Kuyankhulana, Chikhalidwe, Chitsanzo cha Gulu ndi Kalembedwe: Phunziro la Walmart
Kudalirika
Cholinga cha pepalali ndikufufuza ndi kufotokoza chikhalidwe cha bungwe - malingaliro oyambira, zikhulupiliro zomwe zimagawana nawo komanso dongosolo la zikhulupiriro - zomwe zimatsogolera khalidwe la ogwira ntchito ku Walmart ndikulamulira momwe amadzionera okha mkati mwa bungwe, amagwirizana wina ndi mzake, ndi kucheza ndi makasitomala awo ndi dziko lakunja. Pomvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha bungwe la Walmart, pepalali likufunanso kuwunikira mitundu kapena masitayilo osiyanasiyana olankhulirana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'bungweli, momwe bungwe limakhudzira momwe zisankho zimapangidwira kudzera muulamuliro wake ndikuwunika kugawa kwa ntchito kapena maudindo mkati mwa bungwe. bungwe, ndipo potsiriza migwirizano yosiyana kapena migwirizano yomwe yatuluka chifukwa cha njira zoyankhulirana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi mkati ndi kunja kwa Walmart.
Chikhalidwe cha Gulu
Chikhalidwe cha bungwe la Walmart chimakhulupirira kuti chinachokera ku lingaliro lofunika lakuti "wogulitsa akhoza kuthandiza anthu kusunga ndalama ndikukhala bwino" (onani Kugwira ntchito ku Walmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart). Lingaliro ili lakukweza moyo wa anthu amderali popereka mwayi wapadera wothandiza makasitomala omwe amapangidwira kupatsa makasitomala katundu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zokopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yotsitsimutsa chuma kudzera. kupanga, mwayi wopeza ntchito ndi kugulitsanso malonda, ndizomwe zimachititsa chidwi cha Sam Walton, woyambitsa Walmart. Sam Walton, kupyolera mu utsogoleri wake ndi dziko lapansi - zochitika zake zapadziko lapansi - adayambitsa Walmart chikhalidwe chamakampani, ndipo anali "wothandizira pakupanga khalidwe ndi makhalidwe a ena {...}, kupanga mikhalidwe yopangira chikhalidwe chatsopano" (Schein, 2010, p. 3).
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, zimakhala zomveka komanso zomveka kunena kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa utsogoleri ndi chikhalidwe mkati mwa bungweli. "Zomwe timamaliza kuzitcha chikhalidwe m'machitidwe otere," malinga ndi Schein (2010), "nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsatira za kuyika zomwe woyambitsa kapena mtsogoleri wakhazikitsa gulu lomwe lachita. M'lingaliro limeneli, chikhalidwe chimapangidwa, kukhazikika, kusinthika, ndipo pamapeto pake chimayendetsedwa ndi atsogoleri" (tsamba 3) kuti zikhudze utsogoleri ndi momwe antchito amagwirira ntchito m'bungwe. Chikhalidwe cha bungwe ku Walmart, monga momwe ziliri m'bungwe lina lililonse lomwe lili ndi mbiri yofananira ndi malingaliro oyambira, zitha kumveka molingana ndi tanthauzo la Schein's (2010) la chikhalidwe cha gulu lomwe limaphatikizapo "chitsanzo chamalingaliro oyambira omwe amaphunziridwa ndi gulu pomwe limathetsa mavuto ake akusintha kwakunja ndi kuphatikiza kwamkati, komwe kwagwira ntchito bwino, kuganiza momveka bwino, kuganiza momveka bwino, kumveka bwino kwa mamembala. zokhudzana ndi mavuto amenewo” (tsamba 18).
Kusanthula kwazomwe zilipo pa Walmart kukuwonetsa kuti oyang'anira atsopano a Walmart ndi anzawo amayamba kumizidwa m'moyo, lingaliro lofunikira kuti "wogulitsa atha kuthandiza anthu kusunga ndalama ndikukhala bwino." Chikhulupiriro choyambira ichi chimatsogolera ndikudziwitsa zochita zawo, machitidwe, maubale, ndi malingaliro mkati ndi kunja kwa bungwe. Komabe, kukhala ndi ganizo lotere pakokha sikutanthauza a chikhalidwe chamakampani. Chinanso chikufunika - ndiko kuti, momwe mungakwaniritsire zongopeka kapena zenizeni. Zikhalidwe zamabungwe ku Walmart zitha kumveka kuchokera kumalingaliro a "praxis" omwe amatsimikizira mchitidwe wovomerezeka. Kufotokozera kumeneku kukukokedwa bwino ndi tanthauzo la chikhalidwe la Walmart: “Chikhalidwe chathu ndi mmene timagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chimenecho [chifuno apa chikunena za kuthandiza anthu kusunga ndalama ndi kukhala ndi moyo wabwino].” (Onani Kugwira ntchito ku Walmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart). Kuti akwaniritse maloto ake mothandizana, Walmart amatengera mfundo zinayi zomwe, zikaphatikizidwa, zimapanga zomwe zitha kufotokozedwa ngati chikhalidwe chantchito ku Walmart. Miyezo iyi ndi: "kutumikira kwa makasitomala, kulemekeza munthu, kuyesetsa kuchita bwino, ndi kuchita zinthu mwachilungamo" (Onani Kugwira ntchito ku Walmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart).
Pa tebulo ili m'munsimu, kuyesayesa kumapangidwa kuti afotokoze mwachidule chikhalidwe cha ntchito za bungwe ku Walmart, chiphunzitso cha kusintha komwe kumachokera ku gawo lililonse la chikhalidwe cha bungwe la Walmart, komanso mafotokozedwe kapena zomwe zimapanga chikhalidwe cha bungwe.
| Chikhalidwe cha Ntchito ku Walmart | Ntchito kwa Makasitomala | Kulemekeza Munthu Payekha | Kuyesetsa Kuchita Bwino | Kuchita Zinthu Mwachilungamo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chiphunzitso cha Kusintha (Ngati…, ndiye) | Ngati Walmart idakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha makasitomala, ndiye kuti antchito a Walmart - oyang'anira ndi othandizira - ayenera kuyesetsa tsiku lililonse kuti akwaniritse makasitomala. | Ngati Walmart ikufuna kuti antchito ake azigwira ntchito limodzi kuti akwaniritse cholinga chake: "kuthandizira anthu kusunga ndalama ndikukhala bwino," ndiye kuti antchito a Walmart, makasitomala ndi anthu ammudzi ayenera kulemekezedwa. | Ngati Walmart ikufuna kuchita bwino, ndiye kuti Walmart iyenera kuwongolera bizinesi yake nthawi zonse ndikukulitsa luso la antchito ake. | Ngati Walmart ikufuna kusunga mbiri ndi chidaliro chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi bizinesi yake, ndiye kuti zochita za ogwira ntchito ku Walmart ziyenera kutsogozedwa ndi mfundo zachilungamo. |
| Kufotokozera/Kupanga Zinthu 1 | Thandizani makasitomala powaika patsogolo. | Yang'anani ndikuzindikira zopereka za mnzako aliyense. | Pangani zatsopano poyesa njira zatsopano zochitira zinthu ndikuwongolera tsiku lililonse. | Khalani oona mtima mwa kunena zoona ndi kusunga zimene talonjeza. |
| Kufotokozera/Kupanga Zinthu 2 | Othandizira othandizira kuti athe kutumikira makasitomala bwino. | Khalani ndi zomwe timachita mwachangu, ndikulimbitsana wina ndi mnzake kuti tichite zomwezo. | Tsatirani chitsanzo chabwino pamene tikutsata ziyembekezo zazikulu. | Khalani wachilungamo komanso womasuka pochita ndi anzanu, ogulitsa katundu ndi ena omwe akukhudzidwa nawo. |
| Kufotokozera/Kupanga Zinthu 3 | Perekani anthu amdera lanu m'njira zolumikizana ndi makasitomala. | Lumikizanani pomvera anzanu onse ndikugawana malingaliro ndi chidziwitso. | Gwirani ntchito limodzi pothandizana wina ndi mnzake ndikupempha thandizo. | Khalani ndi cholinga popanga zisankho molingana ndi zokonda za Walmart pomwe mukugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo ndi mfundo zathu. |
Kuwunika kwa deta yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa ethnographic wa mikangano ya Walmart-Ogwira ntchito (kapena oyanjana nawo), pogwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zazikulu: kuyang'anitsitsa, kufunsana, ndi kufufuza zolemba zakale, zimasonyeza kuti pali kusiyana kapena kusagwirizana pakati pa zomwe Walmart amavomereza monga chikhalidwe cha ntchito ya bungwe. (zikhulupiriro zazikuluzikulu zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa) ndi momwe antchito a Walmart kapena anzawo akusamalidwa bwino ndi mndandanda wa malamulo ndi kasamalidwe ka Walmart. Kusiyana kumeneku pakati pa zikhulupiriro ndi zochita kwadzetsa zotsutsa zambiri kuchokera kwamagulu osiyanasiyana otsutsana ndi Walmart, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti njira zoyankhulirana zizituluka m'bungwe, zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zomanga ndi migwirizano pamagawo osiyanasiyana, ndipo zadzetsa kupsinjika kwamkati kapena kusagwirizana komwe kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwa milandu ndi zilango zotsutsana ndi Walmart ndi anzawo omwe.
Ngakhale zigawo zotsatila za pepalali zikuwonetsa njira zoyankhuliranazi, kambiranani mndandanda wa malamulo kapena dongosolo la bungwe lomwe limayang'anira kupanga mfundo ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake, ndi mitundu ya migwirizano kapena migwirizano yomwe yachitika mkati ndi kunja kwa Walmart, ndikofunikira kuti tsopano tifotokoze komwe kwenikweni. kusagwirizana kulipo komanso zochita zina zomwe zimawoneka kuti zikutsutsana ndi miyambo yachikhalidwe kapena zikhulupiriro za Walmart.
