Kuwunika Ubale Pakati pa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Chiwopsezo cha Imfa Chochokera ku Mikangano ya Zipembedzo za Ethno ku Nigeria
Mfundo:
Pepalali likuwunika mgwirizano pakati pa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria. Imasanthula momwe kuwonjezeka kwachuma kumakulirakulira mikangano yachipembedzo, pomwe kuchepa kwachuma kumalumikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mikangano yachipembedzo. Kuti tipeze ubale wofunikira pakati pa mikangano yachipembedzo ndi kukula kwachuma ku Nigeria, pepalali likutenga njira yofufuzira yochulukirapo pogwiritsa ntchito Kulumikizana pakati pa GDP ndi chiwopsezo cha kufa. Zambiri pazakufa zidapezedwa kuchokera ku Nigeria Security Tracker kudzera mu Council on Foreign Relations; Zambiri za GDP zidasonkhanitsidwa kudzera ku World Bank ndi Trading Economics. Deta izi zinasonkhanitsidwa kwa zaka za 2011 mpaka 2019. Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka zikuwonetsa kuti mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria ili ndi ubale wabwino kwambiri ndi kukula kwachuma; motero, madera omwe ali ndi umphawi wambiri amakhala ndi mikangano yachipembedzo. Umboni wa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa GDP ndi chiwerengero cha imfa mu kafukufukuyu umasonyeza kuti kufufuza kwina kungapangidwe kuti apeze njira zothetsera zochitikazi.
Tsitsani Nkhaniyi
Kuchokera Kufotokozera:
Marafa, YA (2022). Kuwunika ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa chuma chapakhomo (GDP) ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria. Journal of Living Together, 7(1), 58-69.
Zambiri Zankhani:
@Nkhani{Marafa2022}
Mutu = {Kupenda Ubale Pakati Pa Chuma Chapakhomo (GDP) ndi Chiwopsezo cha Imfa Chochokera ku Mikangano ya Ethno-Religious ku Nigeria}
Wolemba = {Yusuf Adam Marafa}
Url = {https://icermediation.org/examining-the-relationship-between-gross-domestic-product-gdp-and-the-death-toll-resulting-from-ethno-religious-conflicts-in-nigeria/}
ISSN = {2373-6615 (Sindikizani); 2373-6631 (Pa intaneti)}
Chaka = {2022}
Tsiku = {2022-12-18}
Journal = {Journal of Living Together}
Mphamvu = {7}
Nambala = {1}
Masamba = {58-69}
Wosindikiza = {International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation}
Adilesi = {White Plains, New York}
Kusindikiza = {2022}.
Introduction
Mayiko ambiri akukumana ndi mikangano yosiyana siyana, ndipo ku Nigeria, mikangano yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu yachititsa kuti chuma cha dzikolo chiwonongeke. Kukula kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Nigeria kwakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mikangano yachipembedzo. Kufa kwa anthu osalakwa kumathandizira kuti dziko lino liziyenda bwino pazachuma komanso kutukuka kwachuma kudzera m'mabizinesi ochepera akunja omwe angalimbikitse kukula kwachuma (Genyi, 2017). Mofananamo, madera ena a ku Nigeria akhala m’mikangano yaikulu chifukwa cha umphaŵi; motero kusakhazikika kwachuma kumabweretsa chiwawa m’dzikolo. Dzikoli lakumana ndi zinthu zodabwitsa chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo imeneyi, yomwe imasokoneza mtendere, bata ndi chitetezo.
Mikangano ya zipembedzo za Ethno m’maiko osiyanasiyana, monga Ghana, Niger, Djibouti, ndi Côte d’Ivoire, yakhudza kakhalidwe kawo kazachuma. Kafukufuku wowona wasonyeza kuti mikangano ndiyomwe imayambitsa kusatukuka kwa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene (Iyoboyi, 2014). Chifukwa chake, Nigeria ndi amodzi mwa mayiko omwe akukumana ndi zovuta zandale pamitundu, zipembedzo, ndi zigawo. Dziko la Nigeria lili m’gulu la mayiko amene agawikana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pankhani ya mafuko ndi zipembedzo, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali anthu akhala akusakhazikika komanso mikangano yachipembedzo. Nigeria yakhala kwawo kwa magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuyambira nthawi yomwe idadzilamulira mu 1960; pafupifupi mafuko 400 amakhala kumeneko pamodzi ndi zipembedzo zingapo (Gamba, 2019). Anthu ambiri anena kuti mikangano ya zipembedzo ikachepa ku Nigeria, chuma cha dzikolo chidzakwera. Komabe, kuunika kozama kumawonetsa kuti mitundu yonse iwiri imagwirizana mwachindunji. Pepalali likufufuza za mgwirizano pakati pa zochitika zachuma ndi zachuma ku Nigeria ndi mikangano yachipembedzo yomwe imabweretsa imfa ya nzika zosalakwa.
