Kukula kwa Chuma ndi Kuthetsa Mikangano kudzera mu Ndondomeko Ya Anthu: Maphunziro ochokera ku Niger Delta yaku Nigeria
Malingaliro Oyamba
M'mabungwe a capitalist, chuma ndi msika zakhala zowunikira kwambiri pokhudzana ndi chitukuko, kukula, komanso kufunafuna chitukuko ndi chisangalalo. Komabe, lingaliroli likusintha pang’onopang’ono makamaka pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala pamodzi ndi zolinga zake khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri za Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS). Ngakhale kuti zolinga zambiri zachitukuko zokhazikika zimakwaniritsa malonjezo a capitalism, zina mwazolinga zake ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukambirana kwa mfundo za mikangano yomwe ili mdera la Niger Delta ku Nigeria.
Mtsinje wa Niger ndi dera lomwe kuli mafuta ndi gasi ku Nigeria. Makampani ambiri amafuta amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapezeka ku Niger Delta, akutulutsa mafuta osapsa mogwirizana ndi dziko la Nigeria. Pafupifupi 70 % ya ndalama zonse zapachaka za ku Nigeria zimachokera ku kugulitsa mafuta ndi gasi ku Niger Delta, ndipo izi zimapanga 90% ya ndalama zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa pachaka. Ngati kuchotsa ndi kupanga mafuta ndi gasi sikusokonezedwa m'chaka chilichonse chachuma, chuma cha ku Nigeria chikukula ndikukula kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta kunja. Komabe, kuchotsa ndi kupanga mafuta kukasokonezedwa ku Niger Delta, kutumiza mafuta kumachepetsa, ndipo chuma cha ku Nigeria chimatsika. Izi zikuwonetsa momwe chuma cha Nigeria chikudalira pa Niger Delta.
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 mpaka chaka chino (ie 2017), pakhala mkangano wopitirira pakati pa anthu a Niger Delta ndi boma la Nigeria pamodzi ndi makampani amafuta amitundu yambiri chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchotsa mafuta. Zina mwazowonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kuipitsidwa kwa madzi, kusagwirizana pa kugawa chuma cha mafuta, kuchepetsedwa kowonekera ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Niger Deltans, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kovulaza kwa dera la Niger Delta. Nkhanizi zikuyimiridwa bwino ndi zolinga zachitukuko zokhazikika za United Nations zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi capitalism, kuphatikizapo koma osati ku cholinga 3 - thanzi labwino ndi thanzi; cholinga 6 - madzi oyera ndi ukhondo; cholinga 10 - kuchepetsa kusiyana; Cholinga cha 12 - kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera; cholinga 14 - moyo pansi pa madzi; cholinga 15 - moyo pamtunda; ndi cholinga 16 - mtendere, chilungamo ndi mabungwe amphamvu.
Pakuvutitsidwa kwawo ndi zolinga zachitukuko chokhazikika, amwenye a ku Niger Delta adasonkhana m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa omenyera ufulu wa Niger Delta komanso magulu a anthu ndi gulu la Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) lomwe linakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 1990 motsogozedwa ndi wolimbikitsa zachilengedwe, Ken Saro-Wiwa, yemwe, pamodzi ndi anthu ena asanu ndi atatu a Ogeni (omwe amadziwika kuti ndi Ogoni Nine), adaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ponyongedwa mu 1995 ndi boma lankhondo la General Sani Abacha. Magulu ena ankhondo akuphatikizapo Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) yomwe idakhazikitsidwa koyambirira kwa 2006 ndi Henry Okah, ndipo posachedwa, Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) yomwe idawonekera mu Marichi 2016, kulengeza zankhondo pakuyika mafuta ndi zida mkati mwa Chigawo cha Niger Delta. Kusokonekera kwa magulu awa a Niger Delta kudadzetsa kulimbana kwakukulu ndi apolisi komanso asitikali. Mikangano iyi idakula mpaka chiwawa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa malo opangira mafuta, kutayika kwa miyoyo, komanso kuyimitsa kupanga mafuta komwe kudayimitsa ndikupangitsa kuti chuma cha Nigeria chigwere mchaka cha 2016.