Kusanthula kwa data kudawulula kuti vuto lalikulu lomwe likugogomezera kukwera kosalekeza kwa mikangano ya Walmart-Employees ikugwirizana ndi kulephera kwa Walmart kuthana ndi nkhawa zazikulu za anzawo - malingaliro awo kuti zina mwazochita za Walmart kwa iwo ndizosemphana ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu za bungwe lawo: utumiki kwa makasitomala, kulemekeza munthu payekha, kuyesetsa kuchita bwino, ndi kuchita mwachilungamo.
Service kwa Makasitomala: Pakafukufukuyu, zidapezeka kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa zomwe Walmart akunena kuti ndi othandizira othandizira kuti athe kutumikira makasitomala bwino ndi maganizo a anzawo pa chithandizo cha Walmart kwa iwo, ndi momwe chithandizochi chakhudzira ubale wawo ndi makasitomala, chikhalidwe chawo pazachuma, ndi umoyo wawo wamaganizo. Zinapezekanso kuti zomwe Walmart akunena kupereka kwa anthu amderalo m'njira zolumikizana ndi makasitomala zimatsutsana ndi malingaliro a anthu ena ammudzi pakuthandizira kwa Walmart pa chitukuko cha midzi.
Ulemu kwa Munthu: Kusanthula kwazomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kukuwonetsa kuti Walmart akutsimikizira kuti oyang'anira ake amayamikira ndi kuzindikira zopereka za mnzako aliyense sizikugwirizana ndi zomwe ena mwa othandizana nawo amakumana nawo pochita zinthu ndi oyang'anira. Funso lomwe lidawonekera pa kafukufukuyu linali lakuti: Kodi si chinthu chimodzi kuzindikira zomwe munthu wapereka, ndi chinthu chinanso kuyamikira zoperekazo? Othandizana nawo a Walmart akukhulupirira kuti kulimbikira kwawo komanso kuyesetsa kuthandiza Walmart kukwaniritsa zolinga zake zimavomerezedwa ndi oyang'anira chifukwa cha phindu lalikulu lomwe Walmart ikupeza komanso kukula kwake kosalekeza padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, zopereka zawo pazokambirana za momwe angakulitsire moyo wawo ngati ogwira ntchito sizikudziwika komanso kuyamikiridwa. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, asankha kukana poyera zolinga zilizonse zomwe zingawapangitse kukhala a kudzera mpaka TSIRIZA m'malo mokhala an TSIRIZA mwa iwo okha. Othandizira a Walmart amatsutsanso kuti ngakhale Walmart imakhulupirira kuti oyang'anira ake - atsogoleri apamwamba komanso apakati - amalumikizana pomvera anzanu onse ndikugawana malingaliro ndi chidziwitso, Zowona, komabe, malingaliro ndi machitidwe a oyang'anira okhudzana ndi zokonda ndi malingaliro a anzawo amomwe angakhalire ndi moyo wabwino monga antchito amatsutsana ndi zomwe Walmart amati amatsatira.
Kuyesera Kuchita Zabwino: Dera lina lomwe ogwirizana ndi Walmart amawona zosagwirizana zili m'malo a luso ndi ntchito yamagulu. Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa kuti chikhulupiliro choyambirira kapena mtengo womwe umakakamiza oyang'anira ndi ogwirizana nawo yambitsani poyesa njira zatsopano zochitira zinthu ndikuwongolera tsiku lililonse imayendetsedwa ndikukakamizidwa mpaka momwe imagwirira ntchito zokomera utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe ka Walmart, kwinaku akunyoza zokonda, ndikunyalanyaza mawu a anzawo. Madandaulo osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi zonena za anzawo ndi kulimbana zafotokozedwa mu tebulo ili m'munsimu. Komabe, limodzi mwamafunso akuluakulu omwe adabuka pakusonkhanitsira ndi kusanthula deta anali: ngati Walmart imasunga phindu lopangira zatsopano poyesa njira zatsopano zochitira zinthu ndikuwongolera tsiku lililonse, chifukwa chiyani utsogoleri wake ukutsutsana ndi pempho la ogwira ntchito kuti agwirizane ndi Walmart's. oyanjana nawo? Palinso kusiyana komwe kulipo pakati pa mtengo wapakati wa kugwira ntchito ngati gulu pothandizana wina ndi mnzake komanso kupempha thandizo ndi mayankho ndi machitidwe a utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe ka Walmart ponena za zosowa ndi zofuna za anzawo.
Kuchita Zinthu Mwachilungamo: Palinso nkhawa ikukula za dichotomy yomwe ilipo pakati pa udindo chitani ndi umphumphu - ndiye kuti, ku be woonamtima pakunena zoona, kukhala lokongola ndi kutseguka pochita ndi mabwenzi, ogulitsa ndi ena okhudzidwakapena kukhala Cholinga popanga zisankho molingana ndi zokonda za Walmart pomwe zikugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo ndi mfundo zonse, ndi kuchitiridwa mopanda chilungamo, mopanda chilungamo komanso kosaloledwa ndi malamulo kwa anzawo ena ndi oyang'anira a Walmart komanso tsankho lomwe likuwoneka ku Walmart, zomwe zina zathera pamilandu ndi zilango zotsutsana ndi kampaniyo. Funso lomwe lidawonekera pa kafukufukuyu linali: Kodi Walmart angavomereze bwanji kuti utsogoleri ndi oyang'anira ake akuchita zinthu mwachilungamo komanso motengera lamulo pomwe ena ogwirizana ndi olembedwa atsopano amati amasalidwa kapena pomwe oyang'anira akuimbidwa mlandu wochita zosaloledwa. machitidwe otsutsana ndi oyanjana nawo - machitidwe kuyambira kutsekedwa kosayembekezereka kwa masitolo mpaka kuchepetsa maola ogwira ntchito ndi malipiro ochepa kwa anzawo ena, ndiyeno kuwopseza kuwombera anzawo osalankhula.
Gome ili m'munsili likuwonetsa mwatsatanetsatane kusiyana komwe kukuwoneka (monga momwe akuwonetsedwera ndi Associates) pakati pa miyambo ya chikhalidwe cha Walmart ndi machitidwe enieni, machitidwe ndi malingaliro a utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe ka anzawo. Komanso, tebulo likuwonetsa zosowa za anthu za Walmart Associates ndi oyang'anira. Kufufuza kumvetsetsa kwa mikangano ya Walmart-Ogwira ntchito kupitirira malo oyambirira ndi "chidziwitso cha chidwi pamlingo wozama, mlingo wa zosowa zaumunthu," chitsanzo cha zosowa zaumunthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tebulo ili m'munsimu chidzathandiza onse ogwirizana ndi oyang'anira kuti azindikire "zosowa zaumunthu zomwe zimagawana nawo. ” (Katz, Lawyer, and Sweedler, 2011, p. 109). Gome ili ndilofunika chifukwa limakhala lofunikira kuti mumvetsetse mitundu kapena masitayilo olankhulirana omwe atuluka mkati ndi kunja kwa Walmart.
| Kusiyanasiyana kwa Ogwirizana nawo | Zofuna Zaumunthu (Motengera Chitsanzo cha Zosowa Zaumunthu) |
|---|---|
| Pakati pa Zikhalidwe Zachikhalidwe za Walmart ndi Zochita Zenizeni za Utsogoleri ndi Kasamalidwe kake | Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (WATHU Walmart, bungwe la Walmart Associates, lolembedwa ndi Walmart Associates, la Walmart Associates.) |
| Osapatsidwa ulemu woyenerera. | Udindo: Unionization of Walmart Associates |
| Ufulu wa ntchito ndi miyezo yophwanyidwa. | Zofuna Zathupi (Zokonda) |
| Mulibe mawu m'masitolo. | 1) Walmart iyenera kulipira $15 pa ola limodzi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ogwira ntchito nthawi zonse. 2) Walmart iyenera kupanga ndandanda kukhala yodziwikiratu komanso yodalirika. 3) Walmart iyenera kupereka malipiro ndi zopindulitsa zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti palibe othandizana nawo omwe angadalire thandizo la boma kuti athandize mabanja awo. |
| Nkhawa za ntchito yawo zimanyalanyazidwa. | Chitetezo / Chitetezo (Zokonda) |
| Zisokonezo kapena kufuna ufulu woyanjana / mgwirizano nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi chilango chochokera kwa oyang'anira. | 1) Walmart iyenera kulola Associates kulowa nawo Walmart YATHU momasuka popanda kuwopa chilango - kutsekedwa kwa sitolo, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kapena kutaya mapindu. 2) Walmart iyenera kuthandiza anzawo kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza chithandizo chamankhwala chotsika mtengo, ndikukulitsa chithandizo chamankhwala ndikupitilizabe kugwira ntchito kuti awonjezere kufalitsa pamene kusintha kwaumoyo kukuyamba kugwira ntchito, m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopezeka pamalamulo kukana kufalitsa. 3) Walmart iyenera kulemekeza ufulu wofunikira wa omwe akuyanjana nawo waufulu wolankhula kotero kuti mabwenzi azitha kulankhula popanda kuopa kubwezera. |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito khomo lotseguka la Walmart sikuyambitsa mikangano ndipo chinsinsi sichilemekezedwa. | 4) Walmart ayenera kulemba antchito owonjezera, kutengera kukula kwa anthu omwe akuyembekezeredwa pazochitika zamalonda za tchuthi monga "Black Friday". 5) Walmart iyenera kuphunzitsa: chitetezo kapena oyang'anira anthu ambiri pamalopo; ogwira ntchito zachitetezo; ndi ogwira ntchito pazochitika zadzidzidzi. 6) Walmart iyenera kukonzekera dongosolo ladzidzidzi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti onse ogwira ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi akudziwa za izo. |
| Zomwe Walmart adanena kuti malipiro a nthawi zonse a Associates 'ola limodzi amaposa $15 pa ola ndizotsutsana ndi ndalama zosakwana $10 pa ola zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa mabwenzi ambiri. | Belongingness / Ife / Gulu la Mzimu (Zokonda) |
