Chipembedzo ndi Mikangano Padziko Lonse Lapansi: Kodi Pali Njira Yothetsera?

Chipembedzo ndi Mikangano Padziko Lonse Lapansi: Kodi Pali Njira Yothetsera? pa ICERM Radio idawulutsidwa Lachinayi, Seputembara 15, 2016 @ 2 PM Eastern Time (New York).

Mndandanda wa Maphunziro a ICERM

mutu: "Chipembedzo ndi Mikangano Padziko Lonse Lapansi: Kodi Pali Njira Yothetsera?"

Mlendo Wophunzitsa: Peter Ochs, Ph.D., Edgar Bronfman Pulofesa wa Modern Judaic Studies ku yunivesite ya Virginia; ndi Cofounder of the (Abrahamic) Society for Scriptural Reasoning and the Global Covenant of Religions (bungwe lomwe si la NGO lodzipereka ku mabungwe aboma, achipembedzo, ndi mabungwe aboma m'njira zambiri zochepetsera mikangano yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo).

Zosinthasintha:

Mitu yankhani yaposachedwapa ikuwoneka kuti ikulimbitsa mtima anthu osapembedza kunena kuti “Tinakuuzani zimenezo!” Kodi chipembedzo chenichenicho n'choopsadi kwa anthu? Kapena kodi zatenga akazembe akumadzulo kwa nthawi yayitali kuti azindikire kuti magulu achipembedzo samachita ngati magulu ena a anthu: kuti pali zinthu zachipembedzo zamtendere komanso mikangano, kuti pamafunika chidziwitso chapadera kumvetsetsa zipembedzo, komanso kuti migwirizano yatsopano ya boma ndi Atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi mabungwe akufunika kuti azichita nawo magulu achipembedzo panthawi yamtendere komanso mikangano. Phunziroli likuwonetsa ntchito ya "Global Covenant of Religions, Inc.," bungwe latsopano lopanda boma lodzipereka kugwiritsa ntchito zachipembedzo komanso zaboma ndi mabungwe a anthu kuti achepetse ziwawa zokhudzana ndi zipembedzo….

Ndemanga ya Lecture

Introduction: Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti chipembedzo n’chimene chikuyambitsa nkhondo padziko lonse. Ndilankhula nanu molimba mtima. Ndifunsa zomwe zikuwoneka ngati 2 mafunso osatheka? Ndipo ndidzanenanso kuti ndiwayankha: (a) Kodi chipembedzo chenichenicho n’choopsadi kwa anthu? NDIDZAyankha Inde. (b) Koma kodi pali njira iliyonse yothetsera chiwawa chokhudzana ndi chipembedzo? NDIDZAyankha Inde alipo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndidzakhala ndi chutzpah yokwanira kuganiza kuti ndikuuzeni yankho lake.

Phunziro langa lakonzedwa m'zinthu zazikulu 6.

Lembani #1:  CHIPEMBEDZO chakhala chowopsa nthaŵi zonse chifukwa chipembedzo chilichonse mwachizoloŵezi chakhala ndi njira yopezera munthu aliyense mwachindunji ku mikhalidwe yozama kwambiri ya chitaganya. Ndikanena izi, ndimagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "makhalidwe" kutanthauza njira zopezera mwachindunji malamulo amakhalidwe komanso chidziwitso komanso ubale womwe umagwirizanitsa gulu - motero amamanga anthu kuti azigwirizana..

Lembani #2: Chonena changa chachiwiri ndichakuti CHIPEMBEDZO NDICHOOPSA KWAMBIRI TSOPANO, LERO

Pali zifukwa zambiri Chifukwa chake, koma ndikukhulupirira kuti chifukwa champhamvu komanso chozama kwambiri ndi chakuti chitukuko chamakono cha Kumadzulo chakhala chikuyesera kuthetsa mphamvu ya zipembedzo m'miyoyo yathu kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Koma kodi nchifukwa ninji zoyesayesa zamakono zofooketsa chipembedzo zingapangitse chipembedzo kukhala chowopsa kwambiri? Zosiyana ziyenera kukhala choncho! Nayi yankho langa la magawo 5:

