Kumvetsetsa Nkhondo ku Ethiopia: Zomwe Zimayambitsa, Njira, Maphwando, Mphamvu, Zotsatira ndi Mayankho Ofunidwa

Ndine wolemekezeka pondiitana kuti ndikalankhule m’gulu lanu. Sindinkadziwa za International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM). Komabe, nditawerenga tsambalo ndikupeza cholinga chanu ndi zochita zanu, ndachita chidwi. Ntchito ya 'mkhalapakati wamitundu ndi zipembedzo' ungakhale wofunikira pakukwaniritsa mayankho ndikupereka chiyembekezo cha kuchira ndi kuchira, ndipo ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pa kuyesetsa 'ndale' pothetsa mikangano kapena kukhazikitsa mtendere mwalamulo. Nthawi zonse pamakhala maziko okulirapo a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zikhalidwe kapena zamphamvu zolimbana ndi mikangano komanso momwe imamenyera, kuyimitsidwa, ndikuthetsedweratu, ndipo kuyanjanitsa kuchokera kumagulu a anthu kungathandize pa mikangano. kusintha, mwachitsanzo, kupanga njira zokambilana ndi kuyang'anira m'malo mothetsa mikangano.

M'nkhani ya ku Ethiopia yomwe timakambirana lero, yankho silinawonekere, koma chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, mafuko ndi zipembedzo zingakhale zothandiza kwambiri kuziganizira pogwira ntchito imodzi. Kuyimira pakati kwa akuluakulu achipembedzo kapena atsogoleri ammudzi sikunapatsidwe mpata weniweni.

Ndifotokoza mwachidule za mtundu wa mkanganowu ndikupereka malingaliro amomwe ungathetsedwere. Ndikukhulupirira kuti nonse mukudziwa zambiri za izi ndipo mundikhululukire ngati ndibwereza zinthu zina.

Ndiye, chinachitika ndi chiyani ku Ethiopia, dziko lakale kwambiri lodziyimira pawokha ku Africa ndipo silinakhale atsamunda? Dziko losiyana kwambiri, miyambo yamitundu yambiri, ndi chikhalidwe cholemera, kuphatikizapo zipembedzo. Ili ndi chikhristu chachiwiri chakale kwambiri mu Africa (pambuyo pa Egypt), Chiyuda chachikhalidwe, komanso mgwirizano wakale kwambiri ndi Chisilamu, hijrah (622).

Pamaziko a mikangano yomwe ilipo ku Ethiopia ndi zolakwika, ndale zosagwirizana ndi demokalase, malingaliro amitundu, zofuna za anthu osankhika zomwe sizilemekeza kuyankha kwa anthu, komanso kulowerera kwa mayiko akunja.

Awiri omwe akupikisana nawo ndi gulu la zigawenga, Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), ndi boma la Ethiopian federal, koma ena atenga nawo mbali: Eritrea, zigawenga zodzitchinjiriza za komweko komanso magulu angapo achiwawa ogwirizana ndi TPLF, monga OLA, 'Oromo Liberation Army'. Ndiyeno pali cyber-warfare.

Kulimbana ndi zida kapena nkhondo ndi zotsatira za kulephera kwa dongosolo la ndale ndi kusintha kovuta kuchoka ku ulamuliro wopondereza kupita ku dongosolo la ndale lademokalase. Kusintha uku kudayamba mu Epulo 2018, pomwe panali kusintha kwa Prime Minister. TPLF inali chipani chachikulu mu 'mgwirizano' wa EPRDF womwe udachokera kunkhondo yolimbana ndi asitikali am'mbuyomu. Derg Ulamuliro, ndipo udalamulira kuyambira 1991 mpaka 2018. Chifukwa chake, Ethiopia sinakhalepo ndi ndale zotseguka, zademokalase ndipo TPLF-EPRDF sinasinthe izi. Anthu osankhika a TPLF adachokera ku ethno-region ya Tigray ndipo anthu a Tigray amwazikana ku Ethiopia yonse (pafupifupi 7% ya anthu onse). Pamene inkalamulira (panthawiyo, ndi akuluakulu ogwirizana a zipani zina za 'mitundu' mumgwirizano umenewo), izo zinapititsa patsogolo kukula kwachuma ndi chitukuko komanso zinapeza mphamvu zazikulu pa ndale ndi zachuma. Idasungabe dziko loyang'anira mopondereza, lomwe lidasinthidwanso malinga ndi ndale zamitundu: zidziwitso za anthu zidasankhidwa mwamafuko, osati mokulirapo pankhani ya nzika zaku Ethiopia. Ofufuza ambiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990 adachenjeza za izi ndipo ndithudi pachabe, chifukwa chinali ndale chitsanzo chomwe TPLF inkafuna kukhazikitsa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, (kuphatikiza 'ethnic group empowerment', 'ethno-linguistic' equality, etc.). Zipatso zowawa za chitsanzo chomwe timakolola lero - udani wamitundu, mikangano, mpikisano woopsa wamagulu (ndipo tsopano, chifukwa cha nkhondo, ngakhale chidani). Dongosolo la ndale lidapangitsa kusakhazikika kwadongosolo ndikukhazikitsa mimetic mimetic, kuti alankhule mawu a René Girard. Mwambi waku Ethiopia womwe umanenedwa kawirikawiri, 'Musatengere mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ndale' (mwachitsanzo, mutha kuphedwa), idasungabe mphamvu zake pambuyo pa 1991 Ethiopia… ndale.

