Kubvisa zvombo panguva yehondo yedzinza uye yechitendero: Iyo UN Perspective
Hurukuro inoremekedzwa yakapihwa pa2015 Annual International Conference on Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding yakaitirwa muNew York muna Gumiguru 10, 2015 neInternational Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation.
Mutauri:
Curtis Raynold, Secretary, Secretary-General's Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters, United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, United Nations Headquarters, New York.
Zvinondipa mufaro mukuru kuva pano mangwanani ano kuti nditaure newe nezvebasa reUnited Nations, kunyanya, iro reUnited Nations Office on Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) uye nhamburiko dzayo dzekugadzirisa zvese zvinokonzeresa mhirizhonga kubva pakuona. zvekubvisa zvombo.
Ndinokutendai kuInternational Center yeEthno-Religious Mediation (ICERM) nekuronga musangano uyu unokosha. Zvinouya apo tinocherechedza makore makumi manomwe eSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose anga ari pamberi mukuvaka runyararo nekuedza kudzivirira kurwisana pasi rose kwemakumi manomwe emakore. Isu, naizvozvo, tinorumbidza basa risina simba remasangano emagariro evanhu akadai seyenyu kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzekudzivirira nekugadzirisa kukakavara kwezvombo uye kudzidzisa vanhu pamusoro pengozi yekurwisana kwemarudzi uye zvitendero.
Masangano emagariro evanhu akaitawo mipiro yakakura kumunda wezvombo zvakare, uye United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs inotenda zvikuru basa ravo panyaya iyi.
Semushandi wemauto matanhatu eUnited Nations okuchengetedza rugare, ndakapupurira uye ndinonyatsoziva, kukanganisa kunogara kwenguva refu nzanga, nharaunda, uye upfumi kwakakonzerwa nehondo munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi. Sezvatinoziva tese, kukakavara kwakadaro kune zvikonzero zvakati wandei, chitendero uye dzinza zvichingova zviviri chete. Kusawirirana kunogonawo kukonzerwa nezvimwe zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa nematanho akakodzera anogadzirisa zvakananga zvikonzero, kusanganisira izvo zvechitendero nedzinza.
Vandinoshanda navo muDepartment of Political Affairs, kunyanya, vari muMedition Support Unit, vane basa rekutsvaga matanho akakodzera ekugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekunetsana kwemarudzi ese uye vakaisa zviwanikwa zvakasiyana munzvimbo zhinji dzinenge dzichinetsana. kushanda kukuru. Kuedza uku, kunyangwe kuchishanda zvakanyanya mune zvimwe zviitiko, pachayo hakuna kukwana kugadzirisa zvizere kunetsana kwemarudzi ese. Kugadzirisa zvine mutsindo kurwa kwezvombo kunosanganisira kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvadzo uye nemhedzisiro yazvo inoparadza, UN inokwevera pane hwakasiyana hunyanzvi.
Panyaya iyi, madhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana ari muhurongwa hweUnited Nations anoshanda pamwe chete kuunza zviwanikwa zvavo zvehunyanzvi uye masimba ekugadzirisa dambudziko rehondo. Mapazi aya anosanganisira United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Department of Political Affairs, Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO), Department of Field Service (DFS) nemamwe akawanda.
Izvi zvinondiunza kubasa reHofisi yeDzidziviriro Dzezvombo nebasa rayo mukudzivirira nekugadzirisa mhirizhonga. Basa redu mune zvinonyanya kushanda pamwe chete, nderokudzikisa kuwanikwa kwezvombo nezvombo zvinokuchidzira kurwisana. Musoro weiyi nhaurirano yeboka: “Kubvisa zvombo munguva yeHondo yeMarudzi neChitendero” inoita seinokarakadza kuti pangava nenzira inokosha yokubvisa zvombo mumamiriro ezvinhu ekurwisana kwezvitendero nemarudzi. Rega ndive pachena pakutanga: Hofisi yeUN yeKubvisa Zvombo haisiyanise pakati pemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ehondo uye inotora nzira yakafanana mukuita basa rayo rekubvisa zvombo. Kuburikidza nekubvisa zvombo, tinotarisira kuderedza kuwanikwa kwemarudzi ese ezvombo izvo zvino kusimudzira kurwisana kwezvitendero, madzinza, uye kumwe kupararira pasi rose.
