No ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Ethno-Religious Peaceful Co-Existence ma Nigeria
Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo
ʻO nā haʻiʻōlelo politika a me ka media e hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻōlelo ʻino o ka hoʻomana fundamentalism ma waena o nā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻekolu ʻAberahama o Islam, Kalikiano a me ka Iuda. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia haʻiʻōlelo nui e ka manaʻo noʻonoʻo a me ka hakakā maoli o ka moʻomeheu civili i hāpai ʻia e Samuel Huntington i ka hopena o 1990s.
Hoʻohana ʻia kēia pepa i kahi ʻano hoʻohālikelike kumu i ka nānā ʻana i nā hakakā ethno-hoʻomana ma Nigeria a laila lawe i kahi alahele mai kēia kamaʻilio e kū nei e hana i kahi hihia no ka manaʻo pili pili e ʻike ai i ka hana pū ʻana o nā manaʻoʻiʻo Abrahamic ʻekolu i nā pōʻaiapili like ʻole e komo a hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā. nā pilikia pilikanaka, politika, hoʻokele waiwai a me ka moʻomeheu i loko o ka pōʻaiapili kūloko o nā ʻāina like ʻole. No laila, ma kahi o ka ʻōlelo antagonistic i piha i ka inaina o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a me ka noho aliʻi ʻana, ke kūʻē nei ka pepa i kahi ala e koi ai i nā palena o ka noho maluhia ʻana i kahi pae hou.
Introduction
I loko o nā makahiki a hiki i kēia lā, nui ka poʻe Mahometa a puni ka honua i ʻike me ka nostalgia i nā ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hou i ʻAmelika, ʻEulopa, ʻApelika, a me Nigeria e pili ana i ka Islam a me ka Muslim a me ke ʻano o kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa i alakaʻi mua ʻia ma o ka nūhou a me ka hoʻouka kaua. No laila, he mea haʻahaʻa loa ka ʻōlelo ʻana aia ʻo Islam ma mua o ka mea puhi ahi o nā kamaʻilio o kēia wā a ʻaʻole i hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ka poʻe he nui i ka honua i kūkulu ʻia (Watt, 2013).
He mea koʻikoʻi ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo Islam mai ka wā kahiko i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohanohano, mahalo a mālama i ke ola kanaka. Wahi a ka Qur'an 5:32, ʻōlelo ʻo Allah "… Ua kauoha mākou no nā mamo a ʻIseraʻela, ʻo ka mea pepehi i kahi ʻuhane ke ʻole (ma ka hoʻopaʻi) no ka pepehi kanaka a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka hana ʻino ma ka honua, e like ia me ka mea i pepehi i nā kānaka a pau; a ʻo ka mea nāna e mālama i ke ola, e like ia me ka mea nāna i hāʻawi i ke ola no nā kānaka a pau…” (Ali, 2012).
Hāʻawi ka ʻāpana mua o kēia pepa i kahi loiloi koʻikoʻi o nā hakakā ʻano hoʻomana like ʻole ma Nigeria. ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻelua o ka pepa e kūkākūkā ana i ka pilina ma waena o ka hoʻomana Karistiano a me ka Islam. Ke kūkākūkā pū ʻia nei kekahi o nā kumuhana koʻikoʻi a me nā hoʻonohonoho mōʻaukala e pili ana i ka poʻe Muslim a me ka poʻe ʻole. A ʻo ka pauku ʻekolu e hoʻopau i ke kūkākūkā me ka hōʻuluʻulu a me nā manaʻo.
Nā Kūʻē Ethno-Religious ma Nigeria
ʻO Nigeria kahi mokuʻāina lehulehu, multi-culture a multi-religious aupuni me ka ʻoi aku o ʻehā haneli mau lāhui kanaka e pili ana me nā hui haipule he nui (Aghemelo & Osumah, 2009). Mai ka 1920s, ua ʻike ʻo Nigeria i ka nui o nā hakakā ethno-religious ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau a me ke kūkulu hema e like me ke ala i kona kūʻokoʻa i hōʻike ʻia e nā paio me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kaua weliweli e like me nā pū, nā pua, nā kakaka a me nā pahi a me ka hopena. i ke kaua kīwila mai 1967 a i 1970 (Best & Kemedi, 2005). I ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻopilikia ʻia ʻo Nigeria (ka mokuʻāina ʻo Kano) e ka hakakā ʻo Maitatsine intra-Muslim i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e kahi kahuna pule Cameroonian nāna i pepehi, hōʻeha a luku i ka waiwai ma luna o nā miliona miliona.
