattalin arziki, da wargajewa, da wargaza tattalin arzikin kasar (Çancı & Odukoya, 2016).
Kabilanci shine tushen tushen asali mafi tasiri a Najeriya, kuma manyan kabilun sune Igbo mazauna yankin kudu maso gabas, Yarbawa a kudu maso yamma, da Hausa-Fulani a arewa. Rarraba kabilu da dama na da tasiri wajen yanke shawarar gwamnati domin siyasar kabilanci tana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin kasar (Gamba, 2019). Duk da haka, ƙungiyoyin addini suna haifar da matsala fiye da kabilanci. Manyan addinai guda biyu su ne Musulunci a arewa da Kiristanci a kudu. Genyi (2017) ya yi nuni da cewa “tsakanin kabilanci da addini a siyasance da maganganun kasa a Najeriya ya kasance a bayyane a kowane mataki na tarihin kasar” (shafi na 137). Misali, masu fafutuka a arewa suna son aiwatar da tsarin mulkin Musulunci wanda ke aiwatar da fassarar Musulunci mai tsattsauran ra'ayi. Don haka, sauye-sauyen aikin gona da sake fasalin tsarin mulki na iya rungumar alkawarin ciyar da dangantakar kabilu da addinai gaba (Genyi, 2017).
Dangantaka Tsakanin Rikicin Kabilanci Da Addini Da Ci gaban Tattalin Arziki a Najeriya
John Smith zai gabatar da manufar "jam'i centric" don fahimtar rikicin kabilanci-addini (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). An karɓi wannan ra'ayi a cikin karni na 17, kuma JS Furnivall, masanin tattalin arziki na Biritaniya, ya haɓaka ta (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). A yau, wannan hanya ta bayyana cewa al'ummar da ta rabu kan kusanci tana da alaƙa da gasar tattalin arziki kyauta kuma tana nuna rashin dangantaka tsakanin juna. A wannan yanayin, ko da yaushe wani addini ko kabila yana yada tsoron mallake. Akwai ra'ayoyi mabambanta dangane da alakar da ke tsakanin ci gaban tattalin arziki da rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini. A Najeriya, yana da wahala wajen gano duk wani rikicin kabilanci da bai kare a rikicin addini ba. Ƙimar kabilanci da addini na haifar da kishin ƙasa, inda membobin kowace ƙungiyar addini ke son iko a kan siyasar jiki (Genyi, 2017). Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da rikice-rikicen addini a Najeriya shine rashin haƙuri na addini (Ugorji, 2017). Wasu Musulmi ba su yarda da halaccin addinin Kiristanci ba, wasu kuma Kiristocin ba su amince da Musulunci a matsayin halalcin addini ba, wanda hakan ya sa ake ci gaba da yin kaurin suna ga kowace kungiya (Salawu, 2010).
Rashin aikin yi, tashin hankali, da rashin adalci sun kunno kai saboda karuwar rashin tsaro a sakamakon rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini (Alegbeleye, 2014). Misali, yayin da arzikin duniya ke karuwa, yawan rikice-rikice a cikin al'ummomi kuma yana karuwa. Kusan mutane miliyan 18.5 ne suka mutu tsakanin 1960 zuwa 1995 sakamakon rikicin kabilanci da addini a kasashe masu tasowa na Afirka da Asiya (Iyoboyi, 2014). Ta fuskar Najeriya, wadannan rikice-rikice na addini suna cutar da ci gaban tattalin arziki da zamantakewar al'umma. Ci gaba da gaba tsakanin Musulmai da Kirista ya rage yawan amfanin al'umma kuma ya kawo cikas ga hadewar kasa (Nwaomah, 2011). Abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a kasar sun haifar da rikici mai tsanani tsakanin Musulmi da Kirista, wanda ya haifar da kowane bangare na tattalin arziki; wannan yana nufin cewa matsalolin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki sune tushen rikice-rikicen addini (Nwaomah, 2011).
