Kulimbana ndi Uchigawenga: Kubwereza Zolemba

Mfundo:

Uchigawenga ndi ziwopsezo zachitetezo zomwe zimabweretsa kumayiko pawokha komanso padziko lonse lapansi ndizo zomwe zikulamulira nkhani zapagulu. Akatswiri, opanga mfundo, ndi nzika wamba akufufuza mosalekeza za chilengedwe, zomwe zimayambitsa, zotsatira zake, momwe zigawenga zimayendera, machitidwe, ndi njira zothetsera uchigawenga. Ngakhale kafukufuku wozama pazachigawenga amayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970 ndi m'ma 1980 (Crenshaw, 2014), zigawenga za 9/11 ku United States zidakhala ngati chothandizira chomwe chinakulitsa ntchito zofufuza mkati mwa maphunziro (Sageman, 2014). Ndemanga ya mabukuwa ikufuna kufufuza mwatsatanetsatane mafunso asanu ofunika omwe ali pakati pa kafukufuku wamaphunziro okhudza uchigawenga. Mafunso awa ndi awa: Kodi pali tanthauzo lovomerezeka padziko lonse la uchigawenga? Kodi opanga mfundo akuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa uchigawenga kapena akulimbana ndi zizindikiro zake? Kodi uchigawenga ndi kuwopseza kwake mtendere ndi chitetezo zasiya chilonda chosazikika motani pa anthu? Ngati tiona kuti uchigawenga ndi matenda a anthu onse, ndi mitundu yanji ya mankhwala yomwe tingapatsidwe kuti ichire mpaka kalekale? Ndi njira, njira ndi njira ziti zomwe zingakhale zoyenera kuthandiza magulu omwe akhudzidwa kuti akambirane zankhani zauchigawenga kuti apeze mayankho ovomerezeka ndi otheka omwe amagwirizana ndi chidziwitso chodalirika komanso kulemekeza ulemu ndi ufulu wa anthu ndi magulu? Kuti tiyankhe mafunsowa, kuunika kozama kwa mabuku ofufuza omwe alipo okhudza tanthauzo, zomwe zimayambitsa, ndi njira zothetsera uchigawenga. Zolemba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powunika ndi kusanthula ndi mapepala owunikiridwa ndi anzawo omwe adafikiridwa ndikubwezedwa kudzera mu database ya ProQuest Central, komanso zomwe zapezedwa m'mabuku osinthidwa ndi mabuku aukadaulo. Kafukufukuyu ndiwothandizira akatswiri pazokambirana zomwe zikupitilira pamalingaliro ndi machitidwe othana ndi uchigawenga, komanso chida chofunikira chophunzitsira anthu pankhaniyi.