Kusiyanasiyana kwa zilankhulo zamitundu ndizoonadi ku Ethiopia, monganso m'maiko ambiri aku Africa, koma zaka 30 zapitazi zawonetsa kuti mafuko sagwirizana bwino ndi ndale, mwachitsanzo, sikugwira ntchito bwino ngati njira yoyendetsera ndale. Kusinthitsa ndale za ufuko ndi 'utundu wa mafuko' kukhala ndale zenizeni zademokalase zoyendetsedwa ndi nkhani zingakhale bwino. Kuzindikira kotheratu miyambo yamitundu ndi kwabwino, koma osati kudzera m'matembenuzidwe awo amodzi m'zandale.

Nkhondo idayamba monga mukudziwa usiku wa 3-4 Novembara 2020 ndikuwukira kwadzidzidzi kwa TPLF pa gulu lankhondo laku Ethiopia lomwe lili mdera la Tigray, kumalire ndi Eritrea. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri lankhondo la federal, la Northern Command, lomwe lili ndi katundu wambiri, linali m'derali, chifukwa cha nkhondo yoyamba ndi Eritrea. Kuukirako kunali kokonzekera bwino. TPLF inali itamanga kale zida ndi mafuta ku Tigray, zambiri zomwe zidakwiriridwa m'malo obisika. Ndipo pakuwukira kwa 3-4 Novembala 2020 adafikira akuluakulu a Tigrayan ndi asitikali. mkati gulu lankhondo la feduro kuti ligwirizane, zomwe adachita kwambiri. Zinawonetsa kukonzeka kwa TPLF kugwiritsa ntchito chiwawa mopanda malire ngati njira yandale kupanga zenizeni zatsopano. Izi zinaonekeranso m’zigawo zotsatila za mkanganowo. Ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti momwe kuukira kwa misasa yankhondo ya federal kudachitika (ndi asitikali pafupifupi 4,000 omwe adaphedwa ali m'tulo ndi ena akumenyana) komanso, kuphana kwamtundu wa Mai Kadra (pa 9-10 Novembala 2020) sayiwalika kapena kukhululukidwa ndi anthu aku Ethiopia ambiri: adawoneka ngati achiwembu komanso ankhanza.

Boma la Aitiopiya linachitapo kanthu pa chiwembucho tsiku lotsatira ndipo pamapeto pake linapambana patatha milungu itatu yankhondo. Idakhazikitsa boma lanthawi yochepa ku likulu la Tigray, Meqele, lokhala ndi anthu aku Tigrayan. Koma zigawenga zinapitilira, ndipo kukana kumidzi ndi kuwononga TPLF ndi zigawenga m'dera lake lomwe zidatulukira; kuwononganso kukonza ma telecom, kulepheretsa alimi kulima minda, kuyang'ana akuluakulu a Tigray mu utsogoleri wachigawo wapakati (omwe anaphedwa pafupifupi zana. chochitika chomvetsa chisoni cha injiniya Enbza Tadesse ndi kuyankhulana ndi mkazi wake wamasiye). Nkhondozo zinapitirira kwa miyezi ingapo, kuwononga kwakukulu ndi kuchitiridwa nkhanza.

