Kufikira Kukwaniritsa Kukhalapo Kwamtendere kwa Ethno-Religious ku Nigeria
Kudalirika
Kukambitsirana kwa ndale ndi pawailesi yakanema kumayang'aniridwa ndi mawu owopsa a zipembedzo zoyambira makamaka pakati pa zikhulupiriro zitatu za Abrahamu za Chisilamu, Chikristu ndi Chiyuda. Nkhani yayikuluyi imalimbikitsidwa ndi mikangano yongopeka komanso yowona yachitukuko yomwe idalimbikitsidwa ndi a Samuel Huntington kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990.
Pepalali likugwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira chifukwa chowunika mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria ndipo kenako imapatuka pa nkhani yomwe ikupezekayi kuti ipange nkhani yodalirana yomwe ikuwona kuti zikhulupiliro zitatu za Abrahamu zikugwira ntchito limodzi m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti achite ndikupereka mayankho a mafunso. mavuto azachikhalidwe, ndale, zachuma ndi chikhalidwe m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, m'malo mwa nkhani zotsutsa zodzaza ndi chidani za kupambana ndi kulamulira, pepalali likutsutsana ndi njira yomwe imakankhira malire a kukhalirana mwamtendere kumlingo watsopano.
Introduction
Kwa zaka zambiri mpaka pano, Asilamu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi azindikira mofunitsitsa mikangano yamasiku ano ku America, Europe, Africa, ndi Nigeria makamaka yokhudza Chisilamu ndi Asilamu komanso momwe mtsutsowu umachitikira makamaka kudzera muutolankhani wosangalatsa komanso kuukira kwamalingaliro. Chifukwa chake, sizomveka kunena kuti Chisilamu chili kutsogolo kwa nkhani zamasiku ano ndipo mwatsoka sichimvetsetsedwa ndi ambiri m'maiko otukuka (Watt, 2013).
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Chisilamu kuyambira kalekale m'chinenero chodziwika bwino chimalemekeza, kulemekeza ndi kusunga moyo waumunthu wopatulika. Malinga ndi Qur’an 5:32, Allah akunena kuti: “…Tidawakonzera ana a Israeli kuti amene wapha munthu (popanda chilango) chifukwa chopha munthu kapena kufalitsa zoipa padziko, akhale ngati wapha anthu onse; ndipo amene apulumutsa moyo adzakhala ngati wapereka moyo kwa anthu onse…” (Ali, 2012).
Gawo loyamba mu pepalali limapereka kusanthula kozama kwa mikangano yosiyanasiyana yachipembedzo ku Nigeria. Gawo lachiwiri la pepalali likukambirana za ubale pakati pa Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu. Zina mwamitu yayikulu komanso zochitika zakale zomwe zikukhudza Asilamu ndi omwe si Asilamu zikukambidwanso. Ndipo gawo lachitatu limamaliza zokambiranazo ndi chidule ndi malingaliro.
Mikangano ya Zipembedzo za Ethno ku Nigeria
Nigeria ndi dziko lamitundu yambiri, zikhalidwe zambiri komanso zipembedzo zambiri zomwe zili ndi mitundu yopitilira mazana anayi yolumikizana ndi mipingo yambiri yachipembedzo (Aghemelo & Osumah, 2009). Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1920, Nigeria yakumana ndi mikangano yambiri yachipembedzo m'madera akumpoto ndi kumwera kotero kuti njira yodziyimira pawokha idadziwika ndi mikangano yogwiritsa ntchito zida zoopsa monga mfuti, mivi, mauta ndi zikwanje ndipo pamapeto pake zidachitika. mu nkhondo yapachiweniweni kuyambira 1967 mpaka 1970 (Best & Kemedi, 2005). M'zaka za m'ma 1980, Nigeria (makamaka m'boma la Kano) idakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo yapakati pa Asilamu ya Maitatsine yomwe idakonzedwa ndi mtsogoleri wachipembedzo waku Cameroonia yemwe adapha, kuvulaza ndi kuwononga katundu wamtengo wapatali wopitilira mamiliyoni angapo a naira.
