Kukura Kwehupfumi uye Kugadziriswa Kwegakava kuburikidza