Pa 28 June 2021 asitikali aboma adathawa kunja kwa Tigray. Boma linapereka mgwirizano wosagwirizana - kupanga malo opuma, kulola TPLF kuganiziranso, komanso kupatsa alimi a Tigrayan mwayi woti ayambe ntchito yawo yaulimi. Kutsegulaku sikunatengedwe ndi utsogoleri wa TPLF; anasintha n’kupita kunkhondo yoopsa. Kuchoka kwa gulu lankhondo la Ethiopia kudapangitsa kuti ziwukirenso za TPLF ziyambirenso ndipo magulu awo ankhondo adalowera chakumwera, akulunjika kwambiri anthu wamba komanso malo okhala kunja kwa Tigray, akuchita ziwawa zomwe sizinachitikepo: 'kutsata' mitundu, njira zapadziko lapansi, kuopseza anthu wamba. kukakamiza ndi kupha, ndi kuwononga ndi kulanda (palibe zolinga zankhondo).

Funso n’lakuti, n’chifukwa chiyani nkhondo yoopsayi, yankhanza chonchi? Kodi a Tigrayan anali pachiwopsezo, kodi dera lawo komanso anthu anali pangozi? Chabwino, iyi ndi nkhani ya ndale yomwe TPLF inamanga ndikupereka kudziko lakunja, ndipo inapita mpaka kukanena kuti kutsekedwa mwadongosolo kwa anthu ku Tigray ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kuphedwa kwa anthu a Tigrayan. Palibe chomwe chinali chowona.

Apo anali zakhala zikuyambitsa kusamvana pakati pa anthu osankhika kuyambira koyambirira kwa 2018 pakati pa utsogoleri wolamulira wa TPLF ku Tigray Regional State ndi boma la federal, ndizowona. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zinali nkhani zandale ndi zowongolera komanso mfundo zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu ndi chuma komanso kukana kwa utsogoleri wa TPLF ku boma la federal munjira zake zadzidzidzi za COVID-19 ndikuchedwetsa zisankho zadziko. Iwo akanatha kuthetsedwa. Koma zikuwoneka kuti utsogoleri wa TPLF sunavomereze kuchotsedwa pa utsogoleri wa feduro mu Marichi 2018 ndikuwopa kuti zitha kuwonekera pazachuma chawo mopanda chilungamo, komanso mbiri yawo yakupondereza zaka zapitazo. Iwonso anakana aliyense zokambirana/zokambilana ndi nthumwi zochokera ku boma la feduro, magulu a akazi kapena maulamuliro achipembedzo amene anapita ku Tigray m’chaka cha nkhondo isanayambe ndi kuwachonderera kuti agwirizane. TPLF idaganiza kuti ikhoza kutenganso mphamvu kudzera mu zigawenga zankhondo ndikuguba kupita ku Addis Ababa, kapena kubweretsa chipwirikiti m'dzikolo kotero kuti boma la Prime Minister wapano Abiy Ahmed ligwa.

Dongosololi linalephera ndipo nkhondo yoyipa idachitika, sinathe lero (30 Januware 2022) momwe tikulankhulira.

Monga wofufuza wa ku Ethiopia atagwira ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko, kuphatikizapo Kumpoto, ndinadabwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa ziwawa zomwe sizinachitikepo, makamaka za TPLF. Ngakhalenso asilikali a boma anali opanda mlandu, makamaka m’miyezi yoyamba ya nkhondo, ngakhale kuti olakwa anamangidwa. Onani pansipa.

Mu gawo loyamba la nkhondo mu Novembala 2020 mpaka ca. June 2021, panali nkhanza ndi zowawa zomwe magulu onse, komanso asitikali aku Eritrea omwe adachita nawo. Nkhanza zochititsidwa ndi ukali za asitikali ndi zigawenga ku Tigray zinali zosavomerezeka ndipo zinali m'kati mwa kutsutsidwa ndi Attorney-General waku Ethiopia. Komabe, n’zokayikitsa kuti iwo anali mbali ya nkhondo yokonzedweratu policy wa gulu lankhondo la Aitiopiya. Panali lipoti (lofalitsidwa pa 3 November 2021) lokhudza kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu mu gawo loyamba la nkhondoyi, mwachitsanzo, mpaka 28 June 2021, lopangidwa ndi gulu la UNHCR ndi EHRC yodziyimira payokha, ndipo izi zinasonyeza chikhalidwe ndi kukula kwake. za nkhanza. Monga tanenera, ambiri mwa ophwanya malamulo ochokera ku gulu lankhondo la Eritrea ndi Ethiopia adabweretsedwa kukhoti ndikumaliza chilango chawo. Ozunza mbali ya TPLF sanatsutsidwe konse ndi utsogoleri wa TPLF, m'malo mwake.

