Mlandu wa Gambia v. Myanmar

Kumapeto kwa February, misonkhano ya anthu inayamba ku Hague pamlandu wa The Gambia v. Myanmar m’bwalo la milandu la International Court of Justice. Dziko la Gambia lidasumira boma la Myanmar mchaka cha 2019, ponena kuti dziko la Southeast Asia linaphwanya mgwirizano wa Convention on the Prevention and Punishment on the Crime of Genocide, pangano lomwe mayiko 152 asayina, kuphatikiza Myanmar. Dziko la Gambia likunena kuti ziwawa zomwe dziko la Myanmar likuchita kwa anthu ochepa a Rohingya zikuphwanya mgwirizanowu.

Dziko la Myanmar lakhala likuzunza ndi kuzunza a Rohingya, kuwakana kukhala nzika, koma kuyambira mu 2016, ziwawa zankhanza zomwe zimachitika pafupipafupi kwa anthu a Rohingya zidapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri asamukire ku Bangladesh. Maboma ambiri amati zimene asilikali a ku Myanmar akuchita poyeretsa fuko kapena kupha anthu.

Kuyamba kwa mlanduwu kumabwera patatha chaka gulu lankhondo la dziko la Myanmar litalanda boma la dzikolo ndikumanga mtsogoleri wa boma lawo, Aung Saan Suu Kyi, yemwe wadzudzulidwa kamba kokhala chete pa zipolowe zomwe gulu lankhondo la Rohingya likuchita.

Zolemba zamilanduzo zitha kupezeka patsamba la International Court of Justice: https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/178

Nkhani yodziwitsa anthu za Human Rights Watch yomwe idasindikizidwa mu February ikupezekanso patsamba lino: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/14/developments-gambias-case-against-myanmar-international-court-justice

Chidule cha ICERM ku Myanmar

Tsitsani Mwachidule

The Gambia v. Myanmar: Chidule cha Mikangano.
Share

Nkhani

Kumanga Madera Okhazikika: Njira Zoyang'ana pa Ana za Yazidi Community Post-Genocide (2014)

Phunziroli likuyang'ana njira ziwiri zomwe njira zoyankhira zitha kutsatiridwa mu nthawi ya kuphedwa kwa anthu a Yazidi: oweruza komanso osaweruza. Chilungamo cha Transitional ndi mwayi wapadera wapanthawi yamavuto wothandizira kusintha kwa anthu ammudzi ndikulimbikitsa kukhala olimba mtima komanso chiyembekezo kudzera munjira zothandizirana, chithandizo chamitundumitundu. Palibe njira ya 'kukula kumodzi kokwanira zonse' munjira zotere, ndipo pepalali likuganizira zinthu zingapo zofunika pakukhazikitsa maziko a njira yothandiza kuti asamangogwira mamembala a Islamic State of Iraq ndi Levant (ISIL) omwe ali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo zotsutsana ndi anthu, koma kupatsa mphamvu mamembala a Yazidi, makamaka ana, kuti ayambenso kudzidalira komanso chitetezo. Pochita izi, ochita kafukufuku amayika miyezo yapadziko lonse yokhudzana ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wa ana, kufotokoza zomwe zili zoyenera muzochitika za Iraq ndi Kurdish. Kenako, popenda maphunziro omwe aphunziridwa kuchokera ku zochitika zofananira ku Sierra Leone ndi Liberia, kafukufukuyu amalimbikitsa njira zoyankhulirana zamagulu osiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhazikika pakulimbikitsa kutenga nawo gawo kwa ana ndi chitetezo mkati mwa Yazidi. Njira zachindunji zomwe ana angatengerepo ndi zomwe akuyenera kuchitapo zimaperekedwa. Zofunsa ku Iraqi Kurdistan ndi ana asanu ndi awiri opulumuka ku ukapolo wa ISIL adalola kuti ma akaunti awonedwe adziwike mipata yomwe ilipo potsatira zosowa zawo zaukapolo, ndipo zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mbiri ya zigawenga za ISIL, kulumikiza omwe akuti ndi olakwa kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Maumboniwa amapereka chidziwitso chapadera pa zomwe adapulumuka ku Yazidi, ndipo zikawunikiridwa pazachipembedzo, zamagulu ndi zigawo, zimamveketsa bwino pamasitepe otsatirawa. Ochita kafukufuku akuyembekeza kuti apereke chidziwitso chachangu pakukhazikitsa njira zogwirira ntchito zachilungamo zamtundu wa Yazidi, ndikuyitanitsa anthu omwe akuchita nawo mbali, komanso mayiko ena kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Commission Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) ngati bungwe. njira yopanda chilango yomwe ingalemekezere zochitika za Yazidis, ndikulemekeza zomwe mwana wakumana nazo.