| Kuchepetsa maola ogwirira ntchito kwa ogwira nawo ntchito aganyu kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusamalira mabanja awo. | 1) Walmart iyenera kukondwerera zomwe tachita, ndikumvera nkhawa zathu. 2) Walmart iyenera kutengera mfundo zotsimikizira zomwe zimapeza mwayi wopeza mwayi ndi chithandizo chofanana kwa onse oyanjana nawo mosasamala kanthu za jenda, mtundu, kulumala, malingaliro ogonana, kapena zaka. |
| Kusakhazikika ndi kusasinthasintha kwa mabwenzi kumapangitsa kukhala kovuta kusamalira mabanja awo. | 3) Walmart iyenera kutsatira lamulo la Bambo Sam: “Gawirani mapindu anu ndi Anzanu onse, ndikuwaona ngati ogwirizana nawo.” 4) Walmart iyenera kuthetsa tsankho lotengera zaka, kugonana, mtundu kapena zikhulupiriro. |
| Kulephera kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala cha Walmart chifukwa ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kapena chifukwa chosowa maola kuti muyenerere. | Kudzidalira / Ulemu (Zokonda) |
| Othandizana nawo amakumana ndi kubwezera akamalankhula za zovuta kuntchito. | 1) Walmart iyenera kulemekeza kulimbikira ndi umunthu wa Associates. 2) Walmart iyenera kutichitira ulemu ndi ulemu. |
| Thandizo lofanana limakanidwa kwa mabwenzi ambiri. | 3) Tikufuna chilungamo ndi chilungamo. 4) Tikufuna kudzimva kuti ndife anthu odalirika omwe amatha kupeza zofunika pabanja lathu. |
| Kudalira thandizo la boma kuti likwaniritse zosowa zofunikira mukamagwira ntchito ku Walmart sikwabwino. | Kukula kwa Bizinesi / Phindu / Kudzipangitsa Wekha (Zokonda) |
| Sungani nthawi zonse osagwira ntchito mokwanira ndipo ogwira ntchito amakhala otanganidwa nthawi zonse. | 1) Walmart iyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti oyang'anira akuphunzitsidwa bwino momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mfundo zolembedwa za Walmart nthawi zonse komanso kupereka ma Associates onse buku la mfundo. 2) Tikufuna kuchita bwino pantchito zathu, ndipo tikufuna kuti kampani yathu iziyenda bwino mubizinesi, ndi makasitomala athu kuti alandire ntchito zabwino komanso zamtengo wapatali, ndi Walmart ndi Associates kugawana zolinga zonsezi. |
| Kuyimilira mgwirizano ndikuchita nawo ziwonetsero kumakumana ndi ziwopsezo za kutsekedwa kwa sitolo, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kapena kutayika kwa phindu. | 3) Tikufuna kukula ndikukhala ndi mwayi, kuwonjezereka kwa malipiro abwino - kukweza kwa onse oyanjana nawo osachepera $ 15 / ora. 4) Tikufuna kupatsidwa nthawi yokhazikika, nthawi zonse ngati tikufuna. |
| Othandizana nawo ndi makasitomala ali pachiwopsezo chovulazidwa kapena kufa panthawi yogulitsa tchuthi monga "Black Friday". | 5) Tikufuna Walmart kuti apereke maola ochulukirapo kwa Othandizira anthawi yochepa. 6) Tikufuna Walmart kulemba ganyu antchito ambiri m'masitolo opanda antchito. |
| Zoneneratu za tsankho (mwachitsanzo: Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.). | 7) Tikufuna Walmart kuthetsa kuphwanya malipiro ndi ola. 8) Tikufuna Walmart kuti athetse kuphunzitsa kopanda chilungamo ndi kuchotsedwa. |
| Kuphwanya malamulo a malipiro ndi ola, mwachitsanzo malipiro osalipidwa kwa anzawo. | 9) Walmart iyenera kudzipereka kutsatira ufulu ndi miyezo ya ogwira ntchito. |
Mitundu Yoyankhulirana Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito M'bungwe
Pofuna kuyankha madandaulo omwe tawatchulawa ndikulimbitsa zolinga zake, Walmart, kwa zaka zoposa khumi, yakhala ikuyesera njira zosiyanasiyana zolankhulirana. Zotsatira zafukufuku pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yolankhulirana yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyang'anira a Walmart ndi Walmart Associates pokhudzana ndi kusamvana kwa mgwirizano zidawulula kuti:
- Utsogoleri ndi oyang'anira a Walmart agwiritsa ntchito njira kapena masitayilo osagwirizana nthawi ndi magawo osiyanasiyana komanso pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuyesa kunyalanyaza mikangano ya mgwirizano, kupondereza kapena kuthana nayo, kunyengerera anzawo omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi ena omwe akukhudzidwa kuti asiye zofuna zawo mokakamiza, kapena kupanga zina. kuvomereza ndi cholinga chosunga momwe zinthu ziliri.
- Othandizana nawo a Walmart asinthanso njira yolankhulirana kupita ku ina kuyambira chiyambi cha mikangano ya mgwirizano. Ngakhale zikuwoneka kuti bungwe lalikulu la ogwirizana ndi Walmart, Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (WATHU Walmart) - gulu lomwe limalimbikitsa mgwirizano, kuyambira mu June 2011 kukhazikitsidwa kwawo kwa boma (Onani Worker Center Watch, 2014), latengera masitayelo omveka bwino, ozindikirika mosavuta kapena njira zoyankhulirana, chifukwa cholumikizana ndi ena ambiri amawopa kuti amalumikizana. njira zachitukuko zingapangitse kuti ntchito yawo ithe.
Kuti mumvetsetse bwino njira zoyankhulirana za utsogoleri / kasamalidwe ka Walmart ndi anzawo, kafukufukuyu adatengera kuphatikiza kwa "mitundu iwiri ya mikangano" (Blake ndi Mouton, 1971, monga tafotokozera mu Katz et al., 2011, pp. 83-84) ndi Rahim (2011) gulu la mikangano masitayelo (monga tafotokozera mu Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 146). Mitundu ya mikangano iyi ndi: kupewa, kulamulira (kupikisana kapena kuwongolera), kukakamiza (kusunga), kulolera, ndi kuphatikiza (kuthandizana). Monga momwe tafotokozera pansipa, onse oyang'anira Walmart ndi oyanjana nawo "amasintha masitayelo / njira zawo kuti agwirizane ndi zofuna za zochitika zatsopano" (Katz et al., 2011, p. 84). Pamtundu uliwonse wa mikangano iyi, njira yolumikizirana yomwe okhudzidwayo amalumikizana nayo imawonetsedwa.
| Kulankhulana (Mikangano) masitayilo | Kufotokozera/Cholinga | Utsogoleri / Utsogoleri wa Walmart | Walmart Associates |
|---|---|---|---|
| kupewa | Kusiya-kutaya/kupambana (Zolinga zochepa ndi maubwenzi) | inde | inde |
| Kukhala (Kukakamiza) | Zokolola-zotayika/zopambana (Zolinga zotsika komanso kukhala ndi ubale wapamwamba) | _____________________________ | Inde (makamaka ena mwa othandizana nawo) |
| Kuchotsa | Mini-win/mini-lose (Cholinga chokambirana ndi maubwenzi) | inde | inde |
| Kulamulira (Kupikisana kapena Kulamulira) | Kupambana/kutaya (Zolinga zapamwamba komanso kutsika kwa ubale) | inde | inde |
| Kuphatikiza (kugwirizanitsa) | Kupambana / Kupambana (Zolinga zazikulu ndi maubwenzi) | Ayi | Ayi |
Kupewa:
Zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa panthawi yofunsa mafunso ndi kafukufuku wosungira zakale zidawonetsa kuti kumayambiriro kwa mkangano wa Walmart-Associates pa mgwirizano wa ogwira ntchito ku Walmart, utsogoleri wa Walmart unatengera njira yopewera. Utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe ka Walmart adapewa kukambirana zachindunji pankhani ya mgwirizano ndi anzawo komanso kunyalanyaza zomwe amakonda komanso zolinga zawo. Malinga ndi Steve Adubato (2016), "Mkulu wa Wal-Mart Lee Scott (yemwe adagwira ntchito ngati wamkulu wachitatu wa Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., kuyambira Januwale 2000 mpaka Januware 2009) mwachiwonekere adawona kuti kuyankha kutsutsidwa kungapereke. kuwonjezera zowona” (ndime 3). Kuyankha kwa utsogoleri wa Walmart kumayambiriro kwa mkanganowu - njira yawo yopewera - zimagwirizana ndi malingaliro osadzipereka okana kukhalapo kwa mkangano. "Poyerekeza kuti mkangano kulibe, chipani champhamvu kwambiri chimamasulidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi chipani chochepa" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 151). Izi zikuwonekera pa zomwe akuti "kukana kuthana ndi nkhawa za anzawo a Walmart" ndi magulu osiyanasiyana a utsogoleri wa Walmart, kuyambira kwa Wapampando wopuma wa Board of Directors wa Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., Rob Walton, mwana wamkulu wa Sam ndi Helen Walton, kwa mamembala a Board of Directors, kenako kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu, omwe mamembala a Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (WATHU Walmart) ndi ogwirizana nawo akuti afikira mobwerezabwereza aliyense payekhapayekha kuti amvetsere. ku nkhawa zawo (Onani Kupanga Kusintha ku Walmart, The Walmart 1 Peresenti: Mbiri Yofikira kwa abwenzi a Walmart ndi ogwirizana nawo ku Walmart, yotengedwa kuchokera ku http://walmart1percent.org/). Limodzi mwamafunso omwe kafukufukuyu adafuna kuti afufuze anali: kodi kuipa kopewera zolinga za mgwirizano wa abwenzi a Walmart kumaposa zabwino zake? Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinavumbula mfundo ziwiri zofunika kwambiri. Imodzi ndikuti kupeŵa nkhawa za omwe amagwirizana nawo kumatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha bungwe la Walmart. Zina ndikuti popewa zomwe amawafuna, zomwe amakonda komanso zolinga zawo, oyanjana nawo a Walmart amawona kuti utsogoleri ndi oyang'anira samasamala za moyo wawo wabwino, ndipo samayamikira zopereka zawo ku bungwe, zomwe zimakhazikitsanso "siteji yamtsogolo. kuphulika kapena kubwereranso" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 152) zomwe zayambitsa mikangano mu kasamalidwe - ubale wothandizira.