Pambuyo pa chaka chopitilira mumkangano, tsopano kumenyana kwachepa pansi, koma mpaka pano sikunathe. Kuyambira pa Disembala 22, 2021, kulibe nkhondo yankhondo mdera la Tigray palokha - popeza asitikali ankhondo omwe adakankhira kumbuyo TPLF adalamulidwa kuti ayime pamalire a boma la Tigray. Ngakhale, kumenyedwa kwa ndege nthawi zina kumachitika pamizere yoperekera komanso malo olamula ku Tigray. Koma nkhondo inapitirirabe m’madera ena a Chigawo cha Amhara (mwachitsanzo, ku Avergele, Addi Arkay, Waja, T’imuga, ndi Kobo) ndiponso ku Afar (mwachitsanzo, ku Ab’ala, Zobil, ndi Barhale) kumalire ndi dera la Tigray. ndikutsekanso mizere yopereka chithandizo ku Tigray yomwe. Kuphulika kwa madera a anthu wamba kukupitirirabe, kuphana ndi kuwononga katundu, makamaka makamaka zachipatala, maphunziro, ndi zachuma. Asitikali aku Afar ndi Amhara akumenyera nkhondo, koma gulu lankhondo silinachitepo kanthu.

Mawu ena ochenjeza pa zokambirana / zokambirana tsopano akumveka (posachedwa ndi Mlembi Wamkulu wa UN António Guterres, komanso kudzera mwa nthumwi yapadera ya AU ku Horn of Africa, Purezidenti wakale Olusegun Obasanjo). Koma pali zopunthwitsa zambiri. Ndipo maphwando apadziko lonse lapansi monga UN, EU kapena US amachita osati pempha a TPLF kuti ayime ndi kuyankha mlandu. mungathe pali 'mgwirizano' ndi TPLF? Pali kukaikira kwakukulu. Anthu ambiri ku Ethiopia amaona kuti TPLF ndi yosadalirika komanso nthawi zonse amafuna kufunafuna mipata ina yowonongera boma.

Mavuto a ndale omwe analipo pamaso nkhondo idakalipo ndipo sinabweretsedwe pafupi ndi njira yothetsera nkhondoyi.

Pankhondo yonseyi, gulu la TPLF nthawi zonse linkapereka 'nkhani yachibwanabwana' ya iwo eni ndi dera lawo. Koma izi ndi zokayikitsa - iwo sanali kwenikweni phwando osauka ndi ovutika. Iwo anali ndi ndalama zambiri, anali ndi chuma chambiri, mu 2020 anali adakali ndi zida, ndipo anali atakonzekera nkhondo. Adapanga nkhani yakusalidwa komanso zomwe zimatchedwa kuzunzidwa kwamitundu chifukwa cha malingaliro adziko lapansi komanso kwa anthu awo, omwe adawagwira mwamphamvu (Tigray inali imodzi mwa zigawo zochepa za demokalase ku Ethiopia pazaka zapitazi za 30). Koma nkhaniyo, kusewera makhadi amtundu, inali yosatsimikizika, komanso chifukwa ambiri a Tigrayan amagwira ntchito m'boma la feduro komanso m'mabungwe ena padziko lonse lapansi: Minister of Defense, Minister of Health, wamkulu wa ofesi ya GERD yolimbikitsa anthu, Minister of Democratization Policy, ndi atolankhani apamwamba osiyanasiyana. Ndizokayikitsanso kwambiri ngati anthu ambiri a ku Tigraya akuthandizira ndi mtima wonse (ed) kayendedwe ka TPLF; sitingadziwe kwenikweni, chifukwa sipanakhale mabungwe odziyimira pawokha enieni, palibe ofalitsa nkhani zaulere, palibe kutsutsana pagulu, kapena kutsutsa kumeneko; mulimonse momwe zingakhalire, chiwerengero cha anthu chinalibe chosankha, ndipo ambiri adapindulanso mwachuma kuchokera ku boma la TPLF (Ambiri mwa a Tigrayan ochokera kunja kwa Ethiopia amaterodi).