Zosintha ziwiri zomwe zidaphunziridwa mu pepalali zinali Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Death Toll. Gross Domestic Product ndi ndalama zonse kapena mtengo wamsika wa katundu ndi ntchito zopangidwa ndi chuma cha dziko kwa chaka chimodzi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi kuwonetsa thanzi lazachuma mdziko (Bondarenko, 2017). Kumbali ina, chiŵerengero cha anthu amene amafa chimatanthauza “chiŵerengero cha anthu amene amafa chifukwa cha chochitika monga nkhondo kapena ngozi” ( Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). Chifukwa chake, pepalali lidakambirana za anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria, ndikuwunikanso ubale wake ndi kukula kwachuma kwadziko.
Kusanthula kwazolemba
Mikangano Yamitundu ndi Ethno-Zipembedzo ku Nigeria
Mikangano yachipembedzo yomwe Nigeria yakhala ikukumana nayo kuyambira 1960 idakalipobe pomwe chiwopsezo cha kufa kwa anthu osalakwa chikuwonjezeka. Dzikoli lili ndi chisungiko chowonjezereka, umphaŵi wadzaoneni, ndi ulova wochuluka; motero, dziko lili kutali kuti lichite bwino pazachuma (Gamba, 2019). Mikangano yachipembedzo ndi ethno ili ndi mtengo waukulu ku chuma cha Nigeria chifukwa imathandizira kusinthasintha, kupasuka, ndi kubalalitsidwa kwachuma (Çancı & Odukoya, 2016).
Kudziwika kwa mafuko ndiko komwe kumadziwika kwambiri ku Nigeria, ndipo mitundu ikuluikulu ndi Igbo yomwe ikukhala kumwera chakum'mawa, Yoruba kumwera chakumadzulo, ndi Hausa-Fulani kumpoto. Kugawidwa kwamitundu yambiri kumakhudza kupanga zisankho zaboma popeza ndale zamitundu zili ndi gawo lalikulu pakukula kwachuma m'dziko (Gamba, 2019). Komabe, magulu achipembedzo akuyambitsa mavuto ambiri kuposa mafuko. Zipembedzo ziwiri zikuluzikulu ndi Chisilamu kumpoto ndi Chikhristu kumwera. Genyi (2017) adatsindika kuti "chinthu chapakati cha anthu amitundu ndi zipembedzo mu ndale ndi nkhani za dziko ku Nigeria zakhala zoonekeratu pazochitika zonse m'mbiri ya dziko" (p. 137). Mwachitsanzo, zigawenga kumpoto akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito teokrase ya Chisilamu yomwe imatanthauzira kwambiri Chisilamu. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwaulimi ndi kukonzanso kwaulamuliro kungagwirizane ndi lonjezo lopititsa patsogolo ubale pakati pa mitundu ndi zipembedzo (Genyi, 2017).
Ubale Pakati pa Mikangano ya Ethno-Religious and Economic Growth ku Nigeria
John Smith Will adayambitsa lingaliro la "plural centric" kuti amvetsetse zovuta zachipembedzo (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Lingaliro ili lidakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana la 17, ndipo JS Furnivall, katswiri wazachuma waku Britain, adakulitsanso (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Masiku ano, njira iyi ikufotokoza kuti anthu omwe amagawanika moyandikana amakhala ndi mpikisano waulere pazachuma ndipo akuwonetsa kusowa kwa ubale. Pamenepa, chipembedzo chimodzi kapena fuko nthawi zonse limafalitsa mantha aulamuliro. Pali malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi ubale pakati pa kukula kwachuma ndi mikangano yachipembedzo. Ku Nigeria, n’kovuta kuzindikira vuto lililonse lafuko limene silinathe m’mikangano yachipembedzo. Tsankho la mafuko ndi zipembedzo zikutsogolera kudziko, komwe mamembala achipembedzo chilichonse amafuna ulamuliro pa ndale (Genyi, 2017). Chimodzi mwazoyambitsa mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria ndi kusalolera zipembedzo (Ugorji, 2017). Asilamu ena sadziwa kuti Chikhristu ndi chovomerezeka, ndipo Akhristu ena sazindikira kuti Chisilamu ndi chipembedzo chovomerezeka, zomwe zachititsa kuti gulu lililonse lachipembedzo likhale loipa (Salawu, 2010).