Pa April 27, 2017, CNN inaulutsa nkhani yolembedwa ndi Eleni Giokos pamutu wakuti: “Chuma cha Nigeria chinali ‘tsoka’ mu 2016. Kodi chaka chino chidzakhala chosiyana?” Lipotili likuwonetsanso zovuta zomwe mikangano ya ku Niger Delta ili nayo pachuma cha Nigeria. Ndicholinga cha pepalali kuwunikanso lipoti lankhani ya Giokos ya CNN. Ndemangayi ikutsatiridwa ndi kuunika kwa ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana zomwe boma la Nigeria lakhazikitsa kwa zaka zambiri pofuna kuthetsa mkangano wa Niger Delta. Mphamvu ndi zofooka za ndondomekozi zimawunikidwa potengera malingaliro ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi mfundo za anthu. Pamapeto pake, malingaliro amaperekedwa kuti athandizire kuthetsa kusamvana komwe kulipo mumtsinje wa Niger Delta.
Ndemanga ya Giokos' CNN News Report: "Chuma cha Nigeria chinali 'tsoka' mu 2016. Kodi chaka chino chidzakhala chosiyana?"
Lipoti la nkhani ya Giokos likuti zomwe zidayambitsa kugwa kwachuma ku Nigeria mu 2016 ndi kuukira kwa mapaipi amafuta kudera la Niger Delta. Malinga ndi lipoti la World Economic Outlook Projections lofalitsidwa ndi International Monetary Fund (IMF), chuma cha Nigeria chinatsika ndi -1.5 mu 2016. Kutsika kwachuma kumeneku kuli ndi zotsatira zowononga ku Nigeria: antchito ambiri anachotsedwa ntchito; mitengo ya katundu ndi ntchito inakwera kwambiri chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo; ndi ndalama yaku Nigeria - naira - idataya mtengo wake (pakali pano, kuposa 320 Naira yofanana ndi 1 Dollar).
Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kusiyanasiyana kwachuma cha Nigeria, nthawi iliyonse pakakhala ziwawa kapena kuwukira kwa kuyika mafuta ku Niger Delta - komwe kumayimitsa kutulutsa ndi kupanga mafuta -, chuma cha ku Nigeria chikhoza kutsika kwambiri. Funso lomwe liyenera kuyankhidwa ndilakuti: chifukwa chiyani boma la Nigeria ndi nzika zalephera kusiyanitsa chuma chawo? Kodi nchifukwa ninji gawo laulimi, makampani aukadaulo, mabizinesi ena opangira zinthu, zosangalatsa, ndi zina zotero, zanyalanyazidwa kwa zaka zambiri? Chifukwa chiyani kudalira mafuta ndi gasi? Ngakhale kuti mafunsowa sali ofunikira kwambiri papepalali, kulingalira ndi kuyankha kungapereke zida zothandiza ndi njira zothetsera mkangano wa Niger Delta, komanso kumanganso chuma cha Nigeria.
Ngakhale kuti chuma cha ku Nigeria chinalowa mu 2016, Giokos amasiya owerenga kukhala ndi chiyembekezo cha 2017. Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe osunga ndalama sayenera kuchita mantha. Choyamba, boma la Nigeria, litazindikira kuti kulowererapo kwa usilikali sikungathe kuyimitsa obwezera a Niger Delta kapena kuthandizira kuchepetsa mkangano, adatengera zokambirana ndi zisankho zopita patsogolo za ndondomeko kuti athetse mkangano wa Niger Delta ndikubwezeretsa mtendere m'deralo. Chachiwiri, ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito kuthetsa mkangano mwamtendere mwa kukambirana ndi kupanga ndondomeko zopita patsogolo, bungwe la International Monetary Fund (IMF) likulosera kuti chuma cha Nigeria chidzakhala ndi kukula kwa 0.8 mu 2017 zomwe zidzatulutse dzikoli kuchoka ku chuma. Chifukwa cha kukula kwachuma kumeneku ndi chifukwa kuchotsa mafuta, kupanga ndi kutumiza kunja kwayambiranso pambuyo poti boma lidayambitsa ndondomeko yothana ndi zofuna za Niger Delta Avengers.