Panalinso gulu logwira ntchito, lomwe limatchedwanso, cyber-mafia ogwirizana ndi TPLF, omwe adachita nawo kampeni yodziwitsa anthu zakupha komanso ziwopsezo zomwe zidakhudza zofalitsa zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso ngakhale opanga mfundo zapadziko lonse lapansi. Iwo anali kubwerezanso nkhani za zomwe zimatchedwa 'Tigray genocide' popanga: hashtag yoyamba pa izi idawonekera kale maola angapo pambuyo pa kuwukira kwa TPLF pa 4 Novembara 2020. Chifukwa chake, sizinali zowona, komanso kuzunza anthu. mawu awa adakonzedweratu, ngati kuyesa kwabodza. Winanso anali pa 'malo otchingidwa ndi anthu' ku Tigray. Apo is kusowa kwachitetezo chambiri ku Tigray, komanso tsopano m'malo oyandikana nawo ankhondo, koma osati njala ku Tigray chifukwa cha 'kutsekereza'. Boma la federal linapereka chithandizo cha chakudya kuyambira pachiyambi - ngakhale sichinali chokwanira, sichikanatha: misewu inatsekedwa, ndege zowonongeka (mwachitsanzo, ku Aksum), zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabedwa ndi asilikali a TPLF, ndipo magalimoto othandizira chakudya ku Tigray adalandidwa.

Magalimoto opitilira 1000 othandizira chakudya omwe adapita ku Tigray kuyambira miyezi ingapo yapitayo (ambiri okhala ndi mafuta okwanira paulendo wobwerera) sanadziwikebe pofika Januwale 2022: mwina adagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula gulu lankhondo ndi TPLF. Mu sabata yachiwiri ndi yachitatu ya Januware 2022, magalimoto othandizira adayenera kubwerera chifukwa TPLF idaukira dera la Afar pafupi ndi Ab'ala ndikutseka njira yolowera.

Ndipo posachedwapa tawona mavidiyo a mavidiyo ochokera kudera la Afar, kusonyeza kuti ngakhale kuti TPLF inazunzidwa mwankhanza kwa anthu a ku Afar, anthu a ku Afar akumaloko adalolabe kuti maulendo othandizira anthu apite ku Tigray. Chomwe analandira chinali kuphulitsidwa kwa midzi ndi kupha anthu wamba.

Chinthu chovuta kwambiri chakhala kuyankha kwaukazembe wapadziko lonse, makamaka mayiko omwe akupereka ndalama za Kumadzulo (makamaka ochokera ku USA ndi EU): zowoneka ngati zosakwanira komanso zachiphamaso, osati zochokera ku chidziwitso: kukakamizidwa kosayenera, kukondera kwa boma, osayang'ana zofuna za boma. waku Ethiopia anthu (makamaka, omwe akuzunzidwa), pakukhazikika kwachigawo, kapena pachuma cha Ethiopia chonse.

Mwachitsanzo, US idawonetsa malingaliro achilendo azamalamulo. Pafupi ndi kukakamizidwa kosalekeza kwa PM Abiy kuti asiye nkhondo - koma osati pa TPLF - adaganiza zogwirira ntchito 'kusintha maboma' ku Ethiopia. Adayitanira magulu otsutsa ku Washington, ndi kazembe wa US ku Addis Ababa mpaka mwezi watha zasungidwa kuitana nzika zawo ndi alendo onse kuti kusiya Ethiopia, makamaka Addis Ababa, 'nthawi idakalipo'.

Ndondomeko ya US ikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi zinthu zingapo: kutsutsana kwa US Afghanistan; kukhalapo kwa gulu lamphamvu la TPLF ku Dipatimenti ya Boma komanso ku USAID; mfundo za dziko la United States zokomera dziko la Egypt komanso momwe amadana ndi dziko la Eritrea; kusakwanira kwanzeru / chidziwitso chokhudza kusamvana, komanso kudalira thandizo kwa Ethiopia.

Ngakhalenso wogwirizira nkhani zakunja ku EU, a Josep Borrell, ndi aphungu ambiri a EU sanawonetse mbali yawo yabwino, ndikuyitanitsa kwawo kuti alangidwe.