ʻO ka poʻe Mahometa ka poʻe i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia i ka hoʻouka ʻana ʻoiai ua pili like kekahi helu o ka poʻe ʻaʻole Muslim (Tamuno, 1993). Ua hoʻonui ka hui ʻo Maitatsine i kāna pōʻino i nā mokuʻāina ʻē aʻe e like me Rigassa / Kaduna a me Maiduguri / Bulumkutu ma 1982, Jimeta / Yola a me Gombe i 1984, Zango Kataf crises ma Kaduna State ma 1992 a me Funtua ma 1993 (Best, 2001). ʻO ka hilinaʻi o ka manaʻo o ka hui ma waho o ke kahawai nui o nā aʻo Islam a ʻo ka mea kūʻē i ke aʻo ʻana o ka hui i lilo i mea hoʻouka a pepehi.
I ka makahiki 1987, ua puka mai ka hakakā ma waena o nā hoʻomana a me nā lāhui ma ka ʻākau e like me nā pilikia Kafanchan, Kaduna a me Zaria ma waena o nā Karistiano a me nā Muslim ma Kaduna (Kukah, 1993). Ua lilo kekahi o nā hale kiaʻi ʻelepani i hale keaka o ka hana ʻino mai 1988 a i 1994 ma waena o nā haumāna Muslim a me Kalikiano e like me Bayero University Kano (BUK), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria a me ke Kulanui o Sokoto (Kukah, 1993). ʻAʻole i emi iho nā paio ethno-religious akā ua hohonu i ka 1990s ma kahi o ke kāʻei waena e like me nā paio ma waena o Sayawa-Hausa a me Fulani ma Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area o Bauchi State; ka Tiv a me Jukun Communities ma Taraba State (Otite & Albert, 1999) a ma waena o Bassa a me Egbura ma Nasarawa State (Best, 2004).
ʻAʻole i hoʻokaʻawale loa ʻia ka ʻāina komohana hema mai nā hakakā. I ka makahiki 1993, ua hana ʻia ka haunaele ma muli o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ke koho balota ʻo Iune 12, 1993 i lanakila ai ʻo Moshood Abiola a ua ʻike kona mau hoahānau i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano he hemahema o ka hoʻopono a me ka hōʻole ʻana i ko lākou manawa e hoʻokele ai i ka ʻāina. Ua alakaʻi ʻia kēia i kahi hakakā ʻino ma waena o nā keʻena palekana o ke aupuni federal o Nigeria a me nā lālā o ka O'dua Peoples' Congress (OPC) e pani ana i nā hoahānau Yoruba (Best & Kemedi, 2005). Ua hoʻonui ʻia kahi hakakā like i ka Hema-hema a me Hema-hikina Nigeria. No ka laʻana, ua lilo ka Egbesu Boys (EB) ma South-hema Nigeria i ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he hui moʻomeheu Ijaw me ka hui hoʻomana akā ma hope ua lilo i pūʻulu militia i hoʻouka i nā hale aupuni. ʻO kā lākou hana, ua ʻōlelo lākou ua hoʻomaopopo ʻia e ka ʻimi ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai aila o kēlā ʻāina e ka mokuʻāina ʻo Nigerian a me kekahi mau hui multinational ma ke ʻano he hana hoʻopono ma ka Niger Delta me ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hapa nui o nā ʻōiwi. ʻO ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i hoʻāla ai i nā pūʻulu militia e like me Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) a me Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV) i waena o kekahi.
ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ke kūlana ma ka hikina hikina kahi i hana ai nā Bakassi Boys (BB). Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka BB ma ke ʻano he hui kiaʻi me ka manaʻo hoʻokahi o ka pale ʻana a me ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka palekana no ka poʻe ʻoihana Igbo a me kā lākou mea kūʻai aku e kūʻē i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana mai ka poʻe pōā kaua ma muli o ka hiki ʻole o nā mākaʻi Nigerian ke ola i kāna kuleana (HRW & CLEEN, 2002). :10). Mai ka makahiki 2001 a hiki i ka makahiki 2004 ma Plateau State, ua loaʻa i kahi mokuʻāina maluhia ka nui o nā paio lāhui ma waena o ka poʻe Fulani-Wase Muslim ka poʻe kahu bipi a me nā pūʻali koa Taroh-Gamai he poʻe Karistiano ka nui o nā hoʻomana kuʻuna ʻApelika. ʻO ka mea i hoʻomaka mua ʻia e like me ka hakakā ʻana o ka poʻe kamaʻāina ma hope mai i ka hakakā hoʻomana i ka wā i hoʻohana ai ka poʻe kālai'āina i ke kūlana e hoʻoholo ai i nā helu a loaʻa i nā lima kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē i kā lākou mau hoʻokūkū politika i manaʻo ʻia (Global IDP Project, 2004). ʻO ka ʻike pōkole i ka mōʻaukala o nā crises ethno-religious ma Nigeria he hōʻailona ia o ka pilikia ma Nigeria ua loaʻa nā ʻano hoʻomana a me ka lāhui e kūʻē i ka manaʻo monochrome i ʻike ʻia o ka nui hoʻomana.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ka Kristiano a me ka Islam
Kalikiano-Muslim: ʻO ka poʻe e pili ana i ka ʻAhahamic Creed of Monotheism (TAUHID)
ʻO ka hoʻomana Karistiano a me ka'Ilamana ke kumu o ko lākou mau aʻa i loko o ka ʻōlelo a pau o ka monotheism i haʻi ʻia e ke kāula ʻo Ibrahim (ʻAberahama) maluhia ma luna ona (pboh) i nā kānaka i kona wā. Ua kono ʻo ia i nā kānaka i ke Akua ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻokahi a e hoʻokuʻu i nā kānaka mai ka hoʻokauwā ʻana a ke kanaka i ke kanaka; i ka hookauwa a ke kanaka i ke Akua Mana Loa.
ʻO ke kāula i mahalo nui ʻia e ke Akua, ʻo Isa (Jesus Christ) (pboh) i hahai i ke ala like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka New International Version (NIV) o ka Baibala, Ioane 17:3 “Eia ke ola mau loa: i ʻike lākou iā ʻoe. ke Akua oiaio hookahi, a me Iesu Kristo, ka mea a oukou i hoouna mai ai. Ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka NIV o ka Baibala, ʻōlelo ʻo Mareko 12:32: "Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi, e ke kumu," i pane ai ke kanaka. "Ua pololei ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo ʻana ʻo ke Akua hoʻokahi a ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ʻo ia wale nō" (Bible Study Tools, 2014).
Ua hahai pū ʻo Kāula Muhammad (pboh) i ka ʻōlelo hoʻokahi o ke ao holoʻokoʻa me ka ikaika, kūpaʻa a me ke ʻano kūpono i hopu ʻia i loko o ka Glorious Qurʻan 112:1-4: “E ʻōlelo ʻoe: ʻo ia ʻo Allah ka Mea Hoʻokahi a Unique; ʻO Allah ka mea nele i kekahi a me ka nele i nā mea a pau; Aole ia i hanau, aole hoi i hanauia. A ʻaʻohe mea e like me ia” (Ali, 2012).
He ʻōlelo maʻamau ma waena o ka poʻe Mahometa a me nā Karistiano
ʻO ka Islam a i ʻole ka Karistiano, ʻo ka mea maʻamau i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua, ʻo ka poʻe pili o nā manaʻoʻiʻo ʻelua he mau kānaka a hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia lākou e like me Nigerians. Aloha ka poʻe hoʻomana ʻelua i ko lākou ʻāina a me ke Akua. Eia kekahi, he poʻe hoʻokipa a aloha nui nā Nigerians. Makemake lākou e noho maluhia me kekahi a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka honua. Ua ʻike ʻia i kēia mau manawa i hala aku nei, ʻo kekahi o nā mea hana ikaika i hoʻohana ʻia e ka poʻe hana kolohe e hoʻoulu ai i ka manaʻo ʻole, ka inaina, ka hui ʻole a me ke kaua ʻohana ʻo ia ka lāhui a me ka hoʻomana. Ma muli o ka ʻaoʻao hea o ka mahele, aia mau ka manaʻo o kekahi ʻaoʻao e loaʻa ka lima kiʻekiʻe e kūʻē i kekahi. Akā, ua aʻo aku ke Akua mana loa i nā mea a pau ma ka Qurʻan 3: 64 e "E ʻōlelo: E ka poʻe o ka Buke! E hui like me makou a me oukou: aole makou e hoomana aku i ke Akua wale no; i kūkulu ʻia, mai waena mai o mākou iho, nā haku a me nā kahu ʻē aʻe ma mua o ke Akua. Inā huli lākou i hope, ʻōlelo ʻoe: "E hōʻike ʻoe e kūlou ana mākou (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa) i ka makemake o ke Akua" e hiki ai i kahi ʻōlelo maʻamau i mea e neʻe ai ka honua i mua (Ali, 2012).
