Mkangano wa Kampani ya Mining ku Democratic Republic of Congo

Chinachitika ndi chiyani? Mbiri Yakale ya Kusamvana

Dziko la Congo lapatsidwa nkhokwe zosungiramo mchere zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, pafupifupi $24 thililiyoni (Kors, 2012), zomwe zikufanana ndi GDP ya Europe ndi United States kuphatikiza (Noury, 2010). Pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba ya ku Congo yomwe inachotsa Mobutu Sese Seko mu 1997, makampani amigodi omwe ankafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mchere wa ku Congo adasaina mapangano a bizinesi ndi Laurent Desire Kabila asanatenge udindo. Bungwe la Banro Mining Corporation linagula maudindo a migodi omwe anali a Société Minière et Industrielle du Kivu (SOMINKI) ku South Kivu (Kamituga, Luhwindja, Luguswa ndi Namoya). Mu 2005, Banro anayamba ntchito yofufuza malo ku Luhwindja chefferie, m'dera la Mwenga, kenako ndikuchotsa mu 2011.

Ntchito ya migodi ya kampaniyo ili m’madera omwe kale anali a anthu a m’derali, komwe ankapeza ndalama kudzera mu migodi ndi ulimi. Midzi isanu ndi umodzi (Bigaya, Luciga, Buhamba, Lwaramba, Nyora ndi Cibanda) idasamutsidwa ndipo ikusamutsidwa kudera lamapiri lotchedwa Cinjira. Maziko a kampaniyo (chithunzi 1, p. 3) ali m'dera la 183 km2 lomwe kale linali ndi anthu pafupifupi 93,147. Mudzi wa Luciga wokha akuti udali ndi anthu 17,907.^[1] Asanasamutsidwe ku Cinjira, eni minda anali ndi zitupa zoperekedwa ndi mafumu a m’deralo atapereka ng’ombe, mbuzi kapena chizindikiro china choyamikira m’deralo. Kalinzi [appreciation]. M’miyambo ya anthu a ku Kongo, malo amaonedwa kuti ndi katundu wamba woti agawire anthu a m’dera lawo osati munthu aliyense payekha. Anthu amtundu wa Banro anathawa kwawo potsatira zikalata za umwini zautsamunda zomwe boma la Kinshasa linalandira zomwe zidalanda anthu omwe anali ndi malo malinga ndi malamulo achikhalidwe.

Panthawi yofufuza, pamene kampaniyo ikubowola ndi kutenga zitsanzo, madera adasokonezeka ndi kubowola, phokoso, miyala yogwa, maenje otseguka, ndi mapanga. Anthu ndi nyama zinagwera m’mapanga ndi m’maenje, ndipo zina zinavulazidwa ndi miyala imene inagwa. Nyama zina sizinapezekenso m’mapanga ndi m’maenje, pamene zina zinaphedwa ndi miyala yogwa. Anthu a ku Luhwindja atachita zionetsero ndi kufuna kulipidwa, kampaniyo inakana ndipo m’malo mwake inalankhula ndi boma la Kinshasa lomwe linatumiza asilikali kuti akaletse ziwonetserozo. Asilikaliwo anawombera anthu, kuvulaza ena ndipo ena anaphedwa kapena kufa pambuyo pake chifukwa cha zilonda zomwe anavulala m'malo opanda chithandizo chamankhwala. Maenje ndi mapanga amakhalabe otseguka, amadzazidwa ndi madzi osasunthika ndipo mvula ikagwa, imakhala malo oberekera udzudzu, kubweretsa malungo kwa anthu opanda zipatala zogwira mtima.