Asilamu ndiwo adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiwembuchi ngakhale ochepa omwe sanali Asilamu adakhudzidwa chimodzimodzi (Tamuno, 1993). Gulu la Maitatsine lidakulitsa zovuta zake kumayiko ena monga Rigassa/Kaduna ndi Maiduguri/Bulumkutu mu 1982, Jimeta/Yola ndi Gombe mu 1984, zovuta za Zango Kataf ku Kaduna State mu 1992 ndi Funtua mu 1993 (Best, 2001). Kutsamira kwa gululi kunali kunja kwa ziphunzitso zachisilamu ndipo aliyense wotsutsana ndi ziphunzitso za gululi adakhala chinthu choukiridwa ndi kuphedwa.
Mu 1987, kunachitika mikangano yapakati pazipembedzo ndi mafuko kumpoto monga mikangano ya Kafanchan, Kaduna ndi Zaria pakati pa Akhristu ndi Asilamu ku Kaduna (Kukah, 1993). Zina mwa nsanja za minyanga ya njovu zinakhalanso bwalo la ziwawa kuyambira 1988 mpaka 1994 pakati pa ophunzira achisilamu ndi achikhristu monga Bayero University Kano (BUK), Ahmadu Bello University (ABU) Zaria ndi University of Sokoto (Kukah, 1993). Mikangano yachipembedzo sichinathe koma inakula mu 1990s makamaka m'chigawo chapakati cha lamba monga mikangano pakati pa Sayawa-Hausa ndi Fulani ku Tafawa Balewa Local Government Area of Bauchi State; Tiv ndi Jukun Communities ku Taraba State (Otite & Albert, 1999) ndi pakati pa Bassa ndi Egbura ku Nasarawa State (Best, 2004).
Chigawo chakum'mwera chakumadzulo sichinatetezedwe kotheratu ku mikangano. Mu 1993, panali zipolowe zachiwawa zomwe zidachititsidwa ndi kuthetsedwa kwa zisankho za June 12, 1993 pomwe malemu Moshood Abiola adapambana ndipo abale ake adawona kuti kuchotsedwako kunali kuphwanya chilungamo komanso kukana nthawi yawo yolamulira dziko. Izi zidadzetsa mkangano wankhanza pakati pa mabungwe achitetezo aboma la Nigeria ndi mamembala a O'dua Peoples' Congress (OPC) oyimira achibale achi Yoruba (Best & Kemedi, 2005). Nkhondo yofananayo pambuyo pake inafalikira ku South-south ndi South-East Nigeria. Mwachitsanzo, a Egbesu Boys (EB) ku South-south Nigeria mbiri yakale idakhala ngati gulu lachipembedzo la chikhalidwe cha Ijaw koma kenako idakhala gulu la zigawenga lomwe lidaukira boma. Zomwe adachita, adati zidadziwitsidwa ndi kufufuza ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mafuta m'derali ndi boma la Nigerian ndi mabungwe ena amitundu yosiyanasiyana monga kusokoneza chilungamo ku Niger Delta kupatulapo anthu ambiri amtundu. Zoyipazi zidapangitsa magulu ankhondo monga Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND), Niger Delta People's Volunteer Force (NDPVF) ndi Niger Delta Vigilante (NDV) pakati pa ena.