• Chipembedzo sichinachoke.
• Pakhala pali kukhetsa kwa ubongo ndi mphamvu za chikhalidwe kutali ndi zipembedzo zazikulu za Kumadzulo, choncho kutali ndi kusamalidwa mosamala kwa magwero ozama amtengo wapatali omwe adakalipo nthawi zambiri osapezeka pa maziko a chitukuko cha Kumadzulo.
• Kuwonongedwa kumeneko kunachitika osati Kumadzulo kokha komanso m’maiko a Dziko Lachitatu olamulidwa ndi maulamuliro a Kumadzulo kwa zaka 300.
• Pambuyo pa zaka 300 zautsamunda, chipembedzo chikhalabe cholimba m'chilakolako cha otsatira ake Kum'maŵa ndi Kumadzulo, koma chipembedzo sichikutukukanso kupyola zaka mazana ambiri za maphunziro, kukonzanso, ndi chisamaliro.  
• Chomaliza changa ndi chakuti, pamene maphunziro achipembedzo ndi kuphunzira ndi kuphunzitsa sikukutukuka komanso kosakonzedwa bwino, ndiye kuti zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe cha anthu zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi zipembedzo zimakhala zosatukuka komanso zosasinthidwa ndipo mamembala a magulu achipembedzo amakhala ndi makhalidwe oipa pamene akukumana ndi zovuta zatsopano ndi kusintha.

Lembani #3: Mfundo yanga yachitatu ikukhudza chifukwa chimene maulamuliro amphamvu padziko lonse alephera kuthetsa nkhondo zachipembedzo ndi ziwawa. Nazi zizindikiro zitatu za kulephera uku.

• Mabungwe a mayiko a Kumadzulo, kuphatikizapo bungwe la United Nations, angozindikira posachedwapa za kuwonjezeka kwapadziko lonse makamaka m’mikangano yachiwawa yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo.
• Kuwunika koperekedwa ndi Jerry White, yemwe kale anali Wachiwiri kwa Mlembi wa Boma yemwe ankayang'anira Bungwe latsopano la Dipatimenti ya Boma lomwe limayang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa mikangano, makamaka pokhudza zipembedzo: ... tsopano gwirani ntchito yabwino m’munda, kusamalira ozunzidwa ndi mikangano yokhudzana ndi chipembedzo, ndipo, nthaŵi zina, kukambitsirana za kuchepetsa chiwawa chokhudzana ndi chipembedzo. Iye akuwonjeza, komabe, kuti mabungwewa sanachite bwino kwenikweni pothetsa nkhani iliyonse ya mikangano yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo yomwe ikupitilira.
• Ngakhale kuti mphamvu za boma zachepa m’madera ambiri a dziko lapansi, maboma akuluakulu a Kumadzulo akadali ndi mphamvu imodzi yokha yolimbana ndi mikangano yapadziko lonse. Koma atsogoleri a ndale zakunja, ofufuza ndi othandizira ndi maboma onsewa atengera malingaliro akale azaka mazana ambiri kuti kuphunzira mosamalitsa kwa zipembedzo ndi magulu achipembedzo si chida chofunikira pakufufuza, kupanga mfundo, kapena kukambirana.

Lembani #4: Chonena changa chachinayi ndikuti Njira yothetsera vutoli imafuna lingaliro latsopano la kumanga mtendere. Lingaliroli ndi “latsopano” chabe, chifukwa ndi lofala m'madera ambiri a anthu, komanso m'magulu ena achipembedzo ndi mitundu ina ya miyambo. Ngakhale zili choncho, "zatsopano," chifukwa oganiza amakono amakonda kuchotsera nzeru zomwe wambazi potengera mfundo zingapo zosamveka zomwe zili zothandiza, koma zikasinthidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zomanga zamtendere. Malinga ndi lingaliro latsopanoli:

• Sitiphunzira “chipembedzo” mwachisawawa monga momwe zimachitikira anthu….Timaphunzira momwe magulu omwe akulimbana nawo amachitira chipembedzo chawo chamtundu wina. Timachita zimenezi pomvetsera anthu a m’maguluwa akulongosola zipembedzo zawo m’njira yawoyawo.
• Chimene tikutanthauza ndi phunziro la chipembedzo sikungophunzira chabe za makhalidwe ozama kwambiri a gulu linalake la kumaloko; ndi kafukufuku wa momwe mfundozo zimagwirizanirana ndi chuma, ndale, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Izi ndi zomwe zinali kusowa pofufuza za ndale za kusamvana mpaka pano: kuyang'ana pa mfundo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa zochitika zonse za gulu, ndipo zomwe timatcha "chipembedzo" zimatanthawuza zilankhulo ndi machitidwe omwe magulu ambiri omwe si a Kumadzulo amagwirizanitsa nawo. makhalidwe abwino.

