Kuthetsa Mtendere ndi Mikangano: Maonedwe aku Africa

Chipembedzo ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika za chikhalidwe ndi zachuma zomwe zimakhudza anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Monga momwe zikuwonekera, chipembedzo sichofunikira kokha kuti timvetsetse za kukhalapo kwa anthu amtundu uliwonse komanso chimagwirizana ndi mfundo zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi chitukuko. Umboni wa m'mbiri ndi chikhalidwe pa mawonetseredwe osiyanasiyana ndi mayina a zochitika zachipembedzo ndi wochuluka. Dziko la Igbo ku Southern Nigeria, kumbali zonse za mtsinje wa Niger, ndi limodzi mwa magulu akuluakulu a zamalonda akuda ku Africa, omwe ali ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino chachipembedzo chomwe chimakhudza chitukuko chokhazikika komanso kuyanjana pakati pa mitundu pakati pa miyambo yawo. Koma malo achipembedzo ku Igboland akusintha mosalekeza. Mpaka 1840, zipembedzo zazikulu za Igbo zinali zachikhalidwe kapena zachikhalidwe. Pasanathe zaka makumi aŵiri pambuyo pake, pamene ntchito yaumishonale yachikristu inayamba m’derali, panabuka gulu lina lankhondo limene likanasinthanso chipembedzo cha m’deralo. Chikristu chinakula mpaka kucheperapo kulamulira komaliza. Zaka XNUMX zisanachitike Chikhristu ku Igboland, Chisilamu ndi zikhulupiriro zina zazing'ono zidayamba kupikisana ndi zipembedzo zaku Igbo ndi Chikhristu. Pepalali likutsatira za kusiyanasiyana kwa zipembedzo komanso kufunikira kwake pakukula kogwirizana ku Igboland. Imakoka zambiri kuchokera kuzinthu zosindikizidwa, zoyankhulana, ndi zojambula. Akunena kuti zipembedzo zatsopano zikatuluka, chikhalidwe chachipembedzo cha Igbo chidzapitilira kusiyanasiyana ndi / kapena kusintha, kaya kuphatikiza kapena kudzipatula pakati pa zipembedzo zomwe zilipo komanso zomwe zikubwera, kuti a Igbo apulumuke.