Rikicin kabilanci da addini a Najeriya ya toshe hannun jarin tattalin arziki a kasar kuma yana daya daga cikin dalilan da suka haddasa tabarbarewar tattalin arziki (Nwaomah, 2011). Wadannan rikice-rikice suna shafar tattalin arzikin Najeriya ta hanyar haifar da rashin tsaro, rashin yarda da juna, da nuna wariya. Rikicin addini yana rage damar saka hannun jari na ciki da na waje (Lenshie, 2020). Rashin tsaro yana ƙaruwa da rashin tabbas na siyasa da rashin tabbas wanda ke hana saka hannun jari na waje; don haka al'umma ta rasa ci gaban tattalin arziki. Tasirin rikice-rikicen addini ya bazu ko'ina cikin kasar kuma yana kawo cikas ga zaman lafiya (Ugorji, 2017).
Rigingimun Kabilanci da Addini, Talauci, da Ci gaban Al'umma da Tattalin Arziki
Tattalin arzikin Najeriya ya dogara ne akan samar da mai da iskar gas. Kashi 2020 cikin 2019 na kudaden da Najeriya ke samu a kasashen ketare na daga cinikin danyen mai. Najeriya ta samu habakar tattalin arziki bayan yakin basasa, wanda ya warware rikicin kabilanci da addini ta hanyar rage talauci a kasar (Lenshie, 2014). Talauci yana da yawa a Najeriya yayin da mutane suka shiga cikin rikicin kabilanci da addini domin samun abin rayuwa (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2006). Rashin aikin yi yana karuwa a cikin al'umma, kuma karuwar ci gaban tattalin arziki zai iya taimakawa wajen rage talauci. Yawan kwararar kudade zai iya baiwa ’yan kasa damar rayuwa cikin lumana a cikin al’ummarsu (Iyoboyi, XNUMX). Wannan kuma zai taimaka wajen gina makarantu da asibitocin da za su iya karkatar da matasa masu fafutuka zuwa ga ci gaban zamantakewa (Olusakin, XNUMX).
Akwai rigingimu daban-daban a kowane yanki na Najeriya. Yankin Delta na fuskantar rikice-rikice a tsakanin kabilunsa kan yadda ake sarrafa albarkatu (Amiara et al., 2020). Wadannan tashe-tashen hankula sun yi barazana ga zaman lafiyar yankin kuma suna yin mummunar illa ga matasan da ke zaune a yankin. A yankin arewa, ana fama da rikice-rikice na kabilanci da addini da kuma rigingimu daban-daban a kan hakkin dan adam (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). A yankin kudancin yankin, mutane na fuskantar wariya da yawa sakamakon rinjayen siyasa na wasu kungiyoyi (Amiara et al., 2020). Don haka talauci da mulki na taimakawa wajen tashe-tashen hankula a wadannan yankuna, kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki zai iya rage wadannan rikice-rikice.
Rikicin zamantakewa da addini a Najeriya ma ya samo asali ne sakamakon rashin aikin yi da talauci, wadanda ke da alaka mai karfi da kuma haifar da rikicin kabilanci da addini (Salawu, 2010). Talauci ya yi yawa a arewa saboda rikice-rikicen addini da zamantakewa (Ugorji, 2017; Genyi, 2017). Bugu da ƙari, yankunan karkara suna da ƙarin tashe-tashen hankula na ƙabilanci-addini da talauci, wanda ke haifar da kasuwancin ƙaura zuwa wasu ƙasashen Afirka (Etim et al., 2020). Hakan dai na yin illa ga samar da ayyukan yi a kasar.
Rikicin kabilanci da addini yana haifar da mummunan sakamako ga ci gaban tattalin arzikin Najeriya, wanda ke sa kasar ta gaza wajen zuba jari. Duk da cewa kasar na da dumbin tafki na albarkatun kasa, kasar na fuskantar koma baya a fannin tattalin arziki saboda tabarbarewar cikin gida (Abdulkadir, 2011). Rigingimun da ake fama da su a Najeriya na da matukar yawa sakamakon rikicin kabilanci da na addini. An sami raguwar yanayin cinikayya tsakanin kabilu tsakanin manyan kabilu, kuma wannan ciniki shine tushen tushen rayuwa ga adadi mai yawa na mutane (Amiara et al., 2020). Arewacin Najeriya shi ne kan gaba wajen samar da tumaki da albasa da wake da tumatur zuwa yankin kudancin kasar. Sai dai saboda rikicin kabilanci da addini, jigilar wadannan kayayyaki ya ragu. Su ma manoman arewacin kasar na fuskantar rade-radin cewa sun samu gubar haja da ake sayar wa 'yan kudu. Duk waɗannan al'amuran suna dagula kasuwancin lumana tsakanin yankuna biyu (Odoh et al., 2014).