Ulova, chiwawa, ndi chisalungamo zimatuluka chifukwa cha kusowa chitetezo chowonjezereka chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo (Alegbeleye, 2014). Mwachitsanzo, pamene chuma cha padziko lonse chikuwonjezereka, mikangano ya anthu ikuwonjezerekanso. Pafupifupi anthu 18.5 miliyoni anafa pakati pa 1960 ndi 1995 chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo m'mayiko omwe akutukuka ku Africa ndi Asia (Iyoboyi, 2014). Ponena za Nigeria, mikangano yachipembedzo imeneyi imawononga chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko. Chidani chokhazikika pakati pa Asilamu ndi Akhristu chachepetsa zokolola za dziko komanso zalepheretsa mgwirizano wamayiko (Nwaomah, 2011). Mavuto azachuma m’dziko muno ayambitsa mikangano yoopsa pakati pa Asilamu ndi Akhristu, zomwe zikudzetsa madera onse azachuma; izi zikutanthauza kuti mavuto azachuma ndi omwe amayambitsa mikangano yachipembedzo (Nwaomah, 2011).
Mikangano ya zipembedzo za Ethno-zipembedzo ku Nigeria imalepheretsa ndalama zachuma m'dzikoli ndipo ndi zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa mavuto azachuma (Nwaomah, 2011). Mikangano iyi imakhudza chuma cha Nigeria poyambitsa kusatetezeka, kusakhulupirirana, komanso tsankho. Mikangano yazipembedzo imachepetsa mwayi wopanga ndalama zamkati ndi zakunja (Lenshie, 2020). Kusatetezekaku kumawonjezera kusakhazikika kwandale komanso kusatsimikizika komwe kumapangitsa kuti ndalama zakunja zifooke; motero, dzikolo limakhala lopanda chitukuko cha zachuma. Zotsatira zamavuto achipembedzo zidafalikira mdziko lonselo ndikusokoneza mgwirizano wamagulu (Ugorji, 2017).
Mikangano ya Zipembedzo za Ethno-Religious, Umphawi, ndi Chitukuko cha Social-Economic
Chuma cha Nigeria chimadalira kwambiri kupanga mafuta ndi gasi. Maperesenti makumi asanu ndi anayi a ndalama zomwe dziko la Nigeria limalandira kunja zimachokera ku malonda a mafuta osapsa. Nigeria idachita bwino pazachuma pambuyo pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, yomwe idathetsa mikangano yachipembedzo pochepetsa umphawi mdzikolo (Lenshie, 2020). Umphawi ndi wamitundumitundu ku Nigeria pomwe anthu adalowa nawo mikangano yachipembedzo ndi zipembedzo kuti athe kupeza zofunika pamoyo (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Ulova ukuwonjezeka m’dzikolo, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwa chitukuko cha zachuma kungathandize kuchepetsa umphaŵi. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zambiri kungapereke mwayi kwa nzika kukhala mwamtendere mdera lawo (Iyoboyi, 2014). Izi zithandizanso pomanga masukulu ndi zipatala zomwe zitha kusokoneza achinyamata omwe ali ndi zigawenga kupita ku chitukuko cha anthu (Olusakin, 2006).
Pali kusamvana kwamtundu wina m'chigawo chilichonse cha Nigeria. Dera la Delta likukumana ndi mikangano pakati pa mafuko ake pakuwongolera chuma (Amiara et al., 2020). Mikangano imeneyi yasokoneza mtendere m’madera ndipo yasokoneza kwambiri achinyamata okhala m’derali. Kudera lakumpoto, kuli mikangano yazipembedzo ndi mikangano yosiyana siyana yokhudzana ndi ufulu wa munthu wa malo (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Kum'mwera kwa derali, anthu akukumana ndi tsankho zingapo chifukwa cha mphamvu zandale zamagulu angapo (Amiara et al., 2020). Choncho, umphawi ndi mphamvu zimathandizira kuti pakhale mikangano m'maderawa, ndipo chitukuko cha zachuma chingachepetse mikanganoyi.