Ndondomeko Zaboma Zokhudza Mikangano ya Niger Delta: Zakale ndi Zamakono
Kuti timvetsetse ndondomeko za boma zomwe zikuchitika ku Niger Delta, ndikofunika kuwunikanso ndondomeko za maulamuliro a boma lapitalo ndi maudindo awo pakukula kapena kuchepetsa mkangano wa Niger Delta.
Choyamba, maulamuliro osiyanasiyana aboma ku Nigeria adakhazikitsa mfundo yomwe idakomera kugwiritsa ntchito asitikali ndi kupondereza kuthana ndi zovuta za Niger Delta. Momwe gulu lankhondo limagwiritsidwira ntchito likhoza kukhala losiyana mu utsogoleri uliwonse, koma gulu lankhondo lakhala chisankho choyamba chothetsa ziwawa ku Niger Delta. Tsoka ilo, njira zokakamiza sizinagwirepo ntchito ku Niger Delta pazifukwa zingapo: kutayika kosafunikira kwa miyoyo kumbali zonse ziwiri; malo amakomera mtsinje wa Niger; zigawenga ndi zapamwamba kwambiri; Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwamafuta kumayamba; antchito ambiri ochokera kumayiko ena amabedwa akamamenyana ndi asilikali; ndipo chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito njira zankhondo ku Niger Delta kumatalikitsa mkangano womwe umalepheretsa chuma cha Nigeria.
Chachiwiri, kuti ayankhe ntchito za Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, wolamulira wankhanza panthawiyo komanso mkulu wa boma, General Sani Abacha, adakhazikitsa ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoletsa kuphedwa. Poweruza a Ogoni Nine kuti aphedwe ponyongedwa mu 1995 - kuphatikizapo mtsogoleri wa Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, Ken Saro-Wiwa, ndi anzake asanu ndi atatu - chifukwa cholimbikitsa kuphedwa kwa akuluakulu anayi a Ogoni omwe ankathandizira boma la feduro, boma lankhondo la Sani Abacha lidafuna kuletsa anthu aku Niger Delta kuti asapitirire chipwirikiti. Kuphedwa kwa Ogoni Nine kudadzudzulidwa padziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo sikunalepheretse anthu a ku Niger Delta kumenyera nkhondo yawo yomenyera chilungamo, zachuma komanso zachilengedwe. Kuphedwa kwa Ogoni Nine kudapangitsa kuti zovuta za Niger Delta zichuluke, ndipo pambuyo pake, kutuluka kwa magulu atsopano ankhondo ndi zigawenga mderali.
Chachitatu, kupyolera mu lamulo la congressional, Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) inakhazikitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa demokalase mu 2000 panthawi ya kayendetsedwe ka boma la Purezidenti Olusegun Obasanjo. Monga momwe dzina la komitiyi likusonyezera, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko yomwe ntchitoyi idakhazikitsidwa ikukhudzana ndi chilengedwe, kukhazikitsa ndi kusamalira ntchito zachitukuko zomwe zimafuna kuyankha zofunikira za anthu a ku Niger Delta - kuphatikizapo koma osati kokha ku chilengedwe ndi madzi. , kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa, ukhondo, ntchito, kutenga nawo mbali pazandale, zomangamanga zabwino, komanso zina mwa zolinga zachitukuko chokhazikika: thanzi labwino ndi thanzi, kuchepetsa kusagwirizana, kupanga ndi kugwiritsira ntchito moyenera, kulemekeza moyo pansi pa madzi, kulemekeza moyo pamtunda. , mtendere, chilungamo ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito.