Akwai ‘yancin yin addini a Najeriya, wanda ke nufin babu wanda ya mamaye addini. Don haka samun Kiristanci ko daular Musulunci ba ’yancin addini ba ne domin ta dora wani addini na musamman. Rabuwar ƙasa da addini wajibi ne don rage rikice-rikicen addini na cikin gida (Odoh et al., 2014). Duk da haka, saboda yawan yawan musulmi da kiristoci a yankuna daban-daban na kasar, 'yancin addini bai isa ya tabbatar da zaman lafiya ba (Etim et al., 2020).
Najeriya na da dimbin albarkatun kasa da na dan Adam, kuma kasar tana da kabilu har 400 (Salawu, 2010). Duk da haka, kasar na fuskantar matsanancin talauci sakamakon rikice-rikicen kabilanci da na addini. Wadannan tashe-tashen hankula suna shafar rayuwar daidaikun mutane kuma suna raguwar tattalin arzikin Najeriya. Rikicin kabilanci da addini ya shafi kowane bangare na tattalin arziki, wanda hakan ya sa Najeriya ba za ta iya samun ci gaban tattalin arziki ba tare da shawo kan rikice-rikicen zamantakewa da na addini ba (Nwaomah, 2011). Misali, tashe-tashen hankula na zamantakewa da na addini su ma sun shafi yawon bude ido a kasar. A halin yanzu, yawan masu yawon bude ido da ke ziyartar Najeriya ya yi kadan idan aka kwatanta da sauran kasashen yankin (Achimugu et al., 2020). Wadannan rikice-rikice sun sanya matasa cikin takaici tare da sanya su cikin tashin hankali. Adadin rashin aikin yi na matasa yana karuwa tare da karuwar rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini a Najeriya (Odoh et al., 2014).
Masu bincike sun gano cewa saboda jarin dan Adam, wanda ya tsawaita yawan ci gaban, akwai raguwar damar da kasashe za su iya farfadowa daga durkushewar tattalin arziki cikin sauri (Audu et al., 2020). Duk da haka, haɓaka darajar kadarorin zai iya ba da gudummawa ba kawai ci gaban jama'a a Najeriya ba, har ma da rage rikice-rikicen juna. Yin sauye-sauye masu kyau ga ci gaban tattalin arziki na iya rage jayayyar kuɗi, filaye, da albarkatu sosai (Achimugu et al., 2020).
Hanyoyi
Tsari da Hanya/Ka'idar
Wannan binciken ya yi amfani da hanyar bincike mai ƙididdigewa, Bivariate Pearson Correlation. Musamman ma, an yi nazarin alakar da ke tsakanin Babban Samar da Cikin Gida (GDP) da adadin mace-macen da ya biyo bayan rikicin kabilanci da na addini a Najeriya. An tattara bayanan 2011 zuwa 2019 na Babban Kayayyakin Cikin Gida daga Trading Economics da Bankin Duniya, yayin da aka tattara bayanan adadin mace-macen Najeriya sakamakon rikicin kabilanci da addini daga Hukumar Kula da Tsaro ta Najeriya karkashin Majalisar Kula da Harkokin Waje. An tattara bayanan wannan binciken daga sahihan tushe na biyu waɗanda aka sani a duniya. Don nemo alakar da ke tsakanin masu canji biyu don wannan binciken, an yi amfani da kayan aikin bincike na SPSS.
