Statement of International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation to the 63rd Session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women.
N’zosadabwitsa kuti dziko la United States siligwirizana ndi Mgwirizano wa United Nations Wothetsa Kusalana kwa Akazi (“CEDAW”). Akazi ku US akadali pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa amuna:
- Kusowa pokhala chifukwa cha nkhanza zapakhomo
- umphawi
- Kulembedwa ntchito m'ntchito za malipiro ochepa
- Ntchito yosamalira osalipidwa
- Chiwawa chogonana
- Zolepheretsa paufulu wakubala
- Kugwiriridwa ntchito
Kusowa Pokhala Chifukwa cha Nkhanza Zapakhomo
Ngakhale kuti amuna aku US amakhala osowa pokhala kuposa akazi aku US, mmodzi mwa amayi anayi osowa pokhala ku US alibe pokhala chifukwa cha nkhanza zapakhomo. Mabanja otsogozedwa ndi amayi osakwatiwa a mafuko ochepa komanso okhala ndi ana osachepera aŵiri ali pachiopsezo chachikulu cha kusowa pokhala, chifukwa cha fuko, unyamata, ndi kusowa kwa ndalama ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
umphawi
Akazi amakhalabe pachiopsezo chachikulu cha umphaŵi—ngakhale m’mayiko olemera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi—chifukwa cha chiwawa, tsankho, kusiyana kwa malipiro, ndiponso kulembedwa ntchito zambiri m’ntchito za malipiro ochepa kapena kugwira nawo ntchito yosamalira ana osalipidwa. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amayi ochepa ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Malinga ndi bungwe la American Civil Liberties Union, akazi akuda akulandira 64% ya malipiro omwe amuna oyera amapeza, ndipo akazi a ku Spain akulandira 54%.
Ntchito mu Ntchito Zopanda Malipiro Ochepa
Ngakhale kuti Equal Pay Act ya 1963 yathandiza kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa malipiro pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ku US kuchoka pa 62% mu 1979 kufika pa 80% mu 2004, Institute for Women's Policy Research imasonyeza kuti sitikuyembekezera kusiyana kwa malipiro-kwa akazi oyera-mpaka. 2058. Palibe ziwonetsero zomveka za amayi ochepa.
Ntchito Yosamalira Osalipidwa
Malinga ndi World Bank Group Akazi, Bizinesi ndi Lamulo la 2018 lipoti, asanu ndi awiri okha mwa mayiko azachuma padziko lapansi amalephera kupereka tchuthi cholipirira chakumayi. United States ndi imodzi mwa izo. Mayiko, monga New York, amapereka Malipiro a Banja Olipiridwa omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi amuna ndi akazi, koma NY idakali m'mayiko ochepa omwe amapereka tchuthi cholipira chotere. Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti akazi ambiri azizunzidwa m’mavuto azachuma, kuchitiridwa nkhanza zakuthupi, m’maganizo komanso m’maganizo.
Chiwawa Chogonana
Mayi mmodzi pa atatu aliwonse a ku United States amachitiridwa nkhanza zokhudza kugonana. Azimayi omwe ali m'gulu lankhondo la US ndi omwe amagwiriridwa ndi asitikali achimuna kuposa kuphedwa kunkhondo.
Opitilira 2018 miliyoni adachitidwapo nkhanza zogonana ndi anzawo apamtima, komabe Missouri amalolabe ogwirira ndi ogwiririra anzawo kuti apewe kuweruzidwa ngati akwatirana ndi omwe akuzunzidwa. Florida idangosinthanso lamulo lofananalo mu Marichi XNUMX, ndipo Arkansas idapereka lamulo chaka chatha lomwe limalola ogwirira kuti asumire ozunzidwa, ngati ozunzidwa akufuna kuchotsa mimba zomwe zidabwera chifukwa chamilanduyi.
Zochepera pa Ufulu Wobereka
Ziwerengero zofalitsidwa ndi Guttmacher Institute zikusonyeza kuti pafupifupi 60% ya amayi omwe amachotsa mimba ali kale amayi. Komiti ya United Nations Yolimbana ndi Kuzunzidwa imazindikira kufunika koletsa kutenga mimba ndi kuchotsa mimba kotetezeka pofuna kuteteza ufulu wa amayi, komabe US ikupitiriza kuchepetsa mapulogalamu padziko lonse omwe amapereka ufulu wobereka kwa amayi mofanana ndi umene amuna amasangalala nawo.
Kuchitidwa chipongwe
Azimayi nawonso ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chogwiriridwa ntchito. Ku US, kuzunzidwa si mlandu ndipo nthawi zina amalangidwa mwachisawawa. Pokhapokha pamene kuvutitsidwa kwakhala kumenyedwa m'pamene kumaonekera kuti akuchitidwapo kanthu. Ngakhale zili choncho, dongosolo lathu limakondabe kuyika wozunzidwayo pamilandu ndikuteteza omwe akuwazunza. Milandu yaposachedwa yokhudzana ndi Brock Turner ndi Harvey Weinstein yasiya azimayi aku US kufunafuna "malo otetezeka" opanda amuna, zomwe zingangochepetsa mwayi wazachuma - ndipo mwina zimawapangitsa kuti azisankhana.
Kuyang'ana Patsogolo
International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM) yadzipereka kuthandizira mtendere wokhazikika m'mayiko padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo izi sizingachitike popanda amayi. Sitingathe kumanga mtendere wokhazikika m'madera omwe 50% ya anthu sakuphatikizidwa pa maudindo a utsogoleri wa Top-Level ndi Middle-Range omwe amakhudza ndondomeko (onani Zolinga 4, 8 & 10). Momwemo, ICERM imapereka maphunziro ndi chiphaso mu Ethno-Religious Mediation kukonzekera akazi (ndi amuna) ku utsogoleri wotere, ndipo tikuyembekeza kutsogolera maubwenzi omwe amamanga mabungwe olimbikitsa mtendere (onani Zolinga 4, 5, 16 & 17). Pozindikira kuti mayiko omwe ali ndi mamembala osiyanasiyana ali ndi zosowa zosiyana siyana, tikufuna kutsegula zokambirana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa magulu okhudzidwa pamagulu onse, kuti achitepo kanthu mosamala komanso mwaulemu. Timakhulupilirabe kuti tikhoza kukhala mwamtendere komanso mogwirizana, tikamatsogoleredwa mwaluso kuti tizilemekeza umunthu wa wina ndi mzake. Muzokambirana, monga kuyimira pakati, titha kupanga limodzi mayankho omwe mwina sadawonekere kale.
Nance L. Schick, Esq., Main Representative of International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation ku United Nations Headquarters, New York.