Kulamulira / Kupikisana kapena Kulamulira:
Mtundu wina womwe udatuluka pakufufuza pa mikangano ya Walmart-Associates ndi njira yolamulira, mpikisano ndi kuwongolera. Popeza kupeŵa nkhawa za omwe amagwirizana nawo sikuthetsa vuto lililonse lomwe limayambitsa mikangano, zidawululidwa mu kafukufukuyu kuti mabwenzi ambiri adaganiza zobwera palimodzi, kusonkhanitsanso, kupanga mayanjano a m'sitolo, ndikupeza thandizo ndi kukwera kuchokera kunja. magulu okhudzidwa/mabungwe, kwinaku akugwiritsa ntchito malamulo akuluakulu/ndondomeko zoteteza ufulu wa ogwira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi uliwonse kuti anene zomwe akufuna komanso nkhawa zawo. Kusuntha komweku kochitidwa ndi ogwirizana ndi Walmart kumatsimikizira zongoganiza zoyambira pa lingaliro la njira yayikulu yolumikizirana. Malinga ndi a Hocker and Wilmot (2014): "Makhalidwe olamulira, opikisana, kapena 'ogonjetsa' amadziwika ndi khalidwe laukali komanso losagwirizana - kutsata zofuna zanu movutikira wina. Anthu okhala ndi masitayelo olamulira amayesa kupeza mphamvu mwa kukangana mwachindunji, poyesa 'kupambana' mkangano popanda kusintha zolinga ndi zokhumba za ena. […] Mkanganowu umawoneka ngati bwalo lankhondo, pomwe kupambana ndiye cholinga, ndipo kudera nkhawa kwa winayo kuli kochepa kapena kopanda phindu” (p. 156).
Kuwunika mosamalitsa gulu la ambulera la ogwirizana ndi Walmart, Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (WAlmart YATHU), idawulula kuti mkangano wawo ndi Walmart, Walmart yathu ndiyokhazikika, ndipo imayang'ana kwambiri, zofuna zake poyesa kupambana nkhondoyi kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zopikisana. Njirazi zikuphatikiza, koma osati zokhazo: "kuzenga milandu yopanda pake, kufalitsa maphunziro osakhazikika, kupereka makalata okakamiza olemba anzawo ntchito, kuchita zionetsero zaphokoso komanso zosokoneza m'masitolo ndi m'misewu, kuwukira nokha mamembala a board ndi mabwanamkubwa ndikufalitsa zabodza pawailesi yakanema" (Onani Worker Center Watch, Our Walmart Tactics from, http://workercenterwatch.com). Akukhulupirira kuti masitayelo olankhuliranawa ndi gawo la njira yophatikizira, yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito kusamvera anthu (Eidelson, 2013; Carpenter, 2013), kukonza ndikumenya (Carpenter, 2013; Resnikoff 2014; Jaffe 2015; Bode) 2014), malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, mawebusayiti odzipatulira, ndi nsanja zina zapaintaneti, zopangidwira kukopa poyera kapena kukakamiza Walmart kuti igwirizane ndi zomwe anzawo akufuna.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti m'malo momvera zomwe Walmart Wathu amafuna ndikuwopsezedwa ndi kampeni yake yapagulu ndi njira zina, Walmart yagwiritsa ntchito masitayilo osiyanasiyana kuti alankhule, kukopa, ndi kukakamiza anzawo kuti asagwirizane. Kusokonekera kwa ufulu wogwirizana kapena mgwirizano komanso kutenga nawo gawo pazomenyera nkhondo zathu motsogozedwa ndi Walmart nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi chilango chochokera kwa oyang'anira a Walmart monga kuwopseza, kapena kutsekedwa kwenikweni kwa sitolo, kuchotsedwa ntchito, kuchepetsedwa kwa maola ogwira ntchito kapena kutaya phindu. Mwachitsanzo, “pamene dipatimenti ya nyama ya m’sitolo ya Walmart ku Texas inakhala ntchito yokhayo ya ogulitsa ku United States kuti agwirizane, kalelo mu 2000, Walmart analengeza mapulani ake patatha milungu iwiri yoti agwiritse ntchito nyama yokonzedweratu ndi kuthetsa ogula nyama m’sitoloyo ndi ena 179” (Greenhouse, 2015, ndime 1). Momwemonso, akukhulupirira kuti kutseka kwa sitolo ya Walmart ku Jonquiere, Quebec ku 2004 patangopita nthawi yochepa pomwe ogwirizana nawo sitoloyo adagwirizana, ndipo kusuntha kwa Epulo 2015 kutseka sitolo ku Pico Rivera, California, pamodzi ndi masitolo ena anayi, ndi gawo. ya njira yokulirapo yolimbana ndi mgwirizano wa mabungwe a Walmart (Greenhouse, 2015; Masunaga, 2015).
Komanso, madandaulo aboma a National Labor Relations Board, Office of the General Counsel, motsutsana ndi Walmart pa Januware 15, 2014 amatsimikizira kulamulira ndi kuwongolera mikangano yomwe Walmart amagwiritsa ntchito poletsa anzawo kupanga kapena kulowa nawo mgwirizano. "M'mawu awiri apawailesi yakanema komanso zonena kwa ogwira ntchito m'masitolo a Walmart ku California ndi Texas, Walmart mosaloledwa adawopseza antchito kuti abwezera ngati achita ziwonetsero komanso ziwonetsero. M'masitolo ku California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas ndi Washington, Walmart inawopseza, kulanga, ndi / kapena kuthetsa antchito chifukwa chochita nawo ziwonetsero zotetezedwa ndi malamulo. . M'masitolo ku California, Florida, ndi Texas, Walmart inawopseza mosavomerezeka, kuyang'anira, kulanga, ndi/kapena kuthetsa antchito poyembekezera kapena poyankha ntchito zina zotetezedwa za antchito" (NLRB, Office of Public Affairs, 2015).
Kuphatikiza pakuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu motsutsana ndi zoyesayesa zilizonse zogwirizanitsa anzawo, Walmart idalamula Gulu Lao Lazantchito kuti lipange "A Manager's Toolbox To Remaining Union Free," zida zophunzitsira zomwe zimatsutsa mwamphamvu ndikudzudzula mgwirizano wamayanjano ndikupereka umboni ndi zifukwa zomveka. chifukwa chiyani mameneja sayenera kunena kuti ayi kwa Walmart Yathu ndikulimbikitsa mayanjano ena kukana lingaliro la mgwirizano. Oyang'anira onse akuyenera kulandira maphunzirowa omwe amawapatsa mphamvu kuti akhale "mzere woyamba wa chitetezo ku mgwirizano" wa Walmart ndikuwapatsa luso loti "akhale tcheru nthawi zonse pakuyesetsa kwa mgwirizano kuti akonzekere mayanjano" komanso kukhala tcheru nthawi zonse. kwa zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe ogwirizana nawo ali ndi chidwi ndi mgwirizano "(Walmart Labor Relations Team, 1997). Zikawoneka zizindikiro za zochitika zamagulu opangidwa ndi Walmart yathu kapena bungwe lina lililonse, mamanejala adayenera kufotokozera mwachangu zizindikiro ndi zochitikazo ku Hotline ya Labor Relations, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Union Hotline (Walmart Labor Relations Team, 2014; Human Rights Watch. , 2007). Momwemonso, ma ganyu atsopano kuyambira 2009 amapatsidwa chidziwitso kuti awalowetse mu chikhalidwe chotsutsana ndi mgwirizano ndi malingaliro a Walmart (Greenhouse, 2015), potero kuwalepheretsa kutsatira zolinga zomwe zingawasiye ndi zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni. Chifukwa chake, oyanjana nawo atsopano amayamba ntchito yawo ndi mantha akubwezera, ngati adziphatikiza ndi zinthu zovomereza mgwirizano.
Titalingalira za masitayelo otsogola a Walmart ndi Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (Walmart YATHU), funso limodzi lofunika linabuka: ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njirazi ndi ziti? Kodi njira zolankhuliranazi zawathandiza bwino? Kafukufuku wa kalembedwe kameneka akugwirizana ndi lingaliro la Hocker and Wilmot (2014) pa njira yolamulira yolankhulirana yomwe imati "ndizothandiza ngati cholinga chakunja ndichofunika kwambiri kuposa ubale ndi munthu wina, monga muubwenzi wanthawi yochepa, wosabwerezabwereza” (tsamba 157). Koma Walmart ili paubwenzi wanthaŵi yaitali ndi mabwenzi ake, motero, “mikangano yochitidwa mopikisana ingalimbikitse mbali imodzi kuchita mobisa ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zobisika kuti winayo alipire. Ulamuliro umakonda kuchepetsa mikangano yonse kukhala njira ziwiri - 'mwina mukutsutsana nane kapena ndi ine,' zomwe zimalepheretsa maudindo a munthu kukhala 'kupambana' kapena 'kutaya'” (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 157). N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti izi ndi zoona pa ubale wankhanza pakati pa Walmart ndi mamembala a Organization United for Respect ku Walmart (WAlmart YATHU).