Kubvisa zvombo, mukukonana kwese, kungave kwerudzi, zvechitendero, kana neimwe nzira zvinosanganisira kuunganidzwa, zvinyorwa, kutonga uye kuraswa kwezvombo zvidiki, zvombo, zvinoputika uye zvombo zvakareruka uye zvinorema kubva kuvarwi. Chinangwa ndechekuderedza uye pakupedzisira kubvisa kuwanikwa kusingadzoreki kwezvombo uye nekudaro kudzikisira mikana yekuwedzera kunetsana kwechero rudzi.
Hofisi yedu inoshanda kutsigira nekusimudzira zvibvumirano zvekudzora zvombo sezvo zvibvumirano izvi zvakabata basa rakakosha mukupedza kupokana munhoroondo yese yekubvisa zvombo. Vaita sematanho ekuvaka chivimbo, vachipa zvese nzira uye mukana wekuunza mauto anopikisa patafura yenhaurirano.
The Arms Trade Treaty uye Chirongwa Chekuita, semuenzaniso, zvishandiso zviviri zvakakosha izvo nharaunda dzepasirese dzinogona kuendesa sedziviriro kubva mukutamiswa zvisiri pamutemo, kukanganisa kuunganidza uye kushandiswa zvisirizvo kwezvombo zvakajairika izvo, kazhinji, zvinoshandiswa kusimudzira dzinza, zvechitendero. , nemamwe makakatanwa.
IATT yakagamuchirwa nguva pfupi yapfuura neUN General Assembly ine chinangwa chekugadza mitemo yepamusoro-soro yepasi rose yekutonga kutengeserana kwepasi rose kwezvombo zvemazuva ose, uye kudzivirira nekupedza kutengeserana kusiri pamutemo kwezvombo zvemazuva ose uye kushandiswa kwavo. Tariro ndeyokuti nekuwedzera kudzorwa kwekutengeserana kwezvombo mwero mukuru werunyararo munzvimbo dzemakakatanwa uchaonekwa.
Sezvakataurwa noMunyori Mukuru nguva pfupi yapfuura, “Chibvumirano Chekutengeserana Kwezvombo chinopa chipikirwa chenyika ine rugare zvikuru uye kubvisa mukaha uri pachena wetsika mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda.
Kunze kwebasa rayo mukutsigira kutambirwa kweChibvumirano cheKutengeserana Kwezvombo, Hofisi yeUN inoona nezveKubvisa Zvombo inoona nezveChirongwa Chekuita Kudzivirira, Kurwisa uye Kubvisa Kutengeserana Kusiri Mhiri Kwezvombo Zvidiki uye Zvombo Zviedza Muzvinhu Zvazvo Zvose. Icho chinhu chakakosha cheUnited Nations chinotsigirwa chirongwa chakatangwa mu1990s kuderedza kuwanikwa kwezvombo zviduku uye zvombo zvishoma kuburikidza nekusimudzira hurumende dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutonga zvombo munyika dziri kutora chikamu.
UN Security Council inoitawo basa guru mukubvisa zvombo nechinangwa chokubvisa kurwisana kwemadzinza, chitendero, uye kumwe. Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2014, Security Council yakatora chisungo pamusoro pekutyisidzira rugare rwepasirese nekuchengetedzeka kunokonzerwa nezviito zvehugandanga[1], ichitaura nezvekutyisidzirwa kwakaitwa nevarwi vekune dzimwe nyika. Zvakakosha, Kanzuru yakasimbisa danho rayo rekuti nyika dzinofanira kudzivirira kupihwa kwakananga kana kusiri kwakananga, kutengesa, kana kuendesa zvombo kuIslam State muIraq neLevant (ISIL), Al Nusrah Front (ANF) nevanhu vese, mapoka, mabasa, uye. masangano ane chekuita neAl-Qaida.[2]
Kupedzisa, ndatsvaga kujekesa basa reUN Office for Disarmament Affairs uye basa rakakosha rekubvisa zvombo mukugadzirisa kusawirirana kwemarudzi, zvitendero, uye kumwe. Kubvisa zvombo, sezvaungave waunganidza pari zvino, inongova chikamu cheiyo equation. Basa redu paSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose rokugumisa kurwisana kwemarudzi, zvitendero, uye mamwe marudzi ibasa rakabatanidzwa remativi akawanda egadziriro yeUN. Kuburikidza chete nekushandisa ruzivo rwehunyanzvi hwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehurongwa hweUN ndipo patinokwanisa zvakanyanya kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekusawirirana kwechitendero, madzinza, uye kumwe kunoshanda.
[1] S/RES/2171 (2014), 21 Nyamavhuvhu 2014.
[2] S/RES/2170 (2014), chikamu chegumi.