Daidaitawar Bivariate Pearson yana samar da samfurin haɗin kai, r, wanda ke auna ƙarfi da jagorar alaƙar layi tsakanin nau'i-nau'i na masu canji masu ci gaba (Kent State, 2020). Wannan yana nufin cewa a cikin wannan takarda Bivariate Pearson Correlation ya taimaka wajen kimanta shaidar ƙididdiga don dangantaka ta layi tsakanin nau'i-nau'i iri ɗaya na masu canji a cikin yawan jama'a, wanda shine Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da Mutuwar Mutuwa. Don haka, don nemo gwajin mahimmancin wutsiya biyu, hasashe mara amfani (H0) da madadin hasashe (H1) na mahimmancin gwaji don Daidaitawa an bayyana su azaman zato masu zuwa, inda ρ shine ma'aunin daidaita yawan jama'a:
- H0: ρ= 0 yana nuna cewa haɗin haɗin gwiwa (Gross Domestic Product and Death Toll) shine 0; ma'ana babu kungiya.
- H1: ρ≠ 0 yana nuna cewa haɗin haɗin gwiwa (Gross Domestic Product and Mutuwa) ba 0 ba; ma'ana akwai tarayya.
data
Table 1: Bayanan bayanai daga Kasuwancin Tattalin Arziki/Bankin Duniya (Gross Domestic Product); Ma'aikaciyar Tsaro ta Najeriya a karkashin Majalisar Kula da Harkokin Waje (Mutuwa).
Hoto 1. Yawan Mutuwar Kabilanci Da Addini A Jihohin Najeriya Daga 2011 zuwa 2019
Hoto 2. Yawan Mutuwar Kabilanci-Addini A Yankunan Siyasa a Najeriya daga 2011 zuwa 2019
results
Sakamakon daidaitawa ya ba da shawarar kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da adadin wadanda suka mutu (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05). Wannan yana nufin cewa masu canji guda biyu suna daidai da juna kai tsaye; ko da yake, karuwar yawan jama'a na iya yin tasiri ta wata hanya ko wata. Don haka, yayin da GDP na Najeriya ya karu, yawan mace-mace sakamakon rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini kuma yana karuwa (Duba Table 3). An tattara bayanan masu canji na shekarun 2011 zuwa 2019.
Table 2: Wannan yana ba da cikakken taƙaitaccen bayanin, wanda ya haɗa da jimillar adadin kowane abu/masu sauye-sauye, da ma'ana da daidaitattun ɗimbin ɗimbin kayan cikin gida na Najeriya (GDP) da adadin waɗanda suka mutu na adadin shekarun da aka yi amfani da su a cikin binciken.
Tebur 3. Dangantaka ta ƙarshe tsakanin Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da Adadin Mutuwa (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05).
Wannan shine ainihin sakamakon daidaitawa. An kididdige da tantance bayanan kididdigar da aka samu ta hanyar amfani da manhajar kididdiga ta SPSS. Za a iya bayyana sakamakon kamar:
- Daidaita Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) tare da kanta (r=1), da adadin abubuwan da ba a rasa ba na GDP (n=9).
- Daidaiton GDP da Mutuwar Mutuwa (r=0.766), bisa n=9 lura tare da dabi'u marasa kuskure.
- Daidaiton Adadin Mutuwa tare da kanta (r=1), da adadin abubuwan da ba a rasa ba don nauyi (n=9).
Chart 1. Taswirar rarrabawa yana nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin masu canji guda biyu, Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da Mutuwar Mutuwa. Layukan da aka kirkira daga bayanan suna da gangara mai kyau. Don haka, akwai kyakkyawar alakar layi tsakanin GDP da Mutuwar Mutuwa.
tattaunawa
Bisa ga waɗannan sakamakon, ana iya ƙaddamar da cewa:
- Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da Adadin Mutuwa suna da mahimmin alaƙar mizani (ƙididdigar)p <.05).
- Jagoran dangantakar yana da kyau, wanda ke nufin cewa Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) da Mutuwar Mutuwa suna da alaƙa da inganci. A wannan yanayin, waɗannan sauye-sauyen suna haɓaka tare (watau babban GDP yana da alaƙa da adadin Mutuwa mai girma).
- Madaidaicin R na ƙungiyar kusan matsakaici ne (.3 < | r | <.5).