Zinthu sizinali zosiyana kum’mwera chakum’mawa kumene gulu la Bakassi Boys (BB) limagwirira ntchito. BB idakhazikitsidwa ngati gulu loyang'anira ndi cholinga chokhacho choteteza ndikupereka chitetezo kwa mabizinesi aku Igbo ndi makasitomala awo ku zigawenga zosalekeza zochokera kwa achifwamba okhala ndi zida chifukwa chakulephera kwa apolisi aku Nigeria kuchita zomwe akuyenera kuchita (HRW & CLEEN, 2002 :10). Kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2004 ku Plateau State, dziko lamtendere mpaka pano linali ndi mikangano yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo pakati pa Asilamu a Fulani-Wase omwe ndi oweta ng'ombe ndi magulu ankhondo a Taroh-Gamai omwe ndi akhristu ambiri komanso otsata zipembedzo zachikhalidwe zaku Africa. Zomwe zidayamba ngati mikangano ya amwenye pambuyo pake zidafika pachimake mkangano wachipembedzo pomwe andale adapezerapo mwayi kuti athetse zambiri ndikupeza mphamvu motsutsana ndi omwe amawaganizira kuti akupikisana nawo pazandale (Global IDP Project, 2004). Kuwona mwachidule mbiri yamavuto achipembedzo ku Nigeria ndi chizindikiro chakuti zovuta za ku Nigeria zakhala ndi zipembedzo komanso mafuko kusiyana ndi zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zachipembedzo.
Kulumikizana pakati pa Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu
Christian-Muslim: Otsatira a Abrahamic Creed of Monotheism (TAUHID)
Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu zonse zimachokera ku uthenga wapadziko lonse wokhulupirira Mulungu mmodzi umene Mneneri Ibrahim (Abraham) mtendere ukhale pa iye (SAW) anaulalikira kwa anthu m’nthawi yake. Anaitanira anthu kwa Mulungu mmodzi yekha woona ndi kumasula anthu ku ukapolo wa munthu kwa munthu; ku ukapolo wa munthu kwa Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse.
Mneneri wa Allah wolemekezeka kwambiri, Isa (Yesu Khristu) (pboh) anatsatira njira yomweyi monga yalembedwera mu New International Version (NIV) ya Baibulo, Yohane 17:3 “Tsopano moyo wosatha ndi uwu: kuti akudziweni; Mulungu woona yekha, ndi Yesu Khristu, amene inu munamutuma.” M’gawo lina la Baibulo la NIV, Marko 12:32 limati: “Mwanena bwino, mphunzitsi,” anayankha motero mwamunayo. “Mukunena zoona ponena kuti Mulungu ndi mmodzi ndipo palibenso wina koma iye” (Zida Zophunzirira Baibulo, 2014).
Mneneri Muhammad (SAW) adatsatanso uthenga womwewo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu, kupirira ndi khalidwe labwino lomwe linalembedwa mu Qur’an yolemekezeka 112:1-4 : “Nena: “Iye ndi Allah Mmodzi; Mulungu Yemwe alibe chosowa, Yemwe onse ali osowa; Sabala kapena sanabadwe. Ndipo palibe amene angafanane ndi Iye” (Ali, 2012).
Mawu Ofanana pakati pa Asilamu ndi Akhristu
Kaya Chisilamu kapena Chikhristu, chomwe chili chodziwika ku mbali zonse ziwiri ndikuti otsatira zikhulupiriro zonse ndi anthu ndipo tsogolo limawamanganso ngati aku Nigeria. Anthu amene amatsatira zipembedzo zonse ziwirizi amakonda dziko lawo komanso Mulungu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu a ku Nigeria ndi anthu ochereza komanso achikondi. Amakonda kukhala mwamtendere ndi anzawo komanso anthu ena padziko lapansi. Posachedwapa zaoneka kuti zida zina zamphamvu zimene anthu ochita zoipa amagwiritsa ntchito poyambitsa kusagwirizana, udani, kusagwirizana ndiponso nkhondo za mafuko ndizo mafuko ndi chipembedzo. Kutengera ndi mbali iti yagawidwe yomwe ili, nthawi zonse pali kuthekera kwa mbali imodzi kukhala ndi dzanja lopambana kutsutsana ndi linalo. Koma Allah Wamphamvuyonse akulangiza onse mu Qur’an 3:64 kuti “Nena: “E inu anthu a m’Buku! Bwerani ku mawu ofanana pakati pathu ndi inu: kuti tisapembedze aliyense koma Mulungu; oimirira pakati pathu, mafumu ndi athandizi ena kusiya Mulungu.” Ngati abwerera m’mbuyo, mudzati: “Ikirani umboni kuti ife tikugwadira chifuniro cha Mulungu” kuti tifikitse liwu lodziwika bwino kuti tipititse dziko patsogolo (Ali, 2012).
