The Phenomenon of Mass-midedness

Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mikangano yachipembedzo m'maiko padziko lonse lapansi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakupha anthu ambiri, kukhulupirira mwakhungu komanso kumvera. M’mayiko ambiri, anthu ena amakhala ndi maganizo oti anthu a mafuko kapena zipembedzo zina ndi adani awo. Iwo amaganiza kuti palibe chabwino chimene chingawachokere. Izi ndi zotsatira za madandaulo omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso tsankho. Monga momwe tikuonera, madandaulo oterowo nthaŵi zonse amasonyeza kusakhulupirirana, kusalolera kwakukulu ndi chidani. Ndiponso, pali ziŵalo zina za magulu achipembedzo amene, popanda chifukwa, sangakonde kuyanjana, kukhala, kukhala pansi, ngakhale kugwirana chanza ndi anthu a m’zipembedzo zina. Anthuwo akafunsidwa kuti afotokoze chifukwa chimene amachitira zimenezi, sangakhale ndi zifukwa zomveka kapena zofotokozera. Adzangokuuzani kuti: “Ndimo tinaphunzitsidwa”; “asiyana ndi ife”; “sitili ndi chikhulupiriro chofanana”; “amalankhula chinenero chosiyana ndi chikhalidwe chosiyana”.

Nthawi zonse ndikamvetsera ndemanga zimenezo, ndimakhumudwa kwambiri. Mwa iwo, munthu amawona momwe munthuyo amachitidwira ndi kuthetsedwa ku chisonkhezero chowononga cha chitaganya chimene akukhalamo.

M’malo motsatira zikhulupiriro zoterozo, munthu aliyense ayenera kuyang’ana m’katimo ndi kufunsa kuti: ngati chitaganya changa chapafupi chikundiuza kuti munthu winayo ndi woipa, wotsikirapo, kapena mdani, kodi ine amene ndili woganiza bwino ndimaganiza chiyani? Ngati anthu anena zoipa kwa ena, kodi ineyo ndiyenera kutengera zifukwa zotani? Kodi ndimatengeka ndi zimene anthu amanena, kapena ndimavomereza ndi kulemekeza ena monga anthu monga ine, mosasamala kanthu za zikhulupiriro zawo zachipembedzo kapena mafuko?

M'buku lake lotchedwa, The Undiscovered Self: The Dilemma of the Individual in Modern Society, Carl Jung [i] akunenetsa kuti “zambiri za moyo wa anthu m’chitaganya zakhala zikulamulidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha kutengeka maganizo ndi kusonkhana pamodzi.” Jung akufotokoza maganizo a anthu ambiri kukhala “kuchepetsa anthu kukhala magulu osadziwika, oganiza ngati a anthu, kuti asokonezedwe ndi nkhani zabodza ndi kutsatsa malonda kuti akwaniritse ntchito iliyonse yomwe angafunike kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mphamvu. Mzimu wodzitukumula ungathe kuchepetsa ndi kuchepetsa munthuyo, 'kum'pangitsa kudzimva wopanda pake monga momwe anthu onse akupita patsogolo.' Munthu wochulukirachulukira sadzilingalira, ali khanda m’makhalidwe ake, “wopanda nzeru, wosasamala, wamalingaliro, wosinthasintha ndi wosadalirika.” Paunyinji, munthuyo amataya mtengo wake ndipo amakhala wozunzidwa ndi "-isms." Posonyeza kuti alibe thayo pa zochita zake, munthu wochuluka amaona kuti n’zosavuta kuchita zinthu zoipa kwambiri popanda kuganiza, ndipo amadalira kwambiri anthu. Mkhalidwe woterewu ukhoza kuyambitsa zotulukapo zowopsa ndi mikangano.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji kukhala ndi maganizo ochuluka kuli choyambitsa mikangano ya zipembedzo? Zili choncho chifukwa chitaganya chimene tikukhalamo, oulutsira nkhani, ndi magulu ena a mafuko ndi zipembedzo amatipatsa lingaliro limodzi lokha, njira imodzi ya kulingalira, ndipo samalimbikitsa mafunso ozama ndi kukambitsirana momasuka. Njira zina zoganizira—kapena kutanthauzira—zimanyalanyazidwa kapena kunyozedwa. Chifukwa ndi umboni zimangotayidwa ndipo chikhulupiriro ndi kumvera kumalimbikitsidwa. Choncho, luso lofunsa mafunso, lomwe liri kofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha luso lofunika kwambiri, limapunthwa. Malingaliro ena, zikhulupiliro kapena njira za moyo zomwe zimasemphana ndi zomwe gulu limakhulupirira zimakanidwa mwamphamvu komanso mwamphamvu. Maganizo otere amaonekera m’madera amasiku ano ndipo ayambitsa kusamvana pakati pa mafuko ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana.