Wannan binciken ya binciki alakar da ke tsakanin ci gaban tattalin arziki kamar yadda GDP na cikin gida (GDP) ya nuna da kuma rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane marasa laifi. Adadin kudaden da aka samu na GDPn Najeriya daga shekarar 2011 zuwa 2019 ya kai dala miliyan 4,035,000,000,000, sannan adadin wadanda suka mutu daga jihohi 36 da birnin tarayya Abuja ya kai 63,771. Sabanin mahangar farko na mai binciken, wanda shine yayin da Babban Haɗin GDP (GDP) ke ƙaruwa za a rage adadin waɗanda suka mutu (madaidaicin daidaito), wannan binciken ya kwatanta cewa akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin al'amuran zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da adadin mace-mace. Wannan ya nuna cewa yayin da Babban Samfuran Cikin Gida (GDP) ke ƙaruwa, adadin waɗanda suka mutu kuma yana ƙaruwa (Chat 2).
Chart 2: Hoton hoto na daidaitattun alaƙa kai tsaye tsakanin Babban Haɓaka Kayan Cikin Gida (GDP) da adadin waɗanda suka mutu a Najeriya daga 2011 zuwa 2019. Layin shuɗi yana wakiltar Babban Haɗin Cikin Gida (GDP), layin orange yana wakiltar adadin waɗanda suka mutu. Daga jadawali, mai binciken zai iya ganin tasowa da faɗuwar ma'auni guda biyu yayin da suke tafiya lokaci guda a hanya ɗaya. Wannan yana nuna kyakkyawar alaƙa kamar yadda aka nuna a Tebu 3.
Frank Swiontek ne ya tsara taswirar.
Shawarwari, Ma'ana, Kammalawa
Wannan binciken ya nuna alakar da ke tsakanin rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini da kuma ci gaban tattalin arziki a Najeriya, kamar yadda adabi ke tallafawa. Idan kasar ta kara habaka tattalin arzikinta tare da daidaita kasafin kudin shekara da kuma albarkatun da ke tsakanin yankunan, yuwuwar rage rikicin kabilanci da addini na iya zama babba. Idan har gwamnati ta karfafa manufofinta da sarrafa kabilanci da addini, to za a iya shawo kan rikice-rikicen cikin gida. Ana buƙatar sake fasalin siyasa don daidaita al'amuran kabilanci da na addini, kuma ya kamata gwamnati a kowane mataki ta tabbatar da aiwatar da waɗannan gyare-gyare. Bai kamata a yi amfani da addini ba, kuma malaman addini su koya wa jama'a yarda da juna. Kada matasa su shiga tashe-tashen hankula da ke faruwa saboda rikicin kabilanci da na addini. Kamata ya yi kowa ya samu damar kasancewa cikin bangarorin siyasar kasar, kuma kada gwamnati ta ware kayan aiki bisa ga kabilanci da aka fi so. Yakamata kuma a canza tsarin karatun, sannan gwamnati ta hada da wani batu kan ayyukan al'umma. Ya kamata ɗalibai su san tashin hankali da tasirinsa ga ci gaban zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Kamata ya yi gwamnati ta samu damar jawo masu zuba jari a kasar nan ta yadda za ta shawo kan matsalar tattalin arzikin kasar.
Idan Najeriya ta rage matsalar tattalin arzikinta, za a samu karin damar rage rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini. Fahimtar sakamakon binciken da ke nuni da cewa akwai alaka tsakanin rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addini da ci gaban tattalin arziki, za a iya yin nazari a nan gaba don ba da shawarwari kan hanyoyin samun zaman lafiya da ci gaba mai dorewa a Najeriya.
Abubuwan da suka haifar da rikice-rikice sune kabilanci da addini, kuma rikice-rikicen addini masu yawa a Najeriya sun shafi zamantakewa, tattalin arziki da siyasa. Wadannan tashe-tashen hankula sun kawo cikas ga zamantakewar al’umma a Najeriya tare da sanya su tabarbarewar tattalin arziki. Tashe-tashen hankula sakamakon rikicin kabilanci da rikice-rikicen addini sun lalata zaman lafiya da ci gaban tattalin arziki a Najeriya.
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