Ma ke ʻano he Muslim, ke kauoha aku nei mākou i ko mākou mau hoahānau Karistiano e ʻike maoli i ko mākou ʻokoʻa a mahalo iā lākou. ʻO ka mea nui, pono mākou e noʻonoʻo nui i nā wahi a mākou e ʻae ai. Pono mākou e hana pū i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ko mākou mau pilina maʻamau a hoʻolālā i kahi ʻano hana e hiki ai iā mākou ke mahalo like i kā mākou mau ʻāpana kūʻē me ka mahalo i kekahi i kekahi. Ma ke ʻano he Muslim, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou i nā Kaula a me nā ʻelele a ke Akua i hala me ka hoʻokae ʻole ma waena o lākou. A ma luna o kēia, kauoha ʻo Allah ma ka Qurʻan 2: 285: "E ʻōlelo ʻoe: 'Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou iā Allah a me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia iā mākou a me nā mea i hōʻike ʻia iā ʻAberahama a me ʻIsemaʻela a me ʻIsaʻaka a me Iakoba a me kāna poʻe mamo, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻo i hōʻike ʻia iā mākou. Na ke Akua i haawi mai ia Mose a me Iesu a me na kaula e ae. ʻAʻole mākou e hoʻokaʻawale i waena o lākou; a iā ia mākou e hāʻawi aku ai” (Ali, 2012).
Lokahi i loko o ka 'oko'a
ʻO nā kānaka a pau ka mea i hana ʻia e ke Akua Mana Loa mai ʻAdamu (Peace be on him) a hiki i kēia manawa a me nā hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā ʻokoʻa o kā mākou kala, nā wahi ʻāina, nā ʻōlelo, nā hoʻomana a me nā moʻomeheu i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia nā hōʻike o ka dynamics o ka lāhui kanaka e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka Qur'an 30:22 penei "... ʻO kāna mau hōʻailona ka hana ʻana i ka lani a me ka honua a ka ʻokoʻa o kou mau ʻōlelo a me nā kala. ʻOiaʻiʻo, aia nā hōʻailona ma kēia no ka poʻe naʻauao" (Ali, 2012). No ka laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻo Qur'an 33:59 he ʻāpana ia o kahi kuleana hoʻomana o nā wahine Muslim e ʻaʻahu i ka Hijab i ka lehulehu i hiki ai iā "… hiki ke ʻike ʻia a ʻaʻole hoʻomāinoino ʻia ..." (Ali, 2012). ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia nā kāne Muslim e mālama i kā lākou kāne kāne o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻumiʻumi a ʻokiʻoki i ko lākou ʻumiʻumi e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou mai ka poʻe ʻaʻole Muslim; hiki i nā poʻe hope ke hoʻohana i ko lākou ʻano ponoʻī o ka ʻaʻahu a me ka ʻike ʻole ʻana i ka pono o nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO kēia mau ʻokoʻa i manaʻo ʻia e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke ʻike kekahi i kekahi a ma luna o nā mea a pau, e ʻike i ke ʻano maoli o kā lākou hana ʻana.
Ua olelo mai ka Makaula Muhammad, (pboh): "O ka mea e hakaka malalo o ka hae no ke kokua ana i ka aoao aoao a i ole ma ka pane ana i ka leo o ka aoao aoao a i ole e kokua i ka aoao aoao a ua pepehiia oia, o kona make he make ia ma ke kumu. naaupo” (Robson, 1981). No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ka ʻōlelo i haʻi ʻia aʻe nei, he mea pono ke haʻi ʻia i kahi kikokikona o ka Qurʻan kahi i hoʻomanaʻo ai ke Akua i nā kānaka he poʻe mamo lākou a pau na ka makua kāne a me ka makuahine hoʻokahi. ʻO ke Akua, ka Mea Kiʻekiʻe loa, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i ka lokahi o nā kānaka ma ka Qurʻan 49:13 ma kēia hiʻohiʻona: "E nā kānaka! Ua hana mākou iā ʻoukou a pau mai ke kāne a me ka wahine, a ua hoʻolilo mākou iā ʻoukou i lāhui kanaka a me nā ʻohana, i ʻike ai ʻoukou kekahi i kekahi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka mea hanohano o ʻoukou i mua o ke Akua, ʻo ia ka mea makaʻu i ke Akua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻo Allah, ua ʻike i nā mea a pau" (Ali, 2012).