Mikangano ya chikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo ku Nigeria imakhalanso chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ntchito ndi umphawi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu komanso zimathandizira kumenyana ndi zipembedzo (Salawu, 2010). Mlingo waumphawi ndi waukulu kumpoto chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu (Ugorji, 2017; Genyi, 2017). Kuphatikiza apo, madera akumidzi ali ndi zipolowe zambiri zachipembedzo komanso umphawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabizinesi asamukire kumayiko ena aku Africa (Etim et al., 2020). Izi zikusokoneza kuyambika kwa ntchito mdziko muno.
Mikangano ya zipembedzo za Ethno ili ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa chitukuko cha zachuma ku Nigeria, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzikoli likhale losakongola kwa ndalama. Ngakhale lili ndi nkhokwe zambiri zachilengedwe, dzikolo likucheperachepera pazachuma chifukwa cha kusokonekera kwamkati (Abdulkadir, 2011). Mtengo wachuma wa mikangano ku Nigeria ndi waukulu chifukwa cha mbiri yakale ya mikangano yachipembedzo. Pakhala kuchepa kwa malonda amitundu yosiyanasiyana pakati pa mafuko ofunikira, ndipo malondawa ndiye gwero lalikulu la moyo wa anthu ambiri (Amiara et al., 2020). Kumpoto kwa dziko la Nigeria n’kumene kumagulitsa nkhosa, anyezi, nyemba, ndi tomato, kum’mwera kwa dzikoli. Komabe, chifukwa cha mikangano ya zipembedzo za ethno-chipembedzo, zonyamula katunduzi zachepa. Alimi a kumpoto nawonso amakumana ndi mphekesera zoti ali ndi katundu wapoizoni yemwe akugulitsidwa kwa anthu akumwera. Zochitika zonsezi zimasokoneza malonda amtendere pakati pa zigawo ziwirizi (Odoh et al., 2014).
Ku Nigeria kuli ufulu wachipembedzo, kutanthauza kuti palibe chipembedzo china chilichonse. Choncho, kukhala ndi Mkristu kapena dziko lachisilamu si ufulu wachipembedzo chifukwa kumakakamiza chipembedzo china. Kulekanitsa boma ndi chipembedzo ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mikangano yachipembedzo yamkati (Odoh et al., 2014). Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa Asilamu ndi Akhristu m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo, ufulu wachipembedzo siwokwanira kuonetsetsa mtendere (Etim et al., 2020).
Nigeria ili ndi zachilengedwe komanso anthu ambiri, ndipo dzikolo lili ndi mafuko opitilira 400 (Salawu, 2010). Komabe, dzikolo likukumana ndi umphawi wadzaoneni chifukwa cha mikangano yapakati pa mafuko ndi zipembedzo. Mikangano iyi imakhudza moyo wamunthu payekha ndikuchepetsa zokolola zazachuma ku Nigeria. Mikangano yachipembedzo imakhudza gawo lililonse lazachuma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko la Nigeria likhale ndi chitukuko cha zachuma popanda kulamulira mikangano yamagulu ndi zipembedzo (Nwaomah, 2011). Mwachitsanzo, ziwawa za chikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo zakhudzanso ntchito zokopa alendo m'dzikoli. Masiku ano, chiwerengero cha alendo omwe amapita ku Nigeria ndi otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mayiko ena am'derali (Achimugu et al., 2020). Mavutowa akhumudwitsa achinyamata ndipo ayamba kuchita zachiwawa. Chiwopsezo cha kusowa kwa ntchito kwa achinyamata chikuwonjezeka ndi kukwera kwa mikangano yachipembedzo ku Nigeria (Odoh et al., 2014).
Ofufuza apeza kuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu, komwe kwatalikitsa kuchuluka kwachitukuko, pali mwayi wochepa kuti mayiko achire kuzovuta zachuma (Audu et al., 2020). Komabe, kuwonjezeka kwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali kungathandizire osati kutukuka kwa anthu a ku Nigeria, komanso kuchepetsa mikangano pakati pawo. Kupanga zosintha zabwino pakukula kwachuma kumatha kuchepetsa mikangano pazandalama, malo, ndi chuma kwambiri (Achimugu et al., 2020).