Mu 2015, kampaniyo inalengeza kuti malo osungirako a Twangiza awonjezeka ndi 59 peresenti, osawerengera ndalama za Namoya, Lugushwa ndi Kamituga. Mu 2016, kampaniyo idapanga ma ola 107,691 agolide. Phindu lomwe limapezeka sizikuwoneka pakukula kwa moyo wa anthu amderalo, omwe amakhalabe osauka, osagwira ntchito, komanso akukumana ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ndi chilengedwe zomwe zitha kuyika dziko la Congo m'nkhondo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuzunzika kwa anthu kumawonjezeka mogwirizana ndi kufunikira kwa mchere padziko lonse lapansi.

Nkhani za Wina ndi Mnzake - momwe gulu lililonse limamvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika komanso chifukwa chake

Nkhani ya Woimira Community ku Congo - Banro akuwopseza moyo wathu

Udindo: Banro ayenera kutilipira ndikupitiriza migodi pokhapokha atakambirana ndi madera. Ndife eni migodi osati akunja. 

Chidwi:

Chitetezo/Chitetezo: Kusamuka mokakamiza kwa anthu kuchoka kudziko la makolo athu komwe tinkapeza zofunika pa moyo komanso malipiro osayenera ndi kuphwanya ulemu ndi ufulu wathu. Timafunikira malo kuti tikhale bwino ndi osangalala. Sitingakhale ndi mtendere dziko lathu litalandidwa. Tingatuluke bwanji mu umphawi umenewu pamene sitingathe kulima kapena mgodi? Ngati tipitirizabe kukhala opanda malo, timasiyidwa opanda chochita kupatulapo kujowina ndi/kapena kupanga magulu ankhondo.

Zosowa Zachuma: Anthu ambiri alibe ntchito ndipo takhala osauka kuposa kubwera kwa Banro. Popanda nthaka, tilibe ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, tinali ndi mitengo yazipatso ndi kulima yomwe tinkapezako ndalama m’nyengo zosiyanasiyana zapachaka. Ana ankadyanso zipatso, nyemba, ndi mapeyala. Sitingakwanitsenso kuchita zimenezi. Ana ambiri akudwala matenda opereŵera m’thupi. Ogwira ntchito m'migodi sangathenso kukumba. Kulikonse komwe amapeza golide, Banro akunena kuti ali pansi pa chilolezo chake. Mwachitsanzo, ena ogwira ntchito m’migodi anapeza malo omwe anawatcha kuti ‘Makimbilio’ (Swahili, malo othawirako) ku Cinjira. Banro akuti ali pansi pa malo ake ovomerezeka. Tinkaganiza kuti Cinjira ndi wathu ngakhale kuti moyo uli ngati msasa wa anthu othawa kwawo. Banro amalimbikitsanso ziphuphu. Amapereka ziphuphu kwa akuluakulu a boma kuti atiopseze, azizemba misonkho komanso kuti apeze ndalama zotchipa. Zikadakhala kuti sizinali zakatangale, Malamulo a Migodi a 2002 akuwonetsa kuti Banro akuyenera kusungirako malo ogwira ntchito zachitukuko ndikutsata ndondomeko za chilengedwe. Pambuyo popereka ziphuphu kwa akuluakulu a m'deralo, kampaniyo ikugwira ntchito popanda chilango. Amachita momwe angafunire ndipo amati ndi eni ake malo aliwonse amchere omwe amakhala ndi anthu ogwira ntchito m'migodi, zomwe zikuchulukitsa mikangano ndi zipolowe m'madera. Ngati a Banro anena kuti ali ndi minda yonse ya mchere, kodi anthu opitilira miliyoni imodzi ndi mabanja awo adzapeza kuti? Njira yokhayo yomwe yatsala kwa ife ndikunyamula mfuti kuti titeteze ufulu wathu. Nthawi ikubwera pamene magulu ankhondo adzaukira makampani amigodi. 