ʻAʻole ia he hewa loa ka haʻi ʻana ʻaʻole i loaʻa i ka poʻe Muslim ma ka hema o Nigeria ka mālama kūpono ʻana mai kā lākou mau hoa ʻoi aku ka poʻe i loko o nā aupuni a me nā ʻoihana pilikino. Ua nui nā hihia o ka hoʻomāinoino, ka hoʻomāinoino, ka hoʻonāukiuki a me ka hoʻomāinoino ʻana i nā Mahometa ma ka Hema. No ka laʻana, aia kekahi mau hihia i kapa ʻia ai ka nui o nā Muslim ma nā keʻena aupuni, nā kula, nā wahi kūʻai, ma nā alanui a me nā kaiāulu e like me "Ayatollah", "OIC", "Osama Bin Laden", "Maitatsine", "Sharia" a me i hala iho nei "Boko Haram." He mea nui e haʻi aku i ka elasticity o ka hoʻomanawanui, noho a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana o ka poʻe Muslim ma ka Hema Nigeria e hōʻike nei ʻoiai nā pilikia a lākou e hālāwai ai, he mea kōkua ia i ka noho maluhia ʻana o ka Hema Nigeria e hauʻoli nei.
Eia naʻe, na mākou ke kuleana e hana pū i ka pale a mālama i ko mākou ola. I ka hana ʻana pēlā, pono mākou e pale i ka extremism; e akahele ma ka hoomaopopo ana i ko kakou mau hoomana like ole; hōʻike kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaopopo a me ka mahalo i kekahi i kekahi e like me ka hāʻawi ʻia ʻana o nā mea āpau a me nā ʻano like ʻole i hiki i nā Nigerians ke noho maluhia me kekahi me ka nānā ʻole i ko lākou ʻohana a me ka hoʻomana.
Noho Maluhia
ʻAʻole hiki ke loaʻa ka hoʻomohala kūpono a me ka ulu ʻana i kekahi kaiāulu i hoʻopilikia ʻia. ʻO Nigeria ma ke ʻano he lāhui ke hele nei i kahi ʻike weliweli ma nā lima o nā lālā o ka hui Boko Haram. ʻO ka weliweli o kēia pūʻulu ua hana i nā pōʻino weliweli i ka psyche o Nigerians. ʻAʻole hiki ke helu ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole o nā hana pōʻino o ka hui i nā ʻāpana socio-political a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina ma ke ʻano o nā poho.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻāpono ʻia ka nui o nā ola hala ʻole a me nā waiwai i nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua (ʻo ia hoʻi nā Mahometa a me nā Kalikiano) ma muli o nā hana ʻino a me ke akua ʻole o kēia hui (Odere, 2014). ʻAʻole ia he sacrilegious wale nō akā ʻaʻohe kanaka ke ʻōlelo iki. ʻOiai mahalo ʻia nā hana nui a ke Aupuni Pekelala o Nigeria i kāna huakaʻi e ʻimi i kahi hopena mau loa i nā pilikia palekana o ka ʻāina, pono ia e hoʻonui hou i kāna hoʻoikaika ʻana a loaʻa iā ia iho i nā ʻano āpau e pili ana akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hui i ke kūkākūkā koʻikoʻi. e like me ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka Qur'an 8:61 "Inā makemake lākou i ka maluhia, e hoʻohuli iā ʻoe i laila, a hilinaʻi iā Allah. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia ka lohe, ʻike i nā mea a pau" i mea e ʻoki ai i ka ʻōpuʻu o ke kipi o kēia manawa (Ali, 2012).