Monga Asilamu, tikulamula abale athu achikhristu kuti azindikire moona mtima kusiyana kwathu ndi kuyamikira. Chofunika kwambiri, tiyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri mbali zomwe timagwirizana. Tiyenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti tilimbikitse maubale athu ndikukonzekera njira yomwe ingatithandize kuyamikira mbali zathu zosagwirizana ndi kulemekezana wina ndi mzake. Ife ngati Asilamu timakhulupirira mwa Aneneri ndi Atumiki onse akale a Allah popanda kusankhana kulikonse pakati pawo. Ndipo pazimenezi Allah akulamula mu Qur’an 2:285 kuti: “Nena: “Ife takhulupirira mwa Mulungu ndi zimene zidavumbulutsidwa kwa ife, ndi zimene zidavumbulutsidwa kwa Ibrahim, ndi Ismail, ndi kwa Isihaka, ndi Yakubu ndi mbumba yake, ndi ziphunzitso zomwe zidavumbulutsidwa kwa ife. Mulungu adapereka kwa Musa ndi Yesu ndi Aneneri ena. Ife sitisiyanitsa aliyense mwa iwo; ndipo kwa Iye ndife ogonjera” (Ali, 2012).
Umodzi mu Zosiyanasiyana
Anthu onse ndi zolengedwa za Mulungu Wamphamvu zonse kuyambira kwa Adamu (Mtendere ukhale pa iye) kufikira ku mibadwo yapano ndi yamtsogolo. Kusiyanasiyana kwa mitundu yathu, malo athu, zilankhulo, zipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe chathu, ndi zisonyezo za kayendetsedwe ka mtundu wa anthu monga momwe zatchulidwira mu Qur’an 30:22 motero “… mwa zisonyezo zake ndi kulenga kwa thambo ndi nthaka. kusiyana malirime ndi mitundu. Ndithu, m’zimenezi muli zisonyezo kwa anzeru” (Ali, 2012). Mwachitsanzo, Qur'an 33:59 ikunena kuti ndi gawo limodzi laudindo wachipembedzo wa azimayi achisilamu kuvala Hijab poyera kuti "...Adziwike komanso asagwiridwe…" (Ali, 2012). Pomwe amuna achisilamu akuyembekezeka kusunga jenda lachimuna losunga ndevu ndikumeta ndevu zawo kuti ziwasiyanitse ndi omwe si Asilamu; Otsatirawa ali ndi ufulu wotengera mavalidwe awoawo ndi zodziwika zawo popanda kuphwanya ufulu wa ena. Kusiyana kumeneku kumapangitsa anthu kuzindikirana wina ndi mnzake ndipo koposa zonse, kutsimikizira zenizeni za chilengedwe chawo.
Mneneri Muhammad (SAW) anati: “Amene amenye nkhondo pansi pa mbendera pofuna kuchirikiza cholinga cha chigawenga kapena poyankha kuitana kwachigawenga kapena kuthandiza chigawenga ndiyeno nkuphedwa, imfa yake ndi imfa chifukwa cha chigawenga. umbuli” (Robson, 1981). Kuti titsimikize kufunika kwa mawu omwe tatchulawa, ndi bwino kutchula malemba a m’Qur’an pomwe Mulungu akukumbutsa anthu kuti onse ndi ana a bambo ndi mayi mmodzi. Mulungu, Wotukuka kwambiri akufotokoza mwachidule za umodzi wa anthu mu Qur’an 49:13 motere: “E, inu anthu! Ife tidakulengani inu nonse kuchokera kwa mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndipo tidakuchitani kukhala mitundu ndi mafuko kuti mudziwane. Ndithu, wolemekezeka mwa inu kwa Mulungu, ndi amene amaopa kwambiri Mulungu. Ndithu Allah Ngodziwa Zonse, Ngodziwa” (Ali, 2012).