Share

Kutembenuka ku Chisilamu ndi Ethnic Nationalism ku Malaysia

Pepalali ndi gawo la kafukufuku wokulirapo womwe umayang'ana kwambiri za kukwera kwa utundu wa anthu amtundu wa Malay ndi ukulu ku Malaysia. Ngakhale kuti kukwera kwa dziko la Malaysia kungabwere chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pepalali likukamba za lamulo lachisilamu la kutembenuka mtima ku Malaysia komanso ngati lalimbikitsa kapena ayi kuti mafuko a Malaysia akhale apamwamba. Malaysia ndi dziko lamitundu yambiri komanso zipembedzo zambiri lomwe lidalandira ufulu wake mu 1957 kuchokera ku Britain. Amaleya pokhala fuko lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zonse akhala akuwona chipembedzo cha Chisilamu monga gawo limodzi la kudziwika kwawo komwe kumawalekanitsa ndi mafuko ena omwe adabweretsedwa m'dzikoli panthawi yaulamuliro wa atsamunda a Britain. Ngakhale kuti Chisilamu ndi chipembedzo chovomerezeka, malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino amalola kuti zipembedzo zina zizichitidwa mwamtendere ndi anthu omwe si Achimalaya, omwe ndi amtundu wa China ndi Amwenye. Komabe, lamulo lachisilamu lomwe limayendetsa maukwati achisilamu ku Malaysia lalamula kuti anthu omwe si Asilamu alowe m'Chisilamu ngati akufuna kukwatirana ndi Asilamu. Mu pepala ili, ndikutsutsa kuti lamulo lachisilamu lotembenuzidwa lagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholimbikitsira maganizo a mtundu wa Chimalaya ku Malaysia. Deta yoyambirira idasonkhanitsidwa kutengera zoyankhulana ndi Asilamu aku Malay omwe adakwatirana ndi omwe si Achimalaya. Zotsatira zawonetsa kuti ambiri mwa omwe adafunsidwa ku Malaysia amaona kuti kutembenukira ku Chisilamu ndikofunikira monga momwe chipembedzo cha Chisilamu chimafunikira ndi malamulo a boma. Kuonjezera apo, sawonanso chifukwa chomwe anthu omwe si a Malawi angakane kuti alowe m'Chisilamu, chifukwa pabanja, anawo adzatengedwa ngati Amamaya malinga ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, omwe amabweranso ndi udindo ndi mwayi. Malingaliro a anthu omwe si a Malawi omwe adalowa Chisilamu adachokera ku mafunso achiwiri omwe adachitidwa ndi akatswiri ena. Popeza kuti kukhala Msilamu kumagwirizana ndi kukhala Mmalay, ambiri omwe si Amamalay omwe adatembenuka amadzimva kuti alibe chidziwitso chachipembedzo ndi fuko, ndipo amakakamizika kutengera chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa Malay. Ngakhale kuti kusintha lamulo lotembenuzidwa kungakhale kovuta, kukambirana momasuka pakati pa zipembedzo m'masukulu ndi m'magulu a boma kungakhale njira yoyamba yothetsera vutoli.

Share