Kukhala kapena Kufunika:
Njira ina yofunika yolankhulirana yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mumkangano wa Walmart-Associates ndikulandirira kapena kukakamiza. Kwa Katz et al. (2011), kulandirira kumatanthauza "kugonjera, kukondweretsa, ndi kupewa mikangano" (p. 83) mwina kusunga ubale kapena chifukwa cha mantha a zotsatira zake kapena kutayika kwa mkangano kudzakhala ndi accommodator. Kafukufuku wathu wa kafukufuku wafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ambiri omwe amayanjana nawo ku Walmart amakonda kugonjera malamulo a Walmart odana ndi mgwirizano kuti alowe nawo ndikuchita nawo ntchito zovomereza mgwirizano wa OUR Walmart, osati chifukwa cha kumanga ubale, koma chifukwa choopa kutaya ntchito, zomwe, ndithudi, adzakhala ndi chiyambukiro chowononga iwo ndi mabanja awo. Anthu ambiri asankha kaimidwe koyenera m’mbiri monga momwe tikuonera m’nthano za ulendo wopita ku Igupto kumene Aisrayeli ena anakonda kumvera malamulo a Farao ndi kubwerera ku Igupto kupeŵa njala ndi kufa m’chipululu, ndipo monga momwe zinaliri muukapolo – akapolo ena anafuna kukhalabe. pansi pa goli la ambuye awo chifukwa cha mantha osadziwika -, kapena monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi anthu ambiri mu ubale wa tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka m'mabanja.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti ena mwa omwe amayanjana nawo amalembetsa mowona komanso mobisa pazokonda za Walmart Yathu - kuti Walmart ikuyenera kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino, ndi ulemu, mabwenzi - komabe, amawopa kuyankhula momasuka. Monga Hocker ndi Wilmot (2014) akutsimikizira kuti, “munthu […] Izi zikutsimikiziridwa m'mawu ena omwe anzawo a Walmart adanena panthawi yofunsa mafunso. "Ndili pano chifukwa cha ana anga, apo ayi, ndikadachoka ku Walmart kapena kulowa nawo Walmart yathu kuti tizimenyera ufulu wathu." “Monga ocheza nawo waganyu, ngati mudandaula kapena kufotokoza maganizo anu ponena za mmene amakuchitirani ndi kunyozeredwa, maola anu adzakhala ochepa, ndipo mungakhale wotsatira kuchotsedwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ndimakonda kukhala chete kuti ndisunge ntchito yanga. ” Kugonjera kapena kuvomereza malamulo odana ndi mgwirizano wa Walmart ndichizoloŵezi chofala kwa mabwenzi ambiri. Barbara Gertz, wogulitsa Walmart usiku ku Denver, akuti Greenhouse (163) adanena kuti: "Anthu akuwopa kuvotera mgwirizano chifukwa akuwopa kuti sitolo yawo idzatsekedwa" (Para. 2015).
Panjira yolankhulirana iyi, kunali kofunikanso kudziwa momwe malo okhalamo angathandizire pa mikangano ya Walmart-Associates. Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti njira yolumikizirana yolumikizirana kapena kukakamiza idagwiritsidwa ntchito "kuchepetsa kutayika" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 163). Kwa omwe amathandizirana nawo, kugonjera ndikoyipa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi kujowina Walmart Yathu zomwe zingapangitse kuti ntchito ithe. Ngakhale kuti Walmart akhoza kukhutitsidwa pakapita nthawi pamene oyanjana nawowa akumvera, m'kupita kwanthawi, pangakhale mtundu wina wa mkwiyo ndi chidwi chochepa pa ntchito yawo zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa ntchito yawo yonse.
Kusokoneza:
Kafukufuku wathu akuwululanso kuti kuwonjezera pa kupewa ndi kulamulira njira zolankhulirana ndi mikangano zomwe Walmart amagwiritsa ntchito, bungweli lapanga zisankho zosokoneza zomwe cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo wa anzawo, kupulumutsa nkhope, ndikumanganso chidaliro ndi mbiri kwa anthu. diso. Izi zochititsa mantha zikuphatikizapo:
- kuwongolera machitidwe ake popatsa antchito ena ndandanda yokhazikika sabata iliyonse-ogwira ntchito ambiri adadandaula kuti ndandanda yawo yantchito imasintha kwambiri sabata ndi sabata (Greenhouse, 2015);
- kuvomereza kukweza malipiro ake oyambira ku $ 9 mu 2015 ndi $ 10 mu 2016 - kusuntha komwe kungatanthauze kukweza antchito a 500,000 (Greenhouse,, 2015);
- kuwonjezera zake Open Door Policy powonetsetsa kuti "... wothandizana nawo, nthawi iliyonse, pamlingo uliwonse, kulikonse, atha kulankhulana mwamawu kapena molemberana ndi membala aliyense wa oyang'anira mpaka Purezidenti, molimba mtima, osawopa kubwezera ..." (Walmart Labor Relations Team , 1997, tsamba 5);
- kuyambitsa njira yolumikizirana yophatikizika komanso yodalirika kwa onse oyang'anira ndi othandizira pakukonzanso intranet ndikuyambitsa walmartone.com mu Seputembala 2012 (Kass, 2012);
- kulipira mamiliyoni a chipukuta misozi chifukwa chowaneneza tsankho, kuchotsedwa ntchito mosaloledwa kwa mamembala ena a Walmart Yathu, ndi kuphwanya malamulo a ntchito monga kuphwanya malamulo amalipiro, chisamaliro chaumoyo chosakwanira, kudyera masuku pamutu ogwira ntchito, komanso malingaliro odana ndi mgwirizano wa ogulitsa malonda (Kulungamitsidwa kwa Malo Ogwirira Ntchito, 2016; Riper, 2005);
- kutenga njira zambiri zowonjezeretsa kusiyana kwa antchito m'bungwe;
- kukhazikitsa Ofesi ya Global Ethics ku Bentonville, Arkansas, yomwe imapanga ndikuphunzitsa onse oyang'anira ndi othandizana nawo za malamulo a Walmart wamakhalidwe abwino, komanso imapereka dongosolo / ndondomeko yachinsinsi kwa mabwenzi kuti afotokoze zomwe "akuwona kuti zikhoza kukhala zophwanya makhalidwe abwino, ndondomeko kapena lamulo” (Global Ethics Office, www.walmartethics.com.
Pokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za kusagwirizana kuchokera kumbali ina ya kanjirako, nkofunika kuzindikira kuti Walmart Wathu ndi bwenzi lake, United Food and Commercial Workers, asiya njira zake zowononga ndi zowononga, mwa zina monga chizindikiro cha malonda. -kubweza china chake ku Walmart, ndipo makamaka pofuna kutsata malamulo a khoti (Onani zowonjezera za malamulo a khoti). Kugwirizana kofunikira komanso kofunika kwambiri komwe kuli koyenera kuwunikira mu lipoti lomaliza la kafukufukuyu ndi chisankho chadzidzidzi chomwe Walmart Wathu adapanga kuti asiye kukambirana "mapangano m'malo mwa ogwira ntchito ku Walmart, koma m'malo mwake ayang'ane kwambiri kuthandiza "mamembala kupindula ndi malamulo a federal ogwira ntchito omwe amateteza. ogwira ntchito kubwezera chifukwa chokambirana pamodzi ndi kuchitapo kanthu "(Steven Greenhouse, 2011). Kudzipereka kosakhala ngati mgwirizano woimira anzawo a Walmart kumawonekera m'malamulo omwe Walmart yathu idalemba patsamba lake ndi masamba ochezera a pa intaneti: "UFCW ndi OUR Walmart ali ndi cholinga chothandizira ogwira ntchito ku Walmart monga aliyense payekhapayekha kapena magulu pochita nawo. Walmart pa ufulu wa ogwira ntchito ndi miyezo ndi kuyesetsa kwawo kuti a Walmart adzipereke poyera kuti azitsatira ufulu wa ogwira ntchito ndi miyezo. UFCW ndi OUR Walmart alibe cholinga chofuna kuti Walmart azindikire kapena kuchita malonda ndi UFCW kapena OUR Walmart ngati nthumwi ya antchito ake” (Walmart Yathu, Chodzikanira Pamalamulo: http://forrespect.org/). Monga zisankho zochulukirapo, Walmart yathu yavomera kusiya izi:
- “kulowa kapena mkati mwa malo achinsinsi a Walmart kuti achite zinthu monga kulanda, kulondera, kulondera, kuwonera, ziwonetsero, 'magulu a anthu,' kutumiza ndalama, kupempha, ndi kukangana ndi oyang'anira; kapena
- kulowa kapena mkati mwa malo achinsinsi a Walmart popanda chilolezo kapena chilolezo kuchokera ku Walmart pazifukwa zilizonse kupatula kugula kapena kugula zinthu za Walmart” (Worker Center Watch: Founding, Retrieved from http://workercenterwatch.com; Khoti la Benton County, Arkansas Civil Division, 2013).
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yololera yopangidwa ndi Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu ndi othandizana nawo ndi mawonekedwe a njira yolumikizirana kapena mikangano. Popanga zosagwirizana zomwe tafotokozazi, onse a Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu "akuganiza kuti njira yopambana / yopambana sizingatheke ndikukhala ndi zokambirana zomwe zimaphatikizapo kupambana pang'ono komanso kutayika pang'ono polemekeza zolinga ndi maubwenzi. za maphwando omwe akukhudzidwa, mokopa komanso mwachinyengo zomwe zikulamulira kalembedwe” (Katz et al., 2011, p. 83). Pambuyo poganizira za kusamvana kumeneku, kunali kofunika kufufuza ngati kalembedwe kameneka kamakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri kwa magulu awiri akuluakulu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mkanganowu kusiyana ndi mikangano ina iliyonse, mwachitsanzo, kalembedwe ka mgwirizano kapena mgwirizano. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti zomwe zili pamwambazi zidangothandiza 'kulimbitsa mphamvu ... zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zithetsedwe kwakanthawi kapena koyenera pakanthawi kochepa” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, pp. 162) kuyambira njira zina - kupewa, kulamulira, ndi malo ogona - analephera kuyimitsa kaye mkanganowo.