Zofuna Zathupi: Nyumba zomwe Banro adamangira mabanja ku Cinjira ndizochepa kwambiri. Makolo amakhala m’nyumba imodzi ndi ana awo achichepere, pamene mwamwambo, anyamata ndi atsikana ayenera kukhala ndi nyumba zosiyana m’gulu la makolo awo ndipo pamene sizingatheke, anyamata ndi atsikana azikhala ndi zipinda zosiyana. Izi sizingatheke m'nyumba zing'onozing'ono ndi zing'onozing'ono zomwe simungathe kumanga nyumba zina. Ngakhale makhichini ali ang'onoang'ono kotero kuti tilibe malo pafupi ndimoto momwe tinkakhala monga banja, kuwotcha chimanga kapena chinangwa ndi kukamba nkhani. Kwa banja lirilonse, chimbudzi ndi khitchini zili pafupi ndi mzake zomwe ziri zopanda thanzi. Ana athu alibe kosewera panja, popeza nyumba zili paphiri lamiyala. Cinjira ili paphiri lotsetsereka, pamalo okwera, ndipo kutentha kumakhala kozizira kwambiri ndi chifunga chosalekeza chomwe nthawi zina chimakwirira nyumba, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti kuwoneka kovuta ngakhale masana. Imakhalanso yotsetsereka komanso yopanda mitengo. Mphepo ikawomba imatha kugwetsa pansi munthu wofooka. Komabe, sitingathe ngakhale kubzala mitengo chifukwa cha malo amiyala.

Kuphwanya Chilengedwe/Upandu: Panthawi yofufuza, Banro adawononga chilengedwe chathu ndi maenje ndi mapanga omwe atseguka mpaka lero. Gawo la migodi limakhalanso ndi zotsatira zowononga ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu ndi maenje akuya. Michira yochokera ku migodi ya golide imatsanuliridwa m'mphepete mwa misewu ndipo tikukayikira kuti ili ndi ma cyanide acid. Monga momwe chithunzi 1 pansipa chikusonyezera, malo omwe kulikulu la Banro ali ndi malo opanda kanthu, pokumana ndi mphepo yamphamvu ndi kukokoloka kwa nthaka.

Chithunzi 1: Malo amigodi a Banro Corporation[2]

Banro amagwiritsa ntchito asidi wa cyanide ndipo utsi wochokera kufakitale waphatikizana kuti uwononge nthaka, mpweya, ndi madzi. Madzi okhala ndi poizoni ochokera kufakitale amatsanuliridwa mu mitsinje ndi nyanja zomwe zimatipatsa chakudya. Zomwezo poizoni zimakhudza tebulo lamadzi. Tikukumana ndi matenda osachiritsika a m'mapapo, khansa ya m'mapapo, matenda opumira kwambiri, matenda amtima ndi zovuta zina zambiri. Ng’ombe, nkhumba ndi mbuzi zaphapo madzi a fakitale, zomwe zapha. Kutulutsa kwazitsulo mumlengalenga kumayambitsanso mvula ya asidi yomwe imawononga thanzi lathu, zomera, nyumba, zamoyo zam'madzi ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zimapindula ndi madzi amvula. Kuipitsidwa kosalekeza, kuwononga nthaka, mpweya ndi madzi kungayambitse kusowa kwa chakudya, kusowa kwa nthaka ndi madzi ndipo zitha kubweretsa dziko la Congo kunkhondo zachilengedwe.

Kukhala / Mwini ndi Ntchito Zothandiza Anthu: Cinjira ali kutali ndi madera ena. Tili tokha pamene kale, midzi yathu inali pafupi wina ndi mzake. Kodi malowa tingawatchule bwanji kwathu pomwe tilibe ngakhale zikalata za umwini? Tikulandidwa zipatala ndi masukulu. Tikuda nkhawa kuti tikadwala, makamaka ana athu ndi amayi oyembekezera, tikhoza kufa tisanapite kuchipatala. Cinjira alibe sukulu za sekondale, zomwe zimangopangitsa kuti ana athu aziphunzira ku pulaimale. Ngakhale pamasiku ozizira kwambiri omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi paphiri, timayenda mitunda yayitali kuti tikapeze chithandizo chamankhwala, masukulu, ndi msika. Msewu wokhawo wopita ku Cinjira unamangidwa pamalo otsetsereka kwambiri, omwe anthu ambiri amafikapo ndi magalimoto ama 4 × 4 (omwe munthu wamba sangakwanitse). Magalimoto a Banro ndi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito nsewu ndipo amayendetsedwa mosasamala, zomwe zikuwopseza miyoyo ya ana athu omwe nthawi zina amasewerera pambali pa msewu komanso anthu omwe amawoloka kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana. Takhalapo ndi milandu yomwe anthu amagwetsedwa ndipo ngakhale amwalira, palibe amene amafunsidwa.