Njira
Ndondomeko ndi Njira/Chiphunzitso
Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito njira yofufuzira yowerengera, Bivariate Pearson Correlation. Makamaka, mgwirizano pakati pa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi ziwopsezo zakufa zomwe zidabwera chifukwa cha zovuta zachipembedzo ku Nigeria zidawunikidwa. Deta ya 2011 mpaka 2019 Gross Domestic Product idasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Trading Economics ndi World Bank, pomwe ziwopsezo zakufa ku Nigeria chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo zidasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Nigeria Security Tracker pansi pa Council on Foreign Relations. Zambiri za kafukufukuyu zidasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zina zodalirika zomwe zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. Kuti tipeze mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya kafukufukuyu, chida chowunikira cha SPSS chinagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Bivariate Pearson Correlation imapanga chitsanzo cha coefficient coefficient, r, yomwe imayesa mphamvu ndi mayendedwe a maubwenzi amzere pakati pa awiriawiri amitundu yopitilira (Kent State, 2020). Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu pepalali Bivariate Pearson Correlation inathandiza kuwunika umboni wa ziwerengero za ubale wa mzere pakati pa awiriawiri omwewo a mitundu ya anthu, omwe ndi Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Death Toll. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze kuyesa kofunikira kwa michira iwiri, null hypothesis (H0) ndi malingaliro ena (H1) za mayeso ofunikira a Correlation akufotokozedwa ngati malingaliro otsatirawa, pomwe ρ ndi coefficient coefficient ya chiwerengero cha anthu:
- H0: ρ= 0 ikuwonetsa kuti coefficient yolumikizana (Gross Domestic Product and Death Toll) ndi 0; kutanthauza kuti palibe chiyanjano.
- H1: ρ≠ 0 ikuwonetsa kuti coefficient yolumikizana (Gross Domestic Product and Death Toll) si 0; kutanthauza kuti pali chiyanjano.
Deta
Gulu 1: Zochokera ku Trading Economics/World Bank (Gross Domestic Product); Nigeria Security Tracker pansi pa Council on Foreign Relations (Imfa).
Chithunzi 1. Chiwerengero cha Imfa za Ethno-Religious by States ku Nigeria kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2019
Chithunzi 2. Chiwerengero cha Imfa za Ethno-Religious by Geopolitical Zones ku Nigeria kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2019
Results
Zotsatira zamalumikizidwe zikuwonetsa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi kuchuluka kwaimfa (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05). Izi zikutanthawuza kuti zosintha ziwirizi ndizofanana mwachindunji; komabe, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumatha kukhudza mwanjira ina. Choncho, pamene chuma cha dziko la Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) chikuwonjezeka, chiwerengero cha imfa chifukwa cha mikangano yachipembedzo chimawonjezeka (Onani Table 3). Zosinthazo zidasonkhanitsidwa zaka za 2011 mpaka 2019.
Table 2: Izi zimapereka chidule cha deta, zomwe zikuphatikizapo chiwerengero cha zinthu zonse / zosinthika, ndi kusiyana kosiyana ndi komwe kumachokera ku Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi chiwerengero cha imfa kwa zaka zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira.
Tebulo 3. Mgwirizano wapakati pa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Death Toll (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05).
Izi ndi zotsatira zenizeni zolumikizana. Ndalama Zapakhomo za ku Nigeria (GDP) ndi Death Toll zawerengedwa ndi kusanthula pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a SPSS. Zotsatira zitha kufotokozedwa motere:
- Kugwirizana kwa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi iyokha (r=1), ndi kuchuluka kwa zomwe sizinasowe za GDP (n=9).
- Kugwirizana kwa GDP ndi Chiwopsezo cha Imfa (r=0.766), kutengera zowonera n=9 zokhala ndi zikhalidwe zosagwirizana.
- Kugwirizana kwa Chiwopsezo cha Imfa ndi icho chokha (r=1), ndi kuchuluka kwa zowonera zolemera (n=9).
Tchati 1. Tchati cha scatterplot chikuwonetsa mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Death Toll. Mizere yopangidwa kuchokera ku deta ili ndi malo abwino. Choncho, pali mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa GDP ndi Death Toll.
Kukambirana
Potengera zotsatira izi, tinganene kuti:
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Death Toll ali ndi ubale wofunikira kwambiri (p <.05).