Sizingakhale zolakwika kunena kuti Asilamu akum'mwera kwa Nigeria sanalandiridwe bwino ndi anzawo makamaka omwe ali m'maboma komanso mabungwe aboma. Pakhala pali milandu ingapo yozunza, kuzunza, kuputa komanso kuzunza Asilamu ku South. Mwachitsanzo, panali zochitika pamene Asilamu ambiri anali kulembedwa monyoza m’maofesi a boma, masukulu, misika, m’misewu ndi m’madera oyandikana nawo monga “Ayatollah”, “OIC”, “Osama Bin Laden”, “Maitatsine”, “Sharia” ndi posachedwapa "Boko Haram." Ndikofunika kunena kuti kuleza mtima, malo ogona ndi kulolerana Asilamu ku Southern Nigeria akuwonetsa ngakhale akukumana ndi zovuta zomwe amakumana nazo, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuti dziko la Southern Nigeria likhale mwamtendere.
Ngakhale zivute zitani, ndi udindo wathu kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuteteza ndi kuteteza moyo wathu. Pochita zimenezi, tiyenera kupewa kuchita zinthu monyanyira; samalani pozindikira kusiyana kwathu kwa zipembedzo; kusonyeza kumvetsetsana kwakukulu ndi kulemekezana wina ndi mnzake kotero kuti onse ndi osiyana amapatsidwa mwayi wofanana kuti anthu a ku Nigeria azikhala mwamtendere posatengera mafuko ndi zipembedzo.
Kukhala Pamodzi Mwamtendere
Sipangakhale chitukuko chatanthauzo ndi kukula mdera lililonse lomwe lili ndi mavuto. Dziko la Nigeria ngati dziko likukumana ndi vuto lalikulu m'manja mwa mamembala a gulu la Boko Haram. Kuopsa kwa gululi kwawononga kwambiri psyche ya anthu aku Nigeria. Zotsatira zoyipa za ntchito zowopsa za gulu ku gawo lazachikhalidwe ndi ndale komanso zachuma mdziko muno sizingawerengedwe potengera kutayika.
Kuchuluka kwa miyoyo yosalakwa ndi katundu wotayika kumbali zonse ziwiri (ie Asilamu ndi Akhristu) chifukwa cha ntchito zonyansa komanso zopanda umulungu za gululi sizingakhale zomveka (Odere, 2014). Sichipongwe chabe koma ndi nkhanza kunena zochepa. Ngakhale kuti kuyesetsa kwakukulu kwa Boma la Federal of Nigeria kumayamikiridwa pakufuna kwawo kupeza njira yothetsera mavuto a chitetezo cha dziko, ikuyenera kuwirikiza kuyesetsa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse kuphatikizapo, koma osati kungochita nawo gulu pazokambirana zomveka. Monga momwe Qur’an 8:61 yafotokozera: “Ngati apendekera ku mtendere, atsanzire iwenso kuumeneko, ndipo dalira mwa Mulungu. Ndithu, Iye Ngwakumva Zonse, Ngodziwa Zonse” kuti athetse vuto la zigawenga zomwe zikuchitika masiku ano (Ali, 2012).