Lembani #5: Cholinga changa chachisanu ndi chakuti pulogalamu ya bungwe latsopano la padziko lonse, "Pangano la Zipembedzo Padziko Lonse," ikuwonetsera momwe omanga mtendere angagwiritsire ntchito lingaliro latsopanoli pokonza ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ndi njira zothetsera mikangano yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo padziko lonse lapansi. Zolinga zofufuzira za GCR zikuwonetsedwa ndi kuyesetsa kwa kafukufuku watsopano ku yunivesite ya Virginia: Chipembedzo, Ndale, ndi Mikangano (RPC). RPC imatengera malo awa:

• Maphunziro oyerekeza ndi njira yokhayo yowonera machitidwe achipembedzo. Kusanthula kwachilangizo, mwachitsanzo muzachuma kapena ndale kapena maphunziro achipembedzo, samazindikira njira zotere. Koma, tapeza kuti, tikayerekeza zotsatira za kusanthula koteroko mbali ndi mbali, tikhoza kuzindikira zochitika zenizeni zachipembedzo zomwe sizinawonekere mu lipoti lililonse la munthu kapena seti ya deta.
• Pafupifupi zonse za chinenero. Chinenero sichimangotanthauza matanthauzo. Zimakhalanso gwero la chikhalidwe cha anthu kapena machitidwe. Zambiri za ntchito yathu zimayang'ana kwambiri maphunziro a zinenero za magulu omwe akulimbana ndi zipembedzo.
• Zipembedzo Zachibadwidwe: Zinthu zothandiza kwambiri zozindikirira ndi kukonza mikangano yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera m'magulu achipembedzo omwe ali nawo mkangano.
• Chipembedzo ndi Sayansi Yazidziwitso: Gawo lina la pulogalamu yathu yofufuzira ndi yowerengera. Ena mwa akatswiri, mwachitsanzo, azachuma ndi ndale, amagwiritsa ntchito zida zowerengera kuti adziwe madera awo enieni. Timafunikiranso thandizo la asayansi a data kuti apange zitsanzo zathu zofotokozera.  
• Maphunziro Amtengo Wapatali a “Kufikira Pamtima”: Potsutsana ndi malingaliro a Chidziwitso, zida zamphamvu kwambiri zothetsera mikangano yapakati pa zipembedzo siziri kunja, koma mkati mwa magwero apakamwa ndi olembedwa omwe amalemekezedwa ndi gulu lililonse lachipembedzo: zomwe timatcha "dziko" lomwe mamembala amasonkhana.

Lembani #6: Chonena changa chachisanu ndi chimodzi komanso chomaliza ndikuti tili ndi umboni wotsimikizira kuti maphunziro amtengo wapatali a Hearth-to-Hearth atha kugwira ntchito kuti akokere mamembala amagulu otsutsana kuti akambirane mwakuya ndi kukambirana. Chitsanzo chimodzi chikukhudza zotsatira za “Kukambitsirana Mwamalemba”: wazaka 25. kuyesetsa kukokera Asilamu, Ayuda, ndi Akhristu achipembedzo kwambiri (komanso mamembala aposachedwa a zipembedzo za ku Asia), kuti aphunzire mogawana malemba ndi miyambo yawo yosiyana kwambiri.

Dr. Peter Ochs ndi Pulofesa wa Edgar Bronfman wa Modern Judaic Studies ku yunivesite ya Virginia, komwe amatsogoleranso mapulogalamu omaliza maphunziro achipembedzo mu "Malemba, Kutanthauzira, ndi Kuchita," njira yosiyana kwambiri ndi miyambo ya Abrahamu. Iye ndi amene anayambitsa bungwe la (Abrahamic) Society for Scriptural Reasoning and the Global Covenant of Religions (bungwe lomwe si la NGO lodzipereka ku mabungwe aboma, azipembedzo, ndi mabungwe aboma m'njira zochepetsera mikangano yokhudzana ndi zipembedzo). Amatsogolera University of Virginia Research Initiative in Religion, Politics, and Conflict. Zina mwa zofalitsa zake ndi zolemba ndi ndemanga 200, m'madera a Chipembedzo ndi Mikangano, filosofi yachiyuda ndi zaumulungu, filosofi ya ku America, ndi zokambirana zaumulungu za Chiyuda-Christian-Muslim. Mabuku ake ambiri akuphatikizapo Kukonzanso Kwina: Chikhristu cha Postliberal and the Jews; Peirce, Pragmatism ndi Logic ya Lemba; The Free Church and Israel Covenant ndi buku lokonzedwa, Crisis, Call and Leadership in the Abrahamic Traditions.