Chachinayi, kuchepetsa zotsatira za ntchito za Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) pa chuma cha Nigeria, komanso kuyankha zofuna za Niger Deltans, boma la Purezidenti Umaru Musa Yar'Adua linachoka. kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhondo ndikupanga madongosolo achitukuko ndi kubwezeretsa chilungamo ku Niger Delta. Mu 2008, Unduna wa Zachuma ku Niger Delta udapangidwa kuti ukhale ngati bungwe logwirizanitsa mapologalamu achitukuko ndi kubwezeretsa chilungamo. Mapulogalamu achitukuko adayenera kuchitapo kanthu pazosowa zenizeni komanso zowoneka bwino pazachuma komanso kusalidwa, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kuwononga madzi, nkhani za ulova ndi umphawi. Pa pulogalamu ya chilungamo chobwezeretsa, Purezidenti Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, kudzera mu lamulo lake la June 26, 2009, adapereka chikhululukiro kwa zigawenga za Niger Delta. Omenyera nkhondo a Niger Delta adaponya zida zawo, adakonzedwanso, adalandira maphunziro aukadaulo ndi ntchito komanso ndalama zolipirira mwezi uliwonse kuchokera ku boma la feduro. Ena mwa iwo adapatsidwa ndalama zothandizira kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro awo monga gawo la phukusi lachikhululukiro. Pulogalamu yachitukuko ndi ndondomeko ya chilungamo chobwezeretsa zinali zofunika pobwezeretsa mtendere ku Niger Delta kwa nthawi yaitali zomwe zinalimbikitsa chuma cha Nigeria mpaka kutuluka kwa Niger Delta Avengers ku 2016.
Chachisanu, chigamulo choyamba cha ndondomeko ya kayendetsedwe ka boma - Purezidenti Muhammadu Buhari - ku Niger Delta chinali kuyimitsa ndondomeko ya chikhululukiro cha pulezidenti kapena ndondomeko ya chilungamo chobwezeretsa yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi maboma apitalo, ponena kuti pulogalamu yachikhululukiro imathandiza ndi kupereka mphotho kwa olakwa. Kusintha kwakukulu kotereku kumakhulupirira kuti ndiko chifukwa chachikulu cha nkhondo ya Niger Delta Avengers pa malo opangira mafuta ku 2016. Kuti ayankhe zovuta za Niger Delta Avengers ndi kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe adayambitsa pa kuika mafuta, boma la Buhari linaganizira za kugwiritsidwa ntchito. za kulowererapo kwa asitikali akukhulupirira kuti vuto la Niger Delta ndi vuto lalamulo ndi dongosolo. Komabe, pamene chuma cha Nigeria chinalowa pansi chifukwa cha ziwawa ku Niger Delta, ndondomeko ya Buhari pa mkangano wa Niger Delta inasintha kuchoka pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zankhondo mpaka kukambirana ndi kukambirana ndi akuluakulu ndi atsogoleri a Niger Delta. Kutsatira kusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo za boma ku nkhondo ya Niger Delta, kuphatikizapo kubwezeretsanso ndondomeko ya chikhululukiro komanso kuwonjezeka kwa bajeti ya chikhululukiro, ndikuwona zokambirana zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa boma ndi atsogoleri a Niger Delta, a Niger Delta Avengers aimitsidwa. ntchito zawo. Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2017, pakhala mtendere ku Niger Delta. Kutulutsa ndi kupanga mafuta kwayambiranso, pomwe chuma cha ku Nigeria chikuyenda bwino pang'onopang'ono.
Kuchita Mwadongosolo
Kusamvana ku Niger Delta, kuwononga koopsa kwa chuma cha Nigeria, kuopseza kwake mtendere ndi chitetezo, komanso kuyesa kuthetsa mikangano ndi boma la Nigeria zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kumveka kuchokera ku chiphunzitso chogwira ntchito. Akatswiri ena a mfundo monga Deborah Stone amakhulupirira kuti mfundo za anthu ndizodabwitsa. Mwa zina, mfundo za anthu ndizosokoneza pakati pa kuchita bwino ndi kuchita bwino. Ndi chinthu chimodzi kuti ndondomeko ya boma ikhale yogwira mtima; ndi chinthu china kuti ndondomekoyi ikhale yogwira mtima. Opanga ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zawo amanenedwa kukhala imayenera ngati akwaniritsa zotsatira zazikulu ndi mtengo wocheperako. Opanga mfundo ndi ndondomeko zabwino sizilimbikitsa kuwononga nthawi, chuma, ndalama, luso, ndi luso, ndipo amapewa kubwerezabwereza. Ndondomeko zogwira ntchito zimawonjezera phindu lalikulu pamiyoyo ya anthu ochuluka kwambiri m'deralo. M'malo mwake, opanga ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zawo amanenedwa kukhala zothandiza ngati akwaniritsa cholinga chenicheni - mosasamala kanthu za momwe cholingachi chikukwaniritsidwira komanso kwa ndani.