Komabe, popeza kunyengerera kumatha kuwoneka ngati chizindikiro chakutaika, ndikupatsidwa kuti Walmart yathu sangafune kusiya mosavuta zomwe amazitcha. kulimbana kwa ufulu wa anthu, mkanganowo tsopano ukhoza kufotokozedwa kuti ukuyenda pang'onopang'ono kufika pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri pa makwerero ake okwera. Ndipo kuwonjezera apo, zikuwoneka kuti maphwandowo akukakamira muzochita zankhondo izi kapena afika "ozizira mumayendedwe amikangano m'malo mokulitsa kusinthasintha kwa kalembedwe" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, pp. 184-185). Funso lina lomwe linatuluka kuchokera ku zoyankhulana ndi kafukufuku wa zolemba zakale ndilo: chifukwa chiyani maphwando akuchita zomwezo mobwerezabwereza kuyambira kuwonekera kwa mkanganowu? Kodi nchifukwa ninji amaumitsidwa kuti agwire maudindo awo popanda chizindikiro cha kusinthasintha? Chifukwa chiyani Walmart salolera kusiya nkhondo yake yotsutsana ndi mgwirizano? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani Walmart Wathu salolera kusiya kampeni yake yolimbana ndi Walmart? Zotsatira zafukufuku zimasonyeza kuti yankho labwino kwambiri la mafunsowa liri mu kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro a mphamvu, ufulu ndi zofuna (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 108 - p. 110). Zinapezeka kuti cholinga cha mkanganowu chasintha kuchoka ku zofuna kupita ku ufulu ndiyeno kupita ku mphamvu; ndi chikhalidwe chowonjezereka cha mkangano wa Walmart-Our Walmart chimatsimikizira kuti "kugogomezera kwambiri mphamvu ndi chizindikiro cha dongosolo losautsika" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 110).
Kugwirizana kapena Kugwirizana:
Ndiye zomwe zikuyenera kuchitika kuti zisinthe gudumu za kukangana uku? Anthu ambiri angafulumire kunena kuti kubwezeretsa ufulu wa ogwira nawo ntchito a Walmart kudzera m'malamulo ovomerezeka ndikofunikira kuti athetse mkanganowo. Kutengera zomwe zapeza mu kafukufukuyu, ndikukhulupirira kuti njira zoyendetsera mikangano ndizofunika chifukwa mkanganowu umakhudzanso nkhani zaufulu monga tsankho, kuphwanya malamulo ogwira ntchito, ndi zina zamalamulo. Komabe, chifukwa cha ubale wautali womwe umakhalapo pakati pa olemba anzawo ntchito ndi antchito awo, njira zozikidwa paufulu sizokwanira kuthetsa mavuto omwe ali mumkangano wa Walmart-Associates. Pachifukwa ichi, akulangizidwa mu kafukufukuyu kuti asinthe kutsindika kuchokera ku mphamvu ndi ufulu kutsata zokonda zothetsa mikangano. Monga momwe Hocker ndi Wilmot (2014) amanenera, “pamene tithetsa mkangano potengera zofuna, zolinga ndi zokhumba za maguluwo ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri … ndi ufulu ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito zing’onozing’ono koma zofunikabe” (tsamba 109).
Koma, kodi njira yolankhulirana yozikidwa pa zokonda yagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi omwe ali mumkanganowu? Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kudzera m'mafunso, maphunziro a zakale ndi njira zina zofufuzira zomwe zimapanga maziko omwe lipoti lomalizali lakhazikitsidwa zawonetsa kuti Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu sanasinthebe kukhala njira yolumikizirana kapena yolumikizirana. Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu ndi othandizana nawo sanatengebe "kupambana / kupambana" komwe kumatsimikizira kuti "onse omwe ali pa mkangano akwaniritsa zolinga zawo [ndikuchita] osati m'malo mwa awo kudzikonda koma mmalo mwa zofuna za chipani chotsutsa” (Katz et al., 2011, p. 83). Ngakhale kafukufukuyu akuvomereza zoyesayesa zomwe Walmart adachita popanga ofesi ya Global Ethics, dongosolo lomwe cholinga chake ndi kupereka malipoti achinsinsi komanso osadziwika komanso kuthandiza anzawo kufotokoza nkhawa zawo ndikulankhula za kuphwanya komwe kukuwoneka kapena kuphwanya kwenikweni kwa machitidwe ndi mfundo. (Global Ethics Office, www.walmartethics.com); ndipo ngakhale zomwe kafukufukuyu adapeza zimakumbukira momwe Walmart adasinthira pakulimbitsa kwake Tsegulani Khomo ndondomeko, dongosolo ndi ndondomeko yomwe imalimbikitsa chikhalidwe chogwira ntchito chomwe chimalimbikitsa wogwirizanitsa aliyense kufotokoza maganizo awo ndi malingaliro awo kwa otsogolera popanda kuopa kubwezera (Walmart Labor Relations Team, 1997). Ndilo mkangano wa kafukufukuyu kuti mfundo zonse za Global Ethics ndi Open Door sizikuwonetseratu kulemberana pamodzi kwa yankho lomwe limayang'anizana ndi zovuta zomwe zili mumkangano wa Walmart - Associates.
Pakafukufukuyu, panalibe chidziwitso chokhudza nthawi yomwe Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu adalemba nawo njira yothetsera mavuto pogwiritsa ntchito "kuthetsa mavuto" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 165). Chifukwa chake, njira kapena dongosolo lomwe Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu ndi othandizana nawo angagwirizanitse polemba njira yothetsera mikangano yawo - njira yolumikizirana yomwe ingakwaniritse zokonda ndi zosowa za onse awiri - iyenera kukhala yofunika kwambiri pamtendere uliwonse / kulowererapo kwa mikangano m'bungweli, ndipo liyenera kukhala lamwayi ndikulandiridwa ndi utsogoleri ndi kasamalidwe ka Walmart.
Kapangidwe ka Gulu
Kuti bungwe lizigwira ntchito, liyenera kukhala ndi dongosolo la bungwe. Bungwe liyenera kukhazikitsidwa motere kuti lithandizire kukwaniritsa zosowa ndi zolinga zomwe lidapangidwira. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi dongosolo la bungwe la Walmart. Ndi cholinga cha kupulumutsa anthu ndalama kuti akhale ndi moyo wabwino, Mapangidwe a bungwe la Walmart atha kufotokozedwa kuti ndi otsogola komanso ogwira ntchito (Jessica Lombardo, 2015).
Kapangidwe kabungwe ka Walmart kuli ngati piramidi pomwe wogwira ntchito aliyense amakhala ndi wamkulu wosankhidwa, kupatula Purezidenti ndi CEO wa Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., udindo womwe udali ndi Doug McMillon panthawi ya kafukufukuyu. Purezidenti ndi CEO, komabe, amalandira chitsogozo ndi chithandizo kuchokera ku Board of Directors. Zotsatira zafukufuku zidawululira kukhalapo kwa mizere yoyima ya kulamula ndi ulamuliro (Jessica Lombardo, 2015) mkati mwa dongosolo la bungwe la Walmart lomwe limalola njira yolumikizirana pamwamba-pansi. "Malangizo ndi ntchito zochokera kumagulu apamwamba a kayendetsedwe ka Walmart zimayendetsedwa kupyolera mwa mamenejala apakati mpaka ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi maudindo m'masitolo a Walmart" (Jessica Lombardo, 2015, para. 3). Izi zikutanthauza kuti oyanjana nawo a Walmart ali polandila, ali pa mphamvu yotsikitsitsa mzere wachikoka. Kodi tanthauzo lachitsanzo ichi cha Walmart ndi chiyani? Zikutanthauza kuti "ngati anthu otsika mphamvu nthawi zonse akuchitiridwa nkhanza kapena kusowa zolinga, iwo akhoza kupanga kukana mwadongosolo kwa anthu apamwamba" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 165). Mawu awa akuyambitsa kulimbana komwe kukukulirakulira kwa anzawo a Walmart kuti agwirizane. Kugwirizanitsa, amakhulupirira, kungakhale njira yowonjezera ndi kulinganiza mphamvu.
(Jacob Morgan, 2015)
Kuphatikiza pa kapangidwe kake kautsogoleri, Walmart imagwiritsanso ntchito mawonekedwe abungwe. Iyi ndi njira yotengera luso la kasamalidwe. Monga momwe mawu oti magwiridwe antchito amasonyezera, ogwira ntchito omwe ali ndi luso lofanana amasanjidwa pamodzi kuti akwaniritse ntchito zawo zapadera ndikupereka malipoti kwa oyang'anira mayunitsi awo omwe amaperekanso malipoti kwa oyang'anira awo muulamuliro. Ichi ndichifukwa chake Walmart adasankha maudindo a Purezidenti ndi CEO pagawo lililonse la magawo anayi abizinesi yake: Walmart US, Walmart International, Sam's Club, ndi Global eCommerce. Aliyense wa Purezidenti ndi Atsogoleri Akuluakulu a magawo amabizinesiwa ali ndi udindo wamagawo ndi zigawo zawo, ndipo amayankha kwa Doug McMillon yemwe anali Purezidenti ndi CEO, WalMart Stores, Inc. pa nthawi ya kafukufukuyu ndipo ntchito yake idatsogozedwa. ndi zisankho za Board of Directors, ndi malingaliro ochokera kwa Ogawana nawo.
(Perez-Montesa, 2012)
Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, zimakhala zosavuta kumvetsetsa momwe ndondomeko zatsopano, njira ndi malangizo ochokera ku likulu angapatsidwe kwa oyang'anira pamagulu osiyanasiyana kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kudzera mu ntchito ya ola limodzi pamunsi pa mzere wa mphamvu ya mphamvu. Funso lomwe kafukufukuyu adafuna kuyankha linali: Kodi mayanjano a Walmart amadziwona bwanji mu ubale wawo ndi oyang'anira awo? Kodi malingaliro awo okhudza mphamvu ku Walmart ndi chiyani? Kodi malingaliro awo, malingaliro, malingaliro, machitidwe ndi machitidwe ndi mameneja awo amapangidwa ndi kumvetsetsa mphamvu monga osankhidwa - mphamvu zoperekedwa ndi udindo wa munthu kuntchito, mwachitsanzo, woyang'anira kapena wothandizira ola limodzi -; kapena kugawira - ndiko kuti, mphamvu monga ulamuliro -; kapena kuphatikiza - "mawonedwe a ubale wa mphamvu" poyang'ana pa "onse / ndi" mfundo yomwe imavomereza kufunikira kwa munthu aliyense muubwenzi, ndipo aliyense ali ndi zomwe angapereke (onani Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 105)?