Kudzidalira/Ulemu/Ufulu Waumunthu: Ulemu ndi ufulu wathu zikuphwanyidwa m'dziko lathu. Kodi ndichifukwa choti ndife Afirika? Tikuona kuti ndife onyazitsidwa ndipo tilibe poti tinganene nkhani yathu. Pamene mafumu ankafuna kulankhula ndi azunguwo, sanamvere. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mphamvu pakati pathu ndi kampani yomwe, chifukwa ili ndi ndalama, imakhala ndi ulamuliro pa boma lomwe liyenera kuwayimbira mlandu. Ndife ovutika. Boma kapena kampani sizimatilemekeza. Onse amachita ndi kutichitira monga Mfumu Leopold II kapena atsamunda a ku Belgian akuganiza kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa ife. Ngati anali apamwamba, olemekezeka komanso amakhalidwe abwino, n’chifukwa chiyani amabwera kuno kudzatibera chuma chathu? Munthu wolemekezeka saba. Palinso chinthu china chimene timavutika kumvetsa. Anthu omwe amatsutsa ntchito za Banro amatha kufa. Mwachitsanzo, yemwe kale anali Mwami (mfumu) ya Luhindja Philemon …anali wotsutsana ndi kusamuka kwa anthu. Pamene ankapita ku France, galimoto yake inatenthedwa ndipo anamwalira. Ena amasowa kapena kulandira makalata ochokera ku Kinshasa kuti asasokoneze Banro. Ngati ulemu ndi ufulu wathu sizikulemekezedwa kuno ku Congo, ndi kuti komwe tingalemekezedwe? Ndi dziko liti lomwe tingatchule kwathu? Kodi tingapite ku Canada ndikuchita monga Banro amachitira kuno?

Chilungamo: Tikufuna chilungamo. Kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi zinayi, tikuvutika ndi mobwerezabwereza kunena nkhani zathu, koma palibe chomwe chachitikapo. Izi sizikuwerengera zofunkha za dziko lino zomwe zidayamba ndi 1885 scramble and partition of Africa. Nkhanza zomwe zachitika m’dziko muno, miyoyo imene inatayika ndiponso chuma chofunkhidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ziyenera kulipidwa. 

Nkhani ya Woimira Banro - Anthu ndi vuto.

Udindo:  Sitidzaimitsa migodi.

Chidwi:

Chuma: Golide amene tikukumba si waulere. Tidayika ndalama ndipo timafunikira phindu. Monga masomphenya ndi cholinga chathu: Tikufuna kukhala "Premier Central Africa Gold Mining company," mu "malo oyenera, kuchita zinthu zoyenera, nthawi zonse." Mfundo zathu zikuphatikizapo kupanga tsogolo lokhazikika la madera omwe akukhala nawo, kuyika ndalama mwa anthu ndi kutsogolera mwachilungamo. Tinkafuna kulemba ntchito anthu ena akumaloko koma alibe luso lomwe timafunikira. Tikudziwa kuti anthu ammudzi ankayembekezera kuti moyo wawo ukhale wabwino. Sitingathe. Tinamanga msika, kukonza masukulu, kukonza msewu komanso kupereka ambulansi ku chipatala chapafupi. Ife sitiri boma. Yathu ndi bizinesi. Madera omwe adasamutsidwa adalipidwa. Pa nthochi iliyonse kapena mtengo wa zipatso, ankalandira $20.00. Amadandaula kuti sitinalipire mbewu zina monga nsungwi, mitengo yopanda zipatso, polyculture, fodya, ndi zina zotero. Kodi munthu amapeza ndalama zingati kuchokera ku zomera zimenezo? Ku Cinjira, ali ndi malo olimapo masamba. Ankathanso kuzikulitsa m’matini kapena m’khonde. 