Ndi kusiyana komwe kuli pamwambapo pakati pa kuchita bwino ndi kuchita bwino - komanso podziwa kuti ndondomeko sizingakhale zogwira mtima popanda choyamba, koma ndondomeko ikhoza kukhala yothandiza popanda kuchita bwino - mafunso awiri ayenera kuyankhidwa: 1) Kodi zisankho za ndondomekozi zimatengedwa ndi Maboma aku Nigeria kuti athetse kusamvana ku Niger Delta moyenera kapena kosayenera? 2) Ngati sachita bwino, ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zikuyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithandizire kuti azitha kuchita bwino komanso kubweretsa zotsatira zabwino kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri mdera lawo?
Pakulephera kwa Ndondomeko zaku Nigeria ku Niger Delta
Kuwunika zisankho zazikulu zomwe maboma am'mbuyomu komanso apano aku Nigeria adachita monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, komanso kulephera kwawo kupereka mayankho okhazikika ku zovuta za Niger Delta kungapangitse kuti mfundozi zisagwire ntchito. Zikadakhala zogwira mtima, zikanapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndi mtengo wocheperako, ndikupewa kubwerezabwereza komanso kuwononga nthawi, ndalama ndi zinthu zosafunikira. Ngati ndale ndi opanga ndondomeko ayika mkangano wandale ndi machitidwe achinyengo pambali ndikugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zawo, boma la Nigeria likhoza kupanga ndondomeko zopanda tsankho zomwe zingathe kuyankha mokwanira ku zofuna za anthu a ku Niger Delta ndikupanga zotsatira zokhazikika ngakhale ndi bajeti yochepa ndi chuma. . M'malo mopanga ndondomeko zogwira mtima, maboma am'mbuyomu ndi boma lomwe lilipo pano ataya nthawi yambiri, ndalama ndi chuma, komanso kuchita nawo kubwereza kwa mapulogalamu. Purezidenti Buhari poyambilira adachepetsa pulogalamu yachikhululukiro, adadula bajeti yoti akhazikitse mosalekeza, ndikuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zankhondo ku Niger Delta - mfundo zomwe zidamupangitsa kuti asachoke ku utsogoleri wakale. Zosankha zamwamsanga monga izi zingayambitse chisokonezo m'deralo ndikupangitsa kuti chiwawa chichuluke.
Chinthu chinanso chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa ndi chikhalidwe cha malamulo a ndondomeko ndi mapulogalamu omwe apangidwa kuti athetse vuto la Niger Delta, kufufuza mafuta, kupanga ndi kutumiza kunja. Kuphatikiza pa Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) ndi Federal Ministry ya Niger Delta Affairs, zikuwoneka kuti pali mabungwe ena ambiri omwe adapangidwa m'maboma ndi maboma kuti ayang'anire chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso chilengedwe cha dera la Niger Delta. Ngakhale bungwe la Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) ndi makampani ake khumi ndi limodzi ndi Federal Ministry of Petroleum Resources ali ndi udindo wogwirizanitsa kufufuza kwa mafuta ndi gasi, kupanga, kutumiza kunja, kuyang'anira ndi madera ena ambiri ogwira ntchito, ali ndi udindo wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu mkati mwa Niger Delta komanso mphamvu zopangira ndikukhazikitsa kusintha kwa mfundo zokhudzana ndi mafuta ndi gasi ku Niger Delta. Komanso, ochita masewerawo okha - makampani amafuta ndi gasi amitundu yambiri - mwachitsanzo Shell, ExxonMobil, Elf, Agip, Chevron, ndi ena otero, aliyense apanga mapulojekiti achitukuko ammudzi omwe cholinga chake ndi kukonza miyoyo ya Niger Deltans.