Lingaliro la kulingalira kwaunyinji liyenera kulowedwa m'malo ndi malingaliro amalingaliro ofunsa, kuwongolera ndi kumvetsetsa chifukwa chomwe zikhulupiriro zina ziyenera kugwiriridwa kapena kusiyidwa. Anthu ayenera kutengapo gawo mwachangu osati kumangotsatira ndi kusunga malamulo chabe. Ayenera kupereka kapena kupereka kuti zinthu ziwayendere bwino, osati kungodya ndi kuyembekezera kupatsidwa zambiri.

Kuti tisinthe malingaliro amtunduwu, pakufunika kuunikira malingaliro onse. Monga momwe Socrates adzanenera kuti “moyo wosaunika ngwosayenera kukhala ndi moyo kwa munthu,” anthu ayenera kudzipendanso, kumvetsera mawu awo amkati, ndi kukhala olimba mtima kuti agwiritse ntchito kulingalira kwawo asanalankhule kapena kuchitapo kanthu. Malinga ndi Immanuel Kant, “Kuunika ndiko kutuluka kwa munthu kuchokera ku ubwana wake wodzipangira yekha. Kusakhwima ndi kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito luntha la munthu popanda chitsogozo cha wina. Kusakhwima kumeneku kumadzipangira yekha pamene chifukwa chake sichikulephera kumvetsetsa, koma kusowa kutsimikiza ndi kulimba mtima kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanda chitsogozo cha wina. Sapere Aude! [Yesetsani kudziwa] "Limbani mtima kugwiritsa ntchito luntha lanu!" - umenewo ndiye mbiyo ya kuunikira”[ii].

Kukana malingaliro ochulukawa kungatheke kokha ndi munthu amene amamvetsetsa umunthu wake, akutero Carl Jung. Amalimbikitsa kufufuza kwa 'microcosm - chithunzithunzi cha chilengedwe chachikulu chaching'ono'. Tiyenera kuyeretsa nyumba yathu, kuyiyika bwino tisanapite patsogolo kuyika ena ndi dziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa "Palibe chomwe sichinachitikepo”, “palibe amene amapereka zomwe alibe”. Tiyeneranso kukulitsa mtima womvetsera kuti timvetsere kwambiri kayimbidwe ka umunthu wathu wamkati kapena mawu a moyo, ndi kulankhula mochepa za ena amene alibe chikhulupiriro chofanana ndi ife.

Ndikuwona Pulogalamu ya Interfaith Saturday Retreat iyi ngati mwayi wodziwunikira. Chinachake chomwe ndidachitcha kuti Voice of the Soul Workshop m'buku lomwe ndidasindikiza mu 2012. Kubwerera ngati uwu ndi mwayi wabwino kwambiri wosintha kuchoka ku malingaliro a anthu ambiri kupita ku umunthu wowoneka bwino, kuchoka pakuchita zinthu, kuchoka pauphunzitsi kupita ku ntchito. utsogoleri, ndi kucokera ku maganizo olandila kufika pa kupereka. Kupyolera mu izi, tikuitanidwanso kuti tifufuze ndikupeza zomwe tingathe, chuma cha zothetsera ndi kuthekera zomwe zili mkati mwathu, zomwe ndizofunikira kuthetsa mikangano, mtendere ndi chitukuko m'mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Chifukwa chake tikupemphedwa kuti tisinthe malingaliro athu kuchoka pa "zakunja" - zomwe zili kunja - kupita "zamkati" - zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwathu. Chotsatira cha mchitidwewu ndi kukwaniritsa metanoia, kuyesa kodziwikiratu kwa psyche kudzichiritsa yokha ku mikangano yosapiririka mwa kusungunula ndi kubadwanso mu mawonekedwe osinthika kwambiri [iii].

Pakati pa zododometsa zambiri ndi zokopa, zoneneza ndi zoneneza, umphawi, kuzunzika, zoipa, umbanda ndi mikangano yachiwawa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, Voice of the Soul Workshop yomwe kuthawa uku kumatiitanira, kumapereka mwayi wapadera wotulukira. kukongola ndi zenizeni zenizeni za chilengedwe zomwe munthu aliyense amanyamula mwa iye, ndi mphamvu ya "moyo wa moyo" umene umalankhula mokoma mtima ndi ife mwakachetechete. Chifukwa chake, ndikukuitanani kuti “mulowe mkati mwa malo opatulika a mkati mwanu, kutali ndi kuthamangitsidwa konse ndi zomwe zimatchedwa zokopa za moyo wakunja, ndi mukukhala chete kumvera mawu a moyo, kumva zopempha zake. , kudziwa mphamvu yake”[iv]. "Ngati malingaliro ali odzazidwa ndi zolimbikitsa zapamwamba, mfundo zokongola, zoyesayesa zachifumu, zokongola, ndi zolimbikitsa, mawu a mzimu amalankhula ndipo zoipa ndi zofooka zobadwa ndi mbali yosatukuka ndi yodzikonda ya umunthu wathu sizingabwere, kotero iwo adzatero. kufa”[v].