manaʻo paipai
Palekana o ke Kuokoa Hoomana
Ke nānā nei kekahi i nā ʻōlelo kumukānāwai no ke kūʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomana, ka ʻōlelo hoʻomana a me nā kuleana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka pauku 38 (1) a me (2) o ke Kumukānāwai 1999 o ka Federal Republic of Nigeria. No laila, pono e hoʻoikaika i ka pono kanaka e pili ana i ka palekana o ke kūʻokoʻa hoʻomana ma Nigeria (US Department of States ' Report, 2014). ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻāʻī, nā hakakā a me nā hopena o ke ahi ma ke komohana hema, Hema-hema a me Hema-hikina ma waena o ka poʻe Kristiano a me nā Mahometa ma Nigeria ma muli o ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā kuleana pilikino a me nā hui o nā Mahometa ma kēlā ʻāpana o ka ʻāina. ʻO nā pilikia ma ke komohana ʻĀkau, Hikina ʻĀkau a me ʻĀkau-waena pū kekahi no ka hōʻino nui ʻana i nā pono o nā Karistiano ma ia ʻāpana o ka ʻāina.
Hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomana hoʻomana a me ka noho ʻana o nā manaʻo kū'ē
Ma Nigeria, ʻo ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole o nā manaʻo kūʻē e ka poʻe pili i nā hoʻomana nui o ka honua i hoʻomehana i ka polity a hoʻoulu i ka haunaele (Salawu, 2010). Pono nā alakaʻi hoʻomana a me nā kaiāulu e haʻi a hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomanawanui a me ka noho ʻana o nā manaʻo kūʻē ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka noho maluhia a me ka lokahi ma ka ʻāina.
Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kanaka ʻo Nigerians
ʻO ka naʻaupō kekahi kumu i hoʻoulu ai i ka ʻilihune ma waena o nā waiwai kūlohelohe. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka nele o nā ʻōpio, ke piʻi nei ke kiʻekiʻe o ka naʻaupō. Ma muli o ka pani mau ʻana o nā kula ma Nigeria, aia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻonaʻauao i kahi kūlana comatose; no laila e hōʻole ana i nā haumāna Nigerian ka manawa e loaʻa ai ka ʻike maikaʻi, ka hānau hou ʻana a me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana ma nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻoponopono maluhia ʻana i nā paio a i ʻole nā hakakā (Osaretin, 2013). No laila, aia ka pono o ke aupuni a me ka hui pilikino i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e hoʻokō kekahi i kekahi ma o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ke kālā kanaka o Nigerians ʻoi aku ka poʻe ʻōpio a me nā wahine. ʻo kēia a sine qua non no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāhui holomua, pono a maluhia.
Ka Hoolaha ana i ka Olelo Hoaloha oiaio a me ke aloha oiaio
ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana i ka inaina ma ka inoa o ka hana hoʻomana i nā hui hoʻomana he manaʻo maikaʻiʻole. ʻOiai heʻoiaʻiʻo ua ʻōlelo ʻo Kalikiano a me Islam i ka slogan "E aloha i kou hoalauna e like me ʻoe iho," akā naʻe, ʻike hou ʻia kēia i ka haki (Raji 2003; Bogoro, 2008). He makani ʻino kēia ʻaʻohe mea maikaʻi. ʻO ka manawa nui kēia e haʻi aku ai nā alakaʻi hoʻomana i ka ʻeuanelio maoli o ka pilina aloha a me ke aloha ʻoiaʻiʻo. ʻO kēia ke kaʻa e lawe ai i ke kanaka i kahi noho maluhia a palekana. Eia kekahi, pono e hana ke Aupuni Pekelala o Nigeria i kahi hana hou ma ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā kānāwai e hoʻopiʻi hewa i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka inaina e nā hui hoʻomana a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokahi ma ka ʻāina.
Hoʻolaha ʻia o ka ʻOihana Nupepa a me ka hōʻike kaulike
I loko o nā makahiki a hiki i kēia lā, ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou i ka hōʻike ʻana i nā paio (Ladan, 2012) a me ka stereotyping o kahi hoʻomana e kekahi ʻāpana o ka media ma Nigeria ma muli wale nō o ka hana hewa ʻana a i ʻole ka hana hewa ʻana o kekahi poʻe. ka pōʻino a me ka hoʻohaunaele o ka noho maluhia ʻana ma kahi ʻāina lehulehu a pluralistic e like me Nigeria. No laila, pono nā hui media e pili pono i nā loina o ka nūpepa ʻoihana. Pono e noiʻi maikaʻi ʻia nā hanana, hoʻopaʻa ʻia a kaulike i ka hōʻike ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia me ka ʻole o nā manaʻo pilikino a me ka manaʻo o ka mea hoʻolaha a i ʻole ka hui media. Ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia, ʻaʻohe ʻaoʻao o ka māhele e manaʻo ʻaʻole i mālama pono ʻia.