Ndi zoyesayesa zonsezi, wina angafunse kuti: chifukwa chiyani amwenye a ku Niger Delta akudandaulabe? Ngati akupitirizabe kulimbikitsa chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, zachuma, zachilengedwe, ndi ndale, ndiye kuti ndondomeko za boma kuti zithetse mavutowa komanso ntchito zachitukuko za anthu zomwe makampani amafuta amapanga sizigwira ntchito komanso zokwanira. Ngati pulogalamu ya chikhululukiro, mwachitsanzo, idapangidwa kuti ipindule kwambiri zigawenga zakale, bwanji za anthu wamba a ku Niger Delta, ana awo, maphunziro, chilengedwe, madzi omwe amadalira pa ulimi ndi usodzi, misewu, thanzi, ndi zinthu zina akhoza kusintha moyo wawo? Mfundo za boma ndi ntchito zachitukuko za m’madera za makampani amafuta zikuyeneranso kutsatiridwa m’munsi kuti anthu wamba m’derali apindule. Mapulogalamuwa ayenera kukhazikitsidwa m'njira yoti anthu wamba a ku Niger Delta azimva kuti ali ndi mphamvu komanso akuphatikizidwa. Kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zoyenera zomwe zidzathetse mkangano ku Niger Delta, ndikofunikira kuti olemba ndondomeko azindikire ndi kuzindikira pamodzi ndi anthu a ku Niger Delta zomwe zimafunika kwambiri komanso anthu oyenera kugwira nawo ntchito.
Pa Njira Patsogolo
Kuphatikiza pa kuzindikiritsa zomwe zili zofunika komanso anthu oyenera kugwira nawo ntchito kuti akwaniritse bwino mfundo, malingaliro ena ofunikira aperekedwa pansipa.
- Choyamba, olemba ndondomeko ayenera kuzindikira kuti mkangano wa ku Niger Delta wakhala umachokera ku chisalungamo cha chikhalidwe, chuma ndi chilengedwe.
- Chachiwiri, boma ndi anthu ena ogwira nawo ntchito ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti zotsatira za vuto la Niger Delta ndizokwera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa pa chuma cha Nigeria komanso msika wapadziko lonse.
- Chachitatu, njira zambiri zothetsera mikangano ku Niger Delta ziyenera kutsatiridwa popanda kulowererapo pankhondo.
- Chachinayi, ngakhale akuluakulu azamalamulo akatumizidwa kuti ateteze malo opangira mafuta, akuyenera kutsatira zomwe zimati, "musawononge" anthu wamba ndi ammwenye aku Niger Delta.
- Chachisanu, boma liyenera kubwezeretsanso chidaliro ndi chidaliro kuchokera ku Niger Deltans powatsimikizira kuti boma liri kumbali yawo popanga ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko zogwira mtima.
- Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, njira yabwino yolumikizira mapulogalamu omwe alipo ndi atsopano ayenera kupangidwa. Kugwirizana koyenera pakukhazikitsa pulogalamu kudzatsimikizira kuti anthu wamba a ku Niger Delta amapindula ndi mapulogalamuwa, osati gulu losankhidwa la anthu otchuka.
- Chachisanu ndi chiwiri, chuma cha Nigeria chikuyenera kukhala chosiyana popanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zabwino zomwe zingakomere msika waulere, ndikutsegula chitseko cha ndalama, ndikukulitsa, magawo ena monga ulimi, ukadaulo, kupanga, zosangalatsa, zomangamanga, zoyendera. (kuphatikiza njanji), magetsi oyera, ndi zina zatsopano zamakono. Chuma chosiyanasiyana chidzachepetsa kudalira kwa boma pa mafuta ndi gasi, kutsika kwa ndale zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi ndalama zamafuta, kupititsa patsogolo chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zachuma cha anthu onse a ku Nigeria, ndikupangitsa kuti chuma chikule bwino ku Nigeria.
Wolemba, Dr. Basil Ugorji, ndi Purezidenti ndi CEO wa International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation. Iye analandira Ph.D. mu Kusanthula ndi Kuthetsa Mikangano kuchokera ku dipatimenti ya Conflict Resolution Studies, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