- Mayendedwe a ubalewo ndi abwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi Death Toll zimagwirizana bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, zosinthazi zimakonda kuchulukira palimodzi (mwachitsanzo, GDP yayikulu imalumikizidwa ndi Chiwerengero chachikulu cha Imfa).
- R squared of the association ndi pafupifupi (.3 < | r | | <.5).
Kafukufukuyu adafufuza za ubale womwe ulipo pakati pa kukula kwachuma monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi mikangano yachipembedzo, yomwe idaphetsa anthu osalakwa. Ndalama zonse zaku Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kuyambira 2011 mpaka 2019 ndi $4,035,000,000,000, ndipo anthu omwe anamwalira kuchokera m'maboma 36 ndi Federal Capital Territory (FCT) ndi 63,771. Mosiyana ndi malingaliro oyambilira a ofufuza, omwe anali akuti pamene Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ikukwera chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chidzachepetsedwa (mosiyana mosiyana), kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti pali mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa zochitika zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chiwerengero cha imfa. Izi zinasonyeza kuti pamene Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ikuwonjezeka, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chimawonjezeka (Tchati 2).
Tchati 2: Chiwonetsero chazithunzi cha mgwirizano wolunjika pakati pa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ndi imfa ya Nigeria kuchokera ku 2011 mpaka 2019. Mzere wa buluu umaimira Gross Domestic Product (GDP), ndipo mzere wa lalanje umayimira imfa. Kuchokera pa graph, wofufuza amatha kuona kukwera ndi kugwa kwa mitundu iwiriyi pamene akuyenda nthawi imodzi. Izi zikuwonetsa kulumikizana kwabwino monga zasonyezedwera mu Gulu 3.
Tchaticho chinapangidwa ndi Frank Swiontek.
Malangizo, Tanthauzo, Mapeto
Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa mikangano yachipembedzo ndi chitukuko cha zachuma ku Nigeria, mothandizidwa ndi mabuku. Ngati dziko likuwonjezera chitukuko chake chachuma ndikulinganiza bajeti ya pachaka komanso chuma pakati pa zigawo, kuthekera kochepetsera mikangano yachipembedzo kungakhale kwakukulu. Ngati boma lingalimbikitse mfundo zake ndi kulamulira magulu a mafuko ndi zipembedzo, ndiye kuti mikangano yapakati pawo ikanatha kuthetsedwa. Kusintha kwa ndondomeko pakufunika kuti pakhale ulamuliro pa nkhani za mafuko ndi zipembedzo za dziko lino, ndipo boma m’madera onse liyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kusinthaku kukuchitika. Chipembedzo sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, ndipo atsogoleri azipembedzo aziphunzitsa anthu kuti azivomerezana. Achinyamata asamachite nawo ziwawa zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha mikangano yamitundu ndi zipembedzo. Aliyense apeze mwayi wokhala nawo m'mabungwe andale m'dziko lino, komanso boma lisagawa chuma potengera mitundu yomwe imakonda. Maphunziro akuyenera kusinthidwanso, ndipo boma liphatikizepo phunziro lokhudza udindo wa nzika. Ophunzira ayenera kudziwa za nkhanza komanso tanthauzo lake pa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu. Boma likuyenera kukopa osunga ndalama m’dziko muno kuti lithe kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma m’dziko muno.
Ngati dziko la Nigeria lichepetsa mavuto ake azachuma, padzakhala mwayi waukulu wochepetsera mikangano yachipembedzo. Kumvetsetsa zotsatira za phunziroli, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa mikangano yachipembedzo ndi kukula kwachuma, maphunziro amtsogolo angapangidwe kuti apereke malingaliro a njira zopezera mtendere ndi chitukuko chokhazikika ku Nigeria.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mikangano ndi mafuko ndi zipembedzo, ndipo mikangano yayikulu yachipembedzo ku Nigeria yakhudza miyoyo ya anthu, zachuma, ndi ndale. Mikangano imeneyi yasokoneza mgwirizano pakati pa anthu a ku Nigeria ndipo yawapangitsa kukhala opanda chuma. Ziwawa zobwera chifukwa cha kusagwirizana kwa mafuko komanso mikangano yazipembedzo zawononga mtendere, chitukuko, ndi chitukuko cha zachuma ku Nigeria.
Zothandizira
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