Chitetezo/Chitetezo: Tikuopsezedwa ndi chiwawa. N’chifukwa chake timadalira boma kuti lititeteze kwa asilikali. Antchito athu akhala akuwukiridwa kangapo.[3]

Ufulu Wachilengedwe: Timatsatira malangizo omwe ali mu code ya migodi ndikuchita zinthu moyenera kwa anthu omwe akukhala nawo. Timatsatira malamulo a chigawochi ndikukhala ngati opereka chuma amphamvu komanso odalirika m'dziko lathu komanso m'dera lathu, ndikuwongolera zoopsa zomwe zingawononge mbiri yathu. Koma sitingachite zambiri kuposa zimene malamulo a dziko amafuna. Nthawi zonse timayesetsa kuchepetsa zochitika zachilengedwe pokambirana ndi anthu. Tinkafuna kuphunzitsa ndi kupanga mapangano anthu am'deralo omwe angabzale mitengo kulikonse komwe tamaliza ntchito yamigodi. Tikufuna kuchita zimenezo.

Kudzidalira/Ulemu/Ufulu Waumunthu: Timatsatira mfundo zathu zazikulu, zomwe ndi kulemekeza anthu, kuwonekera, kukhulupirika, kutsata, ndipo timagwira ntchito bwino. Sitingathe kuyankhula ndi aliyense m'madera omwe tikulandira. Timatero kudzera mwa akuluakulu awo.

Kukula/Phindu: Ndife okondwa kuti tikupindula kwambiri kuposa momwe timayembekezera. Izi zili choncho chifukwa timagwira ntchito yathu moona mtima komanso mwaukadaulo. Cholinga chathu ndikuthandizira kukula kwa kampani, moyo wabwino wa ogwira ntchito athu, ndikupanganso tsogolo lokhazikika la madera.

Zothandizira

Kors, J. (2012). Mchere wamagazi. Sayansi Yamakono, 9( 95), 10-12 . Zabwezedwa kuchokera ku https://joshuakors.com/bloodmineral.htm

Noury, V. (2010). Themberero la coltani. Watsopano waku Africa, (494), 34-35. Kuchokera ku https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-224534703/the-curse-of-coltan-drcongo-s-mineral-wealth-particularly

[1] Chefferie de Luhwindja (2013). Rapport du recensement de la chefferie de Luhwindja. Chiwerengero cha othawa kwawo chikuyerekezedwa kuyambira kalembera womaliza ku Congo mu 1984.

[2] Maziko a Banro ali kumudzi wa Mbwega, ku gulu wa Luciga, mu ufumu wa Luhwundja wokhala ndi zisanu ndi zinayi magulu.

[3] Pazitsanzo pakuwukira onani: Mining.com (2018) Asitikali amapha asanu poukira mgodi wagolide wa Banro Corp kum'mawa kwa Congo. http://www.mining.com/web/militia-kills-five-attack-banro-corps-east-congo-gold-mine/; Reuters (2018) Magalimoto a mgodi wa golide wa Banro adaukira kum'mawa kwa Congo, awiri amwalira: Gulu lankhondo congo-two-dead-army-idUSKBN1KW0IY

Pulojekiti ya Mediation: Phunziro la Nkhani la Mediation lopangidwa ndi Evelyn Namakula Mayanja, 2019