Kusanthula kwa Ndondomeko za Tito pa Mikangano ya Mitundu: Nkhani ya ku Kosovo

Mfundo:

Mkangano wa ku Kosovo, womwe unayamba pakati pa Alubaniya ndi Aserbia mu 1998-1999, ndi kukumbukira kowawa. Komabe, kusamvana pakati pawo kunalipo kuyambira ulamuliro wa Ottoman (1455 - 1912). M'nthawi ya Purezidenti Joseph Tito (1945-1980), kusintha kwa malamulo ndi malamulo kunachitika pofuna kulimbikitsa chitukuko chamtendere m'derali, komanso kupereka mphamvu zodzilamulira kwa anthu amtundu wa Albania ku Kosovo. Mfundo zitatu zofunika kwambiri za “ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi kugwirizanitsa” za Tito zafufuzidwa m’nkhani ino, kuphatikizapo Policy Brother and Unity Policy, “Policy of Blood Transfusion” Economy Policy, ndi Migration Policy. Kusanthula uku kukuwonetsa momwe mfundozo zidalephera kuthetsa mikangano yamitundu yomwe idasautsa mitundu iwiriyi. Komanso, iwo sanakhazikitse chuma kapena kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chawo. Poganizira za kusanthula, nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kuti opanga ndondomeko ayang'ane mozama za ubale wa mafuko popanga ndi kulimbikitsa ndondomeko zoyenera. Malingaliro ambiri ndi njira zomwe zafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi kuti zithandize opanga ndondomeko ndi ofufuza amtsogolo kuti athetse bwino nkhani za mafuko pakati pa Albanians ndi Serbs. Chisamaliro choterocho n’chofunika kwambiri pa kukhazikika kwa derali, kutukuka kwa chuma, kutukuka kwa chikhalidwe, ndi kuwongolera maubale pamlingo uliwonse.

Werengani kapena tsitsani pepala lathunthu:

Shan, Lanhe S (2014). Kusanthula kwa Ndondomeko za Tito pa Mikangano ya Mitundu: Nkhani ya ku Kosovo

Journal of Living Together, 1 (1), pp. 53-59, 2014, ISSN: 2373-6615 (Sindikizani); 2373-6631 (Pa intaneti).

@Nkhani{Shan2014
Mutu = {Kusanthula kwa Ndondomeko za Tito pa Mikangano ya Mitundu: Nkhani ya ku Kosovo}
Wolemba = {Lanhe S. Shan}
Url = {https://icermediation.org/titos-policies-on-ethnic-conflict/}
ISSN = {2373-6615 (Sindikizani); 2373-6631 (Pa intaneti)}
Chaka = {2014}
Tsiku = {2014-09-18}
IssueTitle = {Udindo wa Chipembedzo ndi Mitundu Yambiri pa Mikangano Yamakono: Njira Zofananira Zomwe Zikuwonekera, Njira ndi Njira Zothetsera ndi Kuthetsa}
Journal = {Journal of Living Together}
Mphamvu = {1}
Nambala = {1}
Masamba = {53-59}
Wosindikiza = {International Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation}
Address = {Mount Vernon, New York}
Kusindikiza = {2014}.

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Nkhani

Zipembedzo ku Igboland: Kusiyanasiyana, Kufunika ndi Kukhala

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Kutembenuka ku Chisilamu ndi Ethnic Nationalism ku Malaysia

Pepalali ndi gawo la kafukufuku wokulirapo womwe umayang'ana kwambiri za kukwera kwa utundu wa anthu amtundu wa Malay ndi ukulu ku Malaysia. Ngakhale kuti kukwera kwa dziko la Malaysia kungabwere chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, pepalali likukamba za lamulo lachisilamu la kutembenuka mtima ku Malaysia komanso ngati lalimbikitsa kapena ayi kuti mafuko a Malaysia akhale apamwamba. Malaysia ndi dziko lamitundu yambiri komanso zipembedzo zambiri lomwe lidalandira ufulu wake mu 1957 kuchokera ku Britain. Amaleya pokhala fuko lalikulu kwambiri nthawi zonse akhala akuwona chipembedzo cha Chisilamu monga gawo limodzi la kudziwika kwawo komwe kumawalekanitsa ndi mafuko ena omwe adabweretsedwa m'dzikoli panthawi yaulamuliro wa atsamunda a Britain. Ngakhale kuti Chisilamu ndi chipembedzo chovomerezeka, malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino amalola kuti zipembedzo zina zizichitidwa mwamtendere ndi anthu omwe si Achimalaya, omwe ndi amtundu wa China ndi Amwenye. Komabe, lamulo lachisilamu lomwe limayendetsa maukwati achisilamu ku Malaysia lalamula kuti anthu omwe si Asilamu alowe m'Chisilamu ngati akufuna kukwatirana ndi Asilamu. Mu pepala ili, ndikutsutsa kuti lamulo lachisilamu lotembenuzidwa lagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholimbikitsira maganizo a mtundu wa Chimalaya ku Malaysia. Deta yoyambirira idasonkhanitsidwa kutengera zoyankhulana ndi Asilamu aku Malay omwe adakwatirana ndi omwe si Achimalaya. Zotsatira zawonetsa kuti ambiri mwa omwe adafunsidwa ku Malaysia amaona kuti kutembenukira ku Chisilamu ndikofunikira monga momwe chipembedzo cha Chisilamu chimafunikira ndi malamulo a boma. Kuonjezera apo, sawonanso chifukwa chomwe anthu omwe si a Malawi angakane kuti alowe m'Chisilamu, chifukwa pabanja, anawo adzatengedwa ngati Amamaya malinga ndi malamulo oyendetsera dziko lino, omwe amabweranso ndi udindo ndi mwayi. Malingaliro a anthu omwe si a Malawi omwe adalowa Chisilamu adachokera ku mafunso achiwiri omwe adachitidwa ndi akatswiri ena. Popeza kuti kukhala Msilamu kumagwirizana ndi kukhala Mmalay, ambiri omwe si Amamalay omwe adatembenuka amadzimva kuti alibe chidziwitso chachipembedzo ndi fuko, ndipo amakakamizika kutengera chikhalidwe cha mtundu wa Malay. Ngakhale kuti kusintha lamulo lotembenuzidwa kungakhale kovuta, kukambirana momasuka pakati pa zipembedzo m'masukulu ndi m'magulu a boma kungakhale njira yoyamba yothetsera vutoli.

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