malangizo
Kutetezedwa kwa Ufulu Wachipembedzo
Mmodzi amaona kuti mfundo za m’malamulo a dziko lino za ufulu wa kulambira, kufotokoza maganizo awo pa nkhani yachipembedzo ndi udindo wawo monga momwe zakhazikitsidwira m’ndime 38 (1) ndi (2) za Constitution ya Federal Republic of Nigeria ya 1999 n’zofooka. Choncho, pakufunika kulimbikitsa njira yoyendetsera ufulu wa anthu pachitetezo cha ufulu wachipembedzo ku Nigeria (Lipoti la US Department of States, 2014). Mikangano yambiri, mikangano ndi ziwopsezo zomwe zimabweretsa kumwera chakumadzulo, kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa pakati pa akhristu ndi Asilamu ku Nigeria ndi chifukwa chakuponderezedwa kwa ufulu wachibadwidwe wa Asilamu m'chigawo chimenecho. Mavuto a kumpoto chakumadzulo, kumpoto chakum'mawa ndi kumpoto chapakati amabweranso chifukwa cha kuponderezedwa kwaufulu kwa Akhristu m'derali.
Kulimbikitsa Kulekerera Zipembedzo ndi Kukhala ndi Maganizo Otsutsa
Ku Nigeria, kusalolera kwa malingaliro otsutsana ndi otsatira zipembedzo zazikulu zapadziko lapansi kwakwiyitsa ndale ndikuyambitsa mikangano (Salawu, 2010). Atsogoleri azipembedzo ndi anthu ammudzi ayenera kulalikira ndi kulimbikitsa kulekererana kwa zipembedzo ndi kuvomereza maganizo otsutsana monga njira zozama kukhazikitsira mtendere ndi mgwirizano m'dziko.
Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha anthu aku Nigeria
Umbuli ndi gwero limodzi lomwe ladzetsa umphaŵi wadzaoneni pakati pa zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ulova kwa achinyamata, umbuli ukukulirakulira. Chifukwa cha kutsekedwa kosalekeza kwa masukulu ku Nigeria, maphunziro ali pachikomokere; potero amakana ophunzira a ku Nigeria mwayi wopeza chidziwitso chabwino, kubadwanso kwa makhalidwe abwino komanso mlingo wapamwamba wa chilango makamaka pa njira zosiyanasiyana zothetsera mikangano kapena mikangano mwamtendere (Osaretin, 2013). Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kuti boma ndi mabungwe azibizinesi azithandizirana popititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha anthu aku Nigeria makamaka achinyamata ndi amayi. Izi ndi a sine qua ayi pofuna kupeza chitaganya chopita patsogolo, cholungama ndi chamtendere.
Kufalitsa Uthenga wa Ubwenzi Weniweni ndi Chikondi Choonadi
Kusonkhezera chidani m’dzina la machitidwe achipembedzo m’mabungwe achipembedzo ndi mkhalidwe woipa. Ngakhale zili zoona kuti Chikhristu ndi Chisilamu zimanena kuti "Uzikonda mnzako monga udzikonda wekha," izi zimawonedwa kwambiri pakuphwanya (Raji 2003; Bogoro, 2008). Imeneyi ndi mphepo yoipa yosawomba munthu wabwino. Ndi nthawi yoti atsogoleri azipembedzo azilalikira uthenga woona wa ubwenzi ndi chikondi chenicheni. Imeneyi ndi galimoto imene idzatengere anthu ku malo amtendere ndi otetezeka. Kuonjezera apo, Boma la Federal of Nigeria liyenera kuchitapo kanthu pokhazikitsa malamulo omwe angapangitse kuti pakhale udani ndi mabungwe achipembedzo kapena anthu m'dzikolo.
Kukwezeleza Utolankhani Waukatswiri ndi Malipoti Oyenera
Kwa zaka zambiri mpaka pano, kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti kulengeza kolakwika kwa mikangano (Ladan, 2012) komanso kufotokozera zachipembedzo china ndi gawo lina lawayilesi ku Nigeria chifukwa chakuti anthu ena adachita molakwika kapena kuchita zinthu zodzudzula ndiye njira yopezera. tsoka ndi kusokonekera kwa kukhalirana mwamtendere m'dziko lamitundu yambiri komanso lamitundumitundu ngati Nigeria. Choncho, pakufunika kuti mabungwe ofalitsa nkhani azitsatira mosamalitsa mfundo za ukatswiri wa utolankhani. Zochitika ziyenera kufufuzidwa bwino, kusanthulidwa komanso kupereka malipoti oyenera operekedwa opanda malingaliro amunthu komanso kukondera kwa mtolankhani kapena bungwe lofalitsa nkhani. Izi zikachitika, palibe mbali imodzi ya gawolo yomwe ingamve kuti sinachitiridwe chilungamo.