Ngakhale chikhalidwe cha bungwe la Walmart chimatsindika kufunikira kwa kuphatikiza njira yolumikizirana ndi mphamvu, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku maphunziro osungira zakale, zoyankhulana ndi kafukufuku wina wowunikira zidawonetsa kuti anzawo a Walmart amakonda kuzindikira ubale wawo ndi oyang'anira osati monga kuphatikiza,koma ngati kugawira - zomwe ndi nkhanza osankhidwa mphamvu. Pafupifupi anthu onse omwe anafunsidwa amamva kuti oyang'anira awo akuwalamulira, zomwe zingatanthauzidwe ngati kukakamiza "kukhala ndi mphamvu zochepa (Siefkes, 2010, monga tafotokozera mu Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 105).
Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa m'bungwe sangathe kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo popanda thandizo linalake, lingaliro loti agwirizanitse mayanjano akuwoneka ngati njira ina kwa ambiri omwe amalumikizana ndi Walmart, chifukwa chake chiyambi cha mgwirizano kapena mgwirizano pakati pa Walmart Yathu ndi gulu lake. othandizira.
Emerging Coalitions kapena Mgwirizano
Pali njira ziwiri zosiyana zomvetsetsa migwirizano yosiyanasiyana yomwe idatuluka mumkangano wa Walmart-Associates. Choyamba ndikuwerenga, kuzindikira, ndikulemba migwirizano yomwe ikuthandizira chipani chilichonse pamkanganowu. Chachiwiri ndikuwunika migwirizano iyi kuchokera ku mbiri yakale ndi cholinga chomvetsetsa momwe migwirizano iyi idayambira kuchokera ku zomwe zinali dyadi mkangano - mkangano pakati pa Walmart ndi anzawo - mpaka pakupanga "kukangana katatu" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 229) pamene United Food and Commercial Workers adalowererapo kuti athandize omwe akugwirizana nawo muzochita zawo za mgwirizano, ndiyeno kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano wamagulu angapo kumbali zonse ziwiri za kanjira. Ngakhale njira yoyamba ndi yoyenera kuwonetsera kwa PowerPoint, njira yachiwiri ndi yabwino kwambiri pakufufuza kolemba. Kafukufukuyu, komabe, akufuna kutenga njira yapakati polemba migwirizano ikuluikulu yomwe ikukhudzidwa ndi mkanganowu ndipo potengera zomwe zapezazo zikufotokoza mwachidule momwe migwirizanoyi inayambira.
| Mikangano Dyad Maphwando | Walmart Associates | Walmart |
|---|---|---|
| Mamembala a Conflict Triangle | Oimira a Pro-Unionization Associates, ndi Othandizira ena achidwi | Walmart ndi Othandizira Ena Othandizira |
| Mgwirizano / Mgwirizano | Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (WATHU Walmart, bungwe la Walmart Associates, lolembedwa ndi Walmart Associates, la Walmart Associates.) | Walmart |
| Wothandizira Primary Coalition | United Food and Commerce Workers (UFCW) kudzera mu kampeni yake, 'Making Change ku Walmart' | Walmart |
| Othandizira a Sekondale Coalition | Service Employees International Union (SEIU); Mabungwe a Ufulu Wachibadwidwe; Magulu a Civic ndi Community; ndi Magulu a Zipembedzo, ndi zina zotero. Kuti mupeze mndandanda wathunthu, onani zowonjezera. | Woyang'anira Center Worker; Akuluakulu ena osankhidwa; ndi mabungwe ena omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi anthu. |
Mgwirizano womwe watchulidwa patebulo pamwambapa udayamba kuchokera ku zomwe poyamba zinali mkangano pakati pa Walmart ndi anzawo ena, makamaka omwe, chifukwa cha kusalungama, kuzunzidwa, kusalemekeza, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu molakwika kwa oyang'anira, ndi zina. kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ndi ntchito, adaganiza zogwirizanitsa mphamvu ndi kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Pamene mkanganowu unkapitirira, ndi kupatsidwa mphamvu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi machitidwe oyankhulana ndi kayendetsedwe ka bungwe mkati mwa Walmart, oyanjana nawo ola limodzi adakumana ndi chisankho chomenyera mgwirizano kapena kutaya ntchito ndikukumana ndi zilango zina. Mchitidwe wolamulira, wopondereza wa oyang'anira a Walmart komanso kusowa kwa ufulu wolankhula zomwe zili mugulu la akuluakulu a bungwe la Walmart zidapangitsa mayanjano ena kukhala chete pakulimbana kwa mgwirizano.
Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yamakona atatu - mgwirizano woyamba wa abwenzi a Walmart pakati ndi kudutsa masitolo a Walmart. Mgwirizano wokulirapo komanso wamphamvu udakhazikitsidwa mu Novembala 2010 ndikukhazikitsidwa mu Juni 2011, ndipo zolimbana zam'mbuyomu ndi zolimbikitsa mgwirizano wamayanjano a Walmart zidasinthidwanso ndikutsitsimutsidwa pansi pa ambulera ya Organisation United for Respect ku Walmart (WAlmart YATHU). Izi "zidawonetsa kutulutsidwa kwa boma kwa Our Walmart, komwe kudachitika ndi msonkhano wapachaka wa Walmart ndi anzawo khumi ndi awiri a Walmart, omwe kale anali othandizana nawo komanso mamembala amgwirizano adachita msonkhano ... /workercenterwatch.com). Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti Walmart yathu imalandira ndalama zake zazikulu ndi thandizo kuchokera ku United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), ngakhale mamembala a Our Walmart amalipira umembala wa $ 5 mwezi uliwonse.
Kumbali ina ya kanjira, Walmart yakopanso thandizo la anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi chidwi. Chifukwa chaukali wa Walmart motsutsana ndi mabungwe, komanso mfundo zake zoyankhulirana momasuka, mabungwe ngati Worker Center Watch - omwe cholinga chawo ndikuwulula zolinga zoyipa za mabungwe, komanso akuluakulu ena osankhidwa, ndi anthu ena omwe ali ndi chidwi. , adachita nawo chithandizo ndi kuteteza Walmart.
Zokonda zosiyanasiyana zomwe wothandizira mgwirizano aliyense wabweretsa mumkangano wa Walmart-Associates zimathandizira kwambiri pakuvuta komanso kusasunthika kwa mikangano. Kupanga machitidwe othetsera mikangano ndi njira zomwe sizidzangoganizira zofuna (za) za okhudzidwawa, komanso zidzasintha mkangano, maphwando okhudzidwa, ndi bungwe lonse, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pa gawo lotsatira.
Dispute Systems Design
Kupanga kuchokera m'gawo lapitalo la kafukufukuyu pomwe ndidasanthula njira zosiyanasiyana zoyankhulirana ndi mikangano - kupewa, kulamulira (kupikisana kapena kuwongolera), kukakamiza (kugona), kunyengerera, ndi kuphatikiza (kugwirizanitsa) -, gawoli, kapangidwe ka mikangano, ikufuna kwaniritsani ntchito zotsatirazi: kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya machitidwe owongolera kusamvana ndi njira kapena njira zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa Walmart; kuunika mphamvu ndi/kapena zofooka za mchitidwe wapano wa kasamalidwe ka mikangano; kuwunika momwe bungwe lingakhudzire zoyesayesa zothetsera kusamvana; ndipo potsirizira pake amalangiza kuti njira yoyenera ndi yokhazikika ya mikangano ipangidwe kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ku Walmart.
Njira ndi Njira Zomwe Zilipo Zothetsera Mikangano
Njira yatsopano ya mikangano isanayambe kapena ndondomeko yoyenera pa mkangano wa Walmart-Associates isanapangidwe kapena kupangidwa ndi oyambitsa mikangano, ndikofunikira kuti choyamba tizindikire ndi kuvomereza "zochita zachizoloŵezi" zomwe zilipo (Rogers, Bordone, Sander, and McEwen, 2013) Kuthetsa mikangano ku Walmart. Zapezeka ndi okonza machitidwe a mikangano kuti kulephera "kutengera machitidwewa [kudzaika] kupambana kwa mapangidwewo pangozi" (Rogers et al., 2013, p. 88). Pazifukwa izi, ndikulingalira kuti ndiwunikenso njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mikangano zomwe Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu agwiritsa ntchito komanso / kapena akugwiritsa ntchito pano kuthana ndi mikangano yawo. Zina mwa njirazi zafotokozedwa ndikukambidwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo la Kuyankhulana ndi Mikangano ya mutu uno. Cholinga changa m'chigawochi ndikulongosola ndi kufotokoza mwachidule machitidwe ndi ndondomekozi, ndikufotokozera momwe amagwirira ntchito, kaya ndi zachinsinsi, zokakamizidwa, zodalirika ndi maphwando, ndipo zingatheke kuti zigwirizane.
Zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kudzera m'mafunso, kafukufuku wazakale komanso kafukufuku wowonera zidawonetsa kuti njira zothetsera mikangano zomwe zalembedwa patebulo ili m'munsizi zagwiritsidwa ntchito mumkangano wa Walmart-Associates. Zina mwa izo zikugwiritsidwa ntchito panopa.
| System | Open Door Communications | Ofesi Yapadziko Lonse Yamakhalidwe Abwino Ikukweza Nkhawa & Kulankhula Pa intaneti | Kuwombera | Kuweruza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| njira | Ndondomeko yamkati yomwe imapezeka m'masitolo a Walmart ndi m'maofesi onse, "The Open Door Communications process ndiyo njira yolunjika kwambiri yofotokozera nkhawa iliyonse kwa woyang'anira" pa sitolo iliyonse ya Walmart. | Ntchito yamkati ku Walmart yomwe cholinga chake chinali "kudziwitsa anthu za mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino ndikupereka njira kwa okhudzidwa kuti afotokozere Walmart nkhawa zamakhalidwe. Imapereka njira yoperekera malipoti mwachinsinsi komanso osadziwika" (Walmart Global Ethics Office, yotengedwa kuchokera ku www.walmartethics.com) | "Njira yothetsera mikangano yomwe imaphatikizapo kuthandizidwa ndi munthu wina kuti apange zisankho kwa anthu osamvana za momwe mkangano ungathetsedwe pamene magulu sangathe kukwaniritsa mgwirizano paokha" (Moore, 2014, p. 10). ). Pakuchita izi, Walmart ndi Walmart Yathu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito ntchito za National Labor Relations Board (NLRB). | Njira yakunja, yochirikizidwa ndi boma, ndi ya anthu. Kuweruza ndi njira yoweluza milandu yomwe “imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira ndi njira zothanirana ndi mikangano zokhazikitsidwa ndi mabungwe komanso zothandizidwa mokulirapo, komanso kulowererapo kwa akuluakulu odziwika omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndi ufulu wopanga chigamulo chokhazikika. kuthetsa mkangano” (Moore, 2014, p. 11). |
| Momwe ntchito | Ndondomekoyi ikuwonetsetsa kuti "... wothandizana naye, nthawi iliyonse, pamlingo uliwonse, pamalo aliwonse, atha kulankhulana mwamawu kapena molemberana ndi membala aliyense wa oyang'anira mpaka Purezidenti, 'mwachikhulupiriro, osawopa kubwezera ... ” (Walmart Labor Relations Team, 1997, p. 5) . Pamene manijala akhudzidwa ndi vutoli, oyanjana nawo amafunika kukambirana za nkhaniyi ndi gawo lotsatira la kasamalidwe. | Global Ethics imapereka njira yoperekera malipoti pa intaneti komanso nambala yafoni (1-800-WM-ETHIC; 1-800-963-8442) kuti anzawo afotokoze nkhawa zawo nthawi yomweyo. kusankha kuchokera ku: zotsutsana ndi katangale, kusagwirizana kwa zofuna, tsankho, kukhulupirika pazachuma, ndi nkhanza.Associates angathenso kufotokoza za ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, nkhawa yokhudzana ndi maphunziro omwe alandira kapena kupempha kuti asamukire kudera lina.Nkhawa izi zimaperekedwa kwa Global Ethics Office kuti ifufuze ndi kuchitapo kanthu. | Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri, Walmart Wathu adapereka madandaulo otsutsa Walmart ku NLRB. Kuthetsa mikanganoyi, NLRB ikuchita njira zinayi zazikulu: 1) kufufuza milandu; 2) kuwongolera malo okhala; 3) kusankha milandu; ndi 4) kutsatiridwa kwa malamulo.Ngakhale kuti NLRB nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito kukangana, imagwiritsanso ntchito mkhalapakati ndipo nthawi zina amasamutsira milandu ku khoti lovomerezeka. | Walmart yathu ndi mamembala awo adasumira Walmart kangapo ndipo milandu ina yadzetsa kukhazikika, chindapusa kapena zilango zamalamulo zokwana madola mamiliyoni ambiri. mkati mwa masitolo a Walmart. |
| Chinsinsi | Mwachidziwitso, inde. | Inde. | Pamkhalapakati, ndondomekoyi ndi yachinsinsi. Koma zigamulo zina zimapezeka kwa anthu (Onani NLRB, www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions). | Izi ndizochitika zapagulu. |
| Zotsatira & Kukakamira | Zotsatira zimatengera chisankho cha manejala, ndipo nthawi zonse zimagwirizana ndi zolinga za oyang'anira, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Walmart Management. | Zotsatira zimadalira zisankho za Global Ethics Office, ndipo zimagwirizana ndi zolinga za Walmart. Zotsatira zimalimbikitsidwa ndi Walmart. | Zotsatira zake zimalimbikitsidwa ndi NLRB pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. | Inde, zotsatira zake zimalimbikitsidwa ndi boma. |
| Mulingo wa Kukhutira | Kukhutira kochepa kwa mabwenzi | Kukhutira kochepa kwa mabwenzi. | Kukhutitsidwa kwakukulu ndi Walmart Yathu. | Kukhutira kochepa kwa Walmart. |
| Mlingo wa Kukhulupirira mu Njirayi | Othandizana nawo alibe chidaliro pankhaniyi. Open Door Policy imalola wothandizira m'modzi ndi manejala m'modzi nthawi. Wothandizira saloledwa kutsagana ndi mnzake panthawi ya Open Door. | Othandizana nawo alibe chidaliro pankhaniyi ngakhale "Njira yothandizirayi imakhala ndi bungwe losagwirizana ndi Walmart. Wogwiritsa ntchitoyo adzatumiza uthengawo ku ofesi ya Global Ethics ndipo adzapatsa mnzakeyo nambala ya mlandu ndi tsiku loti adzayimbenso ngati angafune” (Walmart Global Ethics Office, 2016). | Onse awiri akuwoneka kuti ali ndi chidaliro mu NLRB. | Nthawi zina, maphwando sakhulupirira dongosolo lazamalamulo. |
Kuunika kwa Mphamvu ndi Zolepheretsa Zomwe Zilipo Pakuwongolera Kusamvana
Ngakhale kuti kafukufukuyu akuvomereza kufunikira kwa machitidwe ndi machitidwe monga National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) ndi ndondomeko yoweruza, akufuna kutsindika mfundo yakuti machitidwe ndi machitidwewa ndi otsutsana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo ndi machitidwe awo, ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa ufulu. -ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi mphamvu, ndipo osalabadira zofunikira ndi zofuna za abwenzi a Walmart zomwe, monga zawululidwa m'magawo apitawo, zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro la ulemu - chikhumbo chofuna kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wawo, kuchitiridwa bwino komanso mwachilungamo, ndi kulemekezedwa ndi mamenejala. Pofuna kuthana ndi zosowa ndi zokonda zomwe zimayambitsa mkanganowu, ndikofunikira kuti dongosolo ndi njira yolumikizirana yomwe imadaliridwa ndi abwenzi a Walmart iyenera kukhazikitsidwa ku Walmart. Monga momwe kafukufuku amasonyezera, njira zoyankhulirana zomwe zilipo komanso njira zothetsera kusamvana - makamaka mfundo ya Open Door ndi Global Ethics yodzutsa nkhawa & chida choyankhulira pa intaneti - zikadakhala zida zofunika kwambiri zopewera, kuthetsa, ndikusintha mikangano pakati pa anzawo. , pakati pa oyanjana ndi oyang'anira, ndi pakati pa oyang'anira apakati ndi atsogoleri apamwamba, ngati machitidwewa anali owonekera bwino, odalirika ndi okhudzidwa, makamaka oyanjana nawo, komanso osagwirizana ndi, ndi omwe ali kunja, maudindo a bungwe.
Momwe mungasinthire mzere kapena njira yolankhulirana potengera njira yothanirana ndi mikangano mkati mwa Walmart ikadali vuto lomwe wopanga machitidwe amikangano ayenera kuthana nalo kuti athe kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa Walmart. Ndipo kusinthaku kuyenera kuyamba poganizira momwe bungwe lomwe lidalipo likukhudzira kuyesetsa kuthetsa kusamvana komwe kulipo pakati pa Walmart ndi anzawo okhudzana ndi mgwirizano.
Zotsatira za Walmart's Organizational Structure pa Zoyesayesa Kuthetsa Mkangano
Kuti mupange dongosolo ndi / kapena njira yomwe ingakwaniritse zosowa za Walmart ndi anzawo, ndikofunikiranso kuyang'ana momwe dongosolo la bungwe limakhudzira zoyeserera zomwe zikuchitika. M'gawo lapitalo, zadziwika kuti utsogoleri wa Walmart ndi kasamalidwe kameneka amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. ndi kutsika. Maganizo olakwikawa amawonjezeredwa ndi njira yolankhulirana yomwe yafotokozedwa m'gawo lapitalo. Vuto lomwe wopanga dongosolo la mikangano angakumane nalo ku Walmart ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mphamvu pakati pa ogwirizana ndi oyang'anira Walmart.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe apamwamba a Walmart adapanga mlengalenga momwe mamenejala ena amapangira "mphamvu ngati yogawa" (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 105), lingaliro la "mphamvu yopitilira kapena yotsutsa," kapena kuyika mosiyana, "kaya/kapena" kawonedwe ka mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, manijala akauza mnzake amene watsala pang’ono kutha ntchito kumapeto kwa nthawi ya ntchito kuti: “Mungakhalebe n’kuthandiza kwa ola limodzi lowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, kugwira ntchito mopitirira nthawi) kapena mukhoza kuchotsedwa ntchito tsiku lotsatira. ” Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mabwenzi ambiri adzutsa madandaulo ponena za kulamulidwa, kusalemekezedwa, ndi kuchitiridwa nkhanza. Chifukwa cha zolinga za nthawi yayitali za ubale zomwe zilipo pakati pa anzawo ndi owalemba ntchito, Walmart, kafukufukuyu amalimbikitsa kuti malingaliro a "mwina / kapena" pa mphamvu akhale oyenera ndi "mphamvu zophatikizira, zonse / ndi mphamvu, mphamvu ndi, kapena mgwirizano. ” (Hocker ndi Wilmot, 2014, p. 131). Chitsanzo chophatikizira cha kugawana mphamvu ndi njira yabwino yoperekera mphamvu kwa oyanjana nawo pansi pa mzere woyankhulirana ndi chikoka cha mphamvu, kuwalimbikitsa kuti azikhala otanganidwa, ndipo potsirizira pake asinthe maganizo awo kuchokera ku mphamvu zapamwamba - mphamvu zochepa za mphamvu kupita ku chiyanjano cha ntchito zimakhazikika pa mfundo za kudalirana.
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Mafunso onse okhudza bukuli atumizidwe kwa mlembi, Basil Ugorji, Ph.D., Purezidenti ndi CEO, International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation, New York. Kafukufukuyu adachitika mu Chilimwe cha 2016 ngati gawo la maphunziro a wolemba Dispute Systems Design ku dipatimenti ya Conflict Resolution Department ya Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