Funso lomwe ndikufuna kukusiyirani ndilakuti: Kodi tiyenera kupereka chiyani monga nzika za ufulu, maudindo ndi udindo (osati boma lokha, ngakhale atsogoleri athu amitundu kapena azipembedzo kapena ena omwe ali ndi maudindo aboma)? Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti dziko lathu likhale malo abwinoko?

Kulingalira pafunso lamtunduwu kumabweretsa kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira chuma chathu chamkati, kuthekera, luso, mphamvu, cholinga, zolakalaka ndi masomphenya. M’malo modikira kuti boma libweze mtendere ndi mgwirizano, tidzalimbikitsidwa kuti tiyambe kunyamula ng’ombe yamphongo ndi nyanga zake kuti tigwire ntchito yokhululukirana, kuyanjanitsa, mtendere ndi umodzi. Mwa kuchita zimenezi, timaphunzira kukhala odalirika, olimba mtima, ndi okangalika, ndi kuthera nthaŵi yochepa ponena za zofooka za ena. Monga momwe Katherine Tingley akunenera, “lingalirani kamphindi za kulengedwa kwa anthu anzeru. Ngati akanaima n’kubwerera m’mbuyo mokayikira panthaŵi imene chisonkhezero chaumulungu chinawakhudza, sitiyenera kukhala ndi nyimbo zapamwamba, zithunzi zokongola, zojambulajambula zouziridwa, ndi zopeka zodabwitsa. Mphamvu zolenga zimenezi, zokwezeka, ndiponso zolenga zimachokera ku umulungu wa munthu. Ngati ife tonse tinkakhala m’chidziŵitso ndi kukhudzika kwa kuthekera kwathu kwakukulu, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ndife miyoyo ndi kuti ifenso tiri ndi mwaŵi waumulungu woposa chirichonse chimene timachidziŵa kapena ngakhale kulingalira. Komabe timataya izi chifukwa sizovomerezeka kwa umunthu wathu wocheperako. Sizikugwirizana ndi maganizo athu. Chifukwa chake timayiwala kuti ndife gawo la dongosolo laumulungu la moyo, kuti tanthauzo la moyo ndi lopatulika komanso loyera, ndipo timadzilola kubwereranso m'malo osamvetsetsana, malingaliro olakwika, kukayikira, kusasangalala, ndi kutaya mtima ”[vi] .

Msonkhano wa Mau a Moyo udzatithandiza kupyola kusamvetsetsana, kutsutsa, kutsutsa, kumenyana, kusiyana kwa zipembedzo, ndi kuima molimba mtima kukhululukidwa, kuyanjanitsa, mtendere, mgwirizano, mgwirizano ndi chitukuko.

Kuti muwerenge zambiri pamutuwu, onani Ugorji, Basil (2012). Kuchokera ku Chilungamo Chachikhalidwe kupita ku Pakati pa Mitundu Yamitundu: Kuganizira za Kuthekera kwa Kuyimira pakati pa Ethno-Religious ku Africa. Colorado: Outskirts Press.

Zothandizira

[I] Carl Gustav Jung, katswiri wama psychiatrist waku Switzerland komanso woyambitsa wa analytical psychology, amaganiziridwa kukhala munthu payekha, njira yamaganizidwe yophatikiza zotsutsana kuphatikiza kuzindikira ndi kusazindikira kwinaku akusungabe kudziyimira pawokha, kofunikira kuti munthu akhale wathunthu. Kuti muwerenge mwatsatanetsatane za chiphunzitso cha Misa, onani Jung, Carl (2006) . The Undiscovered Self: Vuto la Munthu payekha mu Modern Society. New American Library. masamba 15-16 ; werenganinso Jung, CG (1989a). Zokumbukira, Maloto, Kusinkhasinkha (Rev. ed., C. Winston & R. Winston, Trans.) (A. Jaffe, Ed.). New York: Random House, Inc.

[Ii] Immanuel Kant, Yankho ku Funso: Kodi Kuunikira Ndi Chiyani? Konigsberg ku Prussia, 30 September 1784.

[iii] Kuchokera ku Greek μετάνοια, metanoia ndikusintha kwa malingaliro kapena mtima. Werengani psychology ya Carl Jung, op cit.

[iv] Katherine Tingley, Ulemerero wa Moyo (Pasadena, California: Theosophical University Press), 1996, mawu otengedwa kuchokera m'mutu woyamba wa bukuli, wotchedwa: "Voice of the Soul", lomwe likupezeka pa: http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/splendor/spl-1a .htm. Katherine Tingley anali mtsogoleri wa Theosophical Society (yomwe inatchedwa Universal Brotherhood ndi Theosophical Society) kuchokera ku 1896 mpaka 1929, ndipo amakumbukiridwa makamaka chifukwa cha ntchito yake yokonzanso maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu yomwe inali ku likulu la padziko lonse la Sosaiti ku Point Loma, California.

[V] Ibid.

[vi] Ibid.