Udindo wa Mabungwe Achipembedzo ndi Achikhulupiriro
Mabungwe omwe si aboma (NGOs) ndi mabungwe azipembedzo (FBOs) awonjezere mphamvu zawo monga otsogolera zokambirana ndi oyimira pakati pa mikangano pakati pa magulu omwe akusemphana maganizo. Kuonjezera apo, akuyenera kulimbikitsa kulengeza kwawo polimbikitsa ndi kudziwitsa anthu za ufulu wawo ndi ufulu wa ena makamaka pa kukhalirana pamodzi mwamtendere, ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi zipembedzo pakati pa ena (Enukora, 2005).
Ulamuliro Wabwino ndi Kusasankhana Maboma m’magawo onse
Ntchito yomwe boma lachita ndi bungweli silinathandizepo; m'malo mwake zakulitsa mikangano yachipembedzo pakati pa anthu aku Nigeria. Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti boma la feduro ndi lomwe linali ndi udindo wogawa dzikolo motsatira zipembedzo kotero kuti malire pakati pa Asilamu ndi Akhristu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magawano ofunikira amitundu ndi chikhalidwe (HRW, 2006).
Maboma m'magawo onse akuyenera kukwezeka, kukhala opanda tsankho popereka zopindula za utsogoleri wabwino ndikuwoneka ngati achilungamo mu ubale wawo ndi anthu awo. Iwo (Maboma m’magulu onse) apewe tsankho ndi kunyozedwa kwa anthu pamene akugwira ntchito zachitukuko ndi nkhani zachipembedzo m’dziko (Salawu, 2010).
Chidule ndi Mapeto
Ndikukhulupirira kuti kukhala kwathu m'dziko la Nigeria lamitundu yambiri komanso zipembedzo sikulakwa kapena temberero. M’malo mwake, iwo analinganizidwa mwaumulungu ndi Mulungu Wamphamvuyonse kuti agwiritsire ntchito zinthu zaumunthu ndi zakuthupi za dziko kaamba ka ubwino wa anthu. Choncho, Qur'an 5:2 ndi 60:8-9 imaphunzitsa kuti maziko a mgwirizano ndi ubale wa anthu uyenera kukhala chilungamo ndi umulungu woyendetsedwa ndi "...kuthandizana wina ndi mzake mu chilungamo ndi umulungu..." (Ali, 2012) komanso chifundo ndi kukoma mtima, “Ndithu amene sakumenyana nanu chifukwa cha Chikhulupiriro, ndiponso sakukutulutsani m’madera mwanu, Mulungu sakukuletsani kuwachitira zabwino ndi kuwachitira zabwino. Chitirani iwo mwachilungamo. Ndithu, Mulungu Amakonda ochita mwachilungamo. Ndithu, Mulungu akukuletsani Kukhala pa ubwenzi ndi amene akumenyana nanu chifukwa cha Chikhulupiriro chanu, ndi kukutulutsani m’madera mwanu, kapena kukuthandizani (ena) kukutulutsani. Kwa iwo mwaubwenzi, iwowo ndiwo ochita zoipa. (Ali, 2012).
Zothandizira
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Nkhaniyi inakambidwa pa msonkhano woyamba wapachaka wa International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation’s 1st Annual International Conference on Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding womwe unachitikira ku New York City, USA, pa October 1, 2014.
Title: "Kukwaniritsa Kukhalirana Kwamtendere kwa Ethno-Chipembedzo ku Nigeria"
Presenter: Imam Abdullahi Shuaib, Executive Director/CEO, Zakat and Sadaqat Foundation (ZSF), Lagos, Nigeria.