The media padziko lonse lapansi idachitanso gawo lochititsa chidwi, zokhala ndi zolemba zosafufuzidwa molakwika komanso zowulutsa (makamaka ma CNN nthawi zambiri sanali ovomerezeka). Nthawi zambiri ankatenga mbali ya TPLF ndikuyang'ana makamaka boma la federal la Ethiopia ndi Pulezidenti wake, ndi chiganizo chodziwikiratu: 'N'chifukwa chiyani wopambana wa Nobel Peace Prize apite kunkhondo?' (Ngakhale, mwachiwonekere, mtsogoleri wa dziko sangagwire 'chipolopolo' ku mphothoyo ngati dziko likuukiridwa ndi nkhondo yachiwembu).

Ofalitsa nkhani zapadziko lonse amanyoza kapena kunyalanyaza kayendetsedwe ka hashtag kamene kakutuluka mofulumira ka '#NoMore' pakati pa anthu a ku Ethiopia komanso anthu aku Ethiopia, omwe amakana kusokonezedwa kosalekeza komanso chizolowezi chofalitsa nkhani za azungu komanso mabungwe a USA-EU-UN. Anthu aku Ethiopia akuwoneka kuti ndi ambiri kumbuyo kwa boma la Ethiopia, ngakhale amatsatira ndi diso lovuta.

Kuonjezera kumodzi pa yankho la mayiko: ndondomeko ya zilango za US ku Ethiopia ndi kuchotsa Ethiopia ku AGOA (ndalama zocheperapo za katundu wopangidwa ku USA) monga 1 January 2022: njira yosapindulitsa komanso yosakhudzidwa. Izi zidzangowononga chuma cha ku Ethiopia ndikupangitsa kuti masauzande ambiri, makamaka akazi, asakhale ndi ntchito - ogwira ntchito omwe makamaka amathandizira PM Abiy mu ndondomeko zake.

Ndiye ife tiri kuti tsopano?

TPLF yamenyedwanso kumpoto ndi gulu lankhondo la federal. Koma nkhondoyi sinathe. Ngakhale boma lidapempha TPLF kuti asiye kumenyana, ndipo idayimitsanso kampeni yake m'malire a chigawo cha Tigray, TPLF ikupitiliza kumenya, kupha, kugwirira anthu wamba, ndikuwononga midzi ndi matauni ku Afar ndi kumpoto kwa Amhara..

Zikuwoneka kuti alibe pulogalamu yothandiza pazandale za Ethiopia kapena Tigray. Pamgwirizano uliwonse wamtsogolo kapena kukhazikika, zokonda za anthu aku Tigraya ziyenera kuganiziridwa, kuphatikizapo kuthana ndi vuto la kusowa kwa chakudya. Kuwazunza sikoyenera komanso kusagwirizana ndi ndale. Tigray ndi dera la mbiri yakale, zachipembedzo, komanso zachikhalidwe ku Ethiopia, ndipo ziyenera kulemekezedwa ndi kukonzedwanso. Ndizokayikitsa ngati izi zingatheke pansi pa ulamuliro wa TPLF, zomwe malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri tsopano zangodutsa tsiku lotha ntchito. Koma zikuwoneka kuti TPLF, pokhala gulu la anthu osankhika, zosoŵa mikangano kuti isasunthike, komanso kwa anthu ake ku Tigray - owonera ena awona kuti atha kufuna kuchedwetsa nthawi yoyankha mlandu wawo pakuwononga zida zawo zonse, komanso kukakamiza asitikali ambiri - komanso ambiri ankhondo. Mwana asilikali pakati pawo - kumenyana, kutali ndi ntchito zopindulitsa ndi maphunziro.

Pafupi ndi kusamuka kwa mazana masauzande, ndithudi zikwi za ana ndi achichepere achotsedwa maphunziro kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri - komanso m'madera ankhondo a Afar ndi Amhara, kuphatikizapo ku Tigray.

Kukakamizidwa kochokera kumayiko akunja (kuwerenga: Kumadzulo) kudachitika makamaka ku boma la Ethiopia, kukambirana ndikugonja - osati pa TPLF. Boma la federal ndi Prime Minister Abiy akuyenda movutikira; ayenera kuganizira za dera lake ndi kusonyeza kufunitsitsa 'kunyengerera' ku mayiko. Adachita izi: boma lidatulutsanso atsogoleri asanu ndi mmodzi omwe adamangidwa mu TPLF koyambirira kwa Januware 2022, pamodzi ndi akaidi ena omwe anali ndi mikangano. Kuchita bwino, koma kunalibe zotsatira - palibe kubweza kuchokera ku TPLF.

Pomaliza: Kodi munthu angatani kuti apeze yankho?