Ke kuleana o nā Hui Kuleana a me ka Manaʻoʻiʻo
Pono nā Secular Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) a me Faith-based Organizations (FBOs) e hoʻonui i kā lākou mau hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika i nā kūkākūkā a me nā mea uʻi o nā paio ma waena o nā ʻaoʻao hakakā. Eia kekahi, pono lākou e hoʻoikaika i kā lākou ʻōlelo aʻo ma o ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka poʻe e pili ana i kā lākou kuleana a me nā kuleana o nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka noho maluhia ʻana, nā kuleana civic a me nā kuleana hoʻomana i waena o kekahi (Enukora, 2005).
ʻO ke aupuni maikaʻi a me ka pili ʻole o nā aupuni ma nā pae āpau
ʻAʻole i kōkua ka hana a ke aupuni o ka hui i ke kūlana; akā, ua hoʻomāhuahua i nā hakakā ethno-religious ma waena o ka poʻe Nigerian. No ka laʻana, hōʻike ʻia kahi noiʻi ʻo ke aupuni pekelala ke kuleana no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻāina ma nā laina hoʻomana e like me nā palena ma waena o Muslim a me Kalikiano e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia me kekahi mau māhele moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi (HRW, 2006).
Pono nā aupuni ma nā pae āpau e piʻi aʻe ma luna o ka papa, e ʻae ʻole i ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ke aupuni maikaʻi a e ʻike ʻia i ko lākou pilina me ko lākou poʻe. Pono lākou (nā aupuni ma nā pae āpau) e pale i ka hoʻokae a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka poʻe i ka wā e pili ana i nā papahana hoʻomohala a me nā mea hoʻomana ma ka ʻāina (Salawu, 2010).
Ka Hopena a me ka Hopena
ʻO koʻu manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ko mākou noho ʻana ma kēia ʻano lāhui a me ka hoʻomana i kapa ʻia ʻo Nigeria, ʻaʻole ia he kuhihewa a ʻaʻole hōʻino. Akā, ua hoʻolālā ʻia lākou e ke Akua Mana Loa e hoʻohana i nā waiwai kanaka a me nā waiwai o ka ʻāina no ka pono o ke kanaka. No laila, ke aʻo nei ʻo Qurʻan 5: 2 a me 60: 8-9 ʻo ke kumu o ka pilina kanaka a me ka pilina e pono ai ka pono a me ka hoʻomana haipule e "... E kōkua kekahi i kekahi i ka pono a me ka haipule ..." (Ali, 2012) a me ʻO ka poʻe (o ka poʻe ʻaʻole Muslim) i hakakā ʻole iā ʻoe no ko ʻoukou manaʻoʻiʻo, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e kipaku iā ʻoukou mai ko ʻoukou ʻāina hānau, ʻaʻole ke Akua e pāpā iā ʻoukou e hōʻike i ka lokomaikaʻi iā lākou a e hana aku ia lakou me ka pololei loa: no ka mea, he oiaio, ke aloha nei ke Akua i ka poe hana pono. Ke papa mai nei ke Akua ia oukou, aole e huli i ka launa pu me ka poe e kaua mai ana ia oukou no ka manaoio, a e kipaku aku ia oukou mai ko oukou aina aku, a e kokua hoi i ka poe e kipaku aku ia oukou. ia lakou ma ka launa pu ana, o lakou ka poe hana hewa io!" (Ali, 2012).
E hoʻomaopopo '
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Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia pepa ma ka International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation's 1st Annual International Conference on Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding i mālama ʻia ma New York City, USA, ma ʻOkakopa 1, 2014.
Title: "I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka noho maluhia ʻana o ka Ethno-Religious ma Nigeria"
Mea Hōʻike: ʻO Imam Abdullahi Shuaib, Luna Hoʻokele / CEO, Zakat and Sadaqat Foundation (ZSF), Lagos, Nigeria.
