Kuchita ndi Mbiri ndi Collective Memory mu Kuthetsa Mikangano
Kuchita ndi Mbiri ndi Memory Collective Memory in Conflict Resolution pa ICERM Radio yowulutsidwa Loweruka, June 25, 2016 @ 2 PM Eastern Time (New York).
Kuyankhulana / kukambirana kumayang'ana kwambiri "momwe mungathanirane ndi mbiri komanso kukumbukira pamodzi pakuthetsa kusamvana."
Pambuyo pa zochitika zowopsya kapena zoopsa monga "zigawenga zinayi zomwe zinagwirizanitsa zomwe zinachitika ku United States of America m'mawa wa September 11, 2001 zomwe zinapha anthu pafupifupi 3,000 ochokera m'mayiko 93 ndikusiya anthu masauzande ambiri avulala," malinga ndi tsamba lachikumbutso la 9/11; kapena kuphana kwa fuko ku Rwanda mu 1994 kumene Atutsi pafupifupi 1966 mpaka miliyoni imodzi ndi Ahutu odziyimira pawokha anaphedwa ndi Ahutu onyanyira mkati mwa masiku zana limodzi, kuphatikiza pa azimayi pafupifupi 1970 mpaka mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu omwe anagwiriridwa pa nthawi ya nkhondo. miyezi itatu iyi yakupha anthu, komanso zikwi za anthu omwe anavulazidwa, ndipo mamiliyoni othawa kwawo anakakamizika kuthawa, kuphatikizapo kutaya katundu ndi kupwetekedwa maganizo ndi mavuto azaumoyo malinga ndi United Nations Department of Public Information, Outreach Program on the Kuphedwa kwa Rwanda ndi United Nations; kapena kupha anthu a ku Biafra mu XNUMX-XNUMX ku Nigeria isanayambe komanso pa nkhondo ya Nigeria-Biafra, nkhondo ya zaka zitatu yamagazi yomwe inatumiza anthu oposa milioni imodzi kumanda awo, kuphatikizapo mamiliyoni a anthu wamba, kuphatikizapo ana ndi akazi, omwe anamwalira. ku njala pa nthawi ya nkhondo; zikachitika zoopsa ngati izi, opanga mfundo nthawi zambiri amasankha kunena kapena kusapereka nkhani ya zomwe zidachitika.
Pankhani ya 9/11, pali mgwirizano kuti 9/11 iyenera kuphunzitsidwa m'makalasi aku US. Koma funso limene limabwera m’maganizo ndi lakuti: Kodi ndi nkhani kapena nkhani iti ya zimene zinachitika imene ikuperekedwa kwa ophunzira? Ndipo nkhani imeneyi imaphunzitsidwa bwanji m'masukulu aku US?
Pankhani ya kuphedwa kwa anthu a ku Rwanda, lamulo la maphunziro a pambuyo pa kuphedwa kwa fuko la boma la Rwanda lotsogozedwa ndi Paul Kagame likufuna "kuthetsa m'magulu a ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi ndi Ahutu, Atutsi, kapena a Twa," malinga ndi lipoti lotsogoleredwa ndi UNESCO. Osabwerezanso: Kukonzanso Maphunziro ku Rwanda ndi Anna Obura. Kuonjezera apo, boma la a Paul Kagame likukayika kulola kuti mbiri ya zigawenga za ku Rwanda ziphunzitsidwe m’sukulu.
Mofananamo, anthu ambiri a ku Nigeria amene anabadwa pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Nigeria-Biafra, makamaka awo ochokera kum’mwera chakum’maŵa kwa Nigeria, dziko la Biafra, akhala akufunsa chifukwa chake sanaphunzitsidwe mbiri ya Nkhondo ya Nigeria-Biafra kusukulu? Chifukwa chiyani nkhani ya Nkhondo ya ku Nigeria ndi Biafra idabisidwa pabwalo la anthu, kuchokera pamaphunziro asukulu?
Poyandikira mutuwu kuchokera ku maphunziro a mtendere, zokambiranazo zikuyang'ana mitu yofunika kwambiri m'buku la Dr. Duckworth, Kuphunzitsa Zokhudza Zowopsa: 9/11 ndi Collective Memory ku US Classrooms, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa pazochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi - makamaka kumangidwanso kwa maphunziro a Genocide ku Rwanda pambuyo pa 1994, ndi ndale za ku Nigeria zakuyiwala za nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Nigeria (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Nigeria-Biafra War).
Kuphunzitsa ndi kufufuza kwa Dr. Duckworth kumayang'ana pa kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe, ndale ndi zachuma zomwe zimayambitsa nkhondo ndi ziwawa. Nthawi zonse amakambitsirana ndikupereka zokambirana za kukumbukira mbiri yakale, maphunziro amtendere, kuthetsa mikangano, ndi njira zofufuzira zapamwamba.
Zina mwa zofalitsa zake zaposachedwapa ndi Kuthetsa Mikangano ndi Scholarship of Engagementndipo Kuphunzitsa Zokhudza Zowopsa: 9/11 ndi Collective Memory ku US Classrooms, yomwe imasanthula nkhani zomwe ophunzira amasiku ano akulandira za 9/11, ndi tanthauzo la izi pamtendere wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mikangano.
Dr. Duckworth pano ndi Mkonzi Wamkulu wa Journal ya Peace and Conflict Studies.