1. Nkhondo ya kumpoto kwa Ethiopia inayamba ngati yovuta ndale mkangano, pomwe chipani chimodzi, TPLF, chidakonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa zowononga, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatirapo zake. Ngakhale njira yandale ikadali yotheka komanso yofunikira, zowona zankhondoyi zakhala zothandiza kwambiri kotero kuti mgwirizano wandale kapena kukambirana tsopano ndizovuta kwambiri… ndi gulu la atsogoleri a TPLF (ndi ogwirizana nawo, OLA) omwe adayambitsa kuphana ndi nkhanza zotere zomwe achibale awo, ana awo aamuna ndi aakazi akhala akuzunzidwa. Ndithudi, padzakhala chitsenderezo chochokera kwa odzitcha andale zadziko enieni m’chitaganya cha mayiko kuti achite zimenezo. Koma mkhalapakati wovuta ndi zokambirana ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndi magulu osankhidwa / ochita nawo mkanganowu, mwina kuyambira pa m'munsi mlingo: mabungwe a anthu, atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndi amalonda.
2. Kawirikawiri, ndondomeko yokonzanso ndale ndi malamulo ku Ethiopia iyenera kupitiriza, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano wa demokarasi ndi ulamuliro wa malamulo, komanso kusokoneza / kusokoneza TPLF, omwe anakana zimenezo.

Dongosolo la demokalase likukakamizidwa ndi anthu okonda dziko komanso zofuna zawo, ndipo boma la Prime Minister Abiy nthawi zina limatenga zisankho zokayikitsa kwa omenyera ufulu ndi atolankhani. Kuphatikiza apo, kulemekeza ufulu wa atolankhani ndi mfundo zimasiyana m'maiko osiyanasiyana aku Ethiopia.

3. Ndondomeko ya 'National Dialogue' ku Ethiopia, yomwe idalengezedwa mu Disembala 2021, ndi njira imodzi yakutsogolo (mwina, izi zitha kukulitsidwa kukhala njira yowona ndi kuyanjanitsa). Dialogue iyi iyenera kukhala bwalo la mabungwe osonkhanitsa onse okhudzidwa pa ndale kuti akambirane zovuta za ndale zomwe zilipo.

'National Dialogue' si njira ina yokambitsirana ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo ya feduro koma ithandiza kuwadziwitsa ndikuwonetsetsa kuwonekera ndi malingaliro andale, madandaulo, ochita zisudzo, ndi zokonda zawo.

Chifukwa chake izi zitha kutanthauzanso izi: kulumikizana ndi anthu kupitirira ndondomeko zomwe zilipo kale zandale ndi zankhondo, ku mabungwe a anthu, kuphatikizapo atsogoleri achipembedzo ndi mabungwe. Ndipotu, nkhani yachipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe cha machiritso ammudzi ikhoza kukhala sitepe yoyamba yomveka bwino; zokopa chidwi ndi mfundo zomwe anthu aku Ethiopia ambiri amakhala nazo pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku.

4. Kufufuzidwa kwathunthu kwa milandu yankhondo kuyambira pa 3 Novembara 2020 kudzafunika, motsatira ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko ya lipoti la ntchito ya EHRC-UNCHR la 3 November 2021 (lomwe lingathe kukulitsidwa).
5. Kukambitsirana za chipukuta misozi, kuchotsera zida, machiritso, ndi kumanganso kuyenera kuchitika. Kukhululukidwa kwa atsogoleri a zigawenga sikutheka.
6. Anthu amitundu yonse (makamaka, Kumadzulo) amakhalanso ndi gawo pa izi: ndi bwino kusiya zilango ndi kunyanyala ku boma la federal la Ethiopia; ndipo, kusintha, kukakamizanso ndikuyimbira TPLF kuti iyankhe. Ayeneranso kupitiriza kupereka chithandizo chaumphawi, osagwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya ufulu wachibadwidwe ngati chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti aweruze mkanganowu, ndikuyambanso kugwirizana mozama ndi boma la Ethiopia, kuthandizira ndi kukhazikitsa maubwenzi a nthawi yaitali a zachuma ndi zina.
7. Vuto lalikulu tsopano ndi momwe mungapezere mtendere ndi chilungamo … Ndi njira yokhayo yoyankhira bwino yomwe ingayambitse izi. Ngati chilungamo sichichitika, kusakhazikika ndi kulimbana kwa zida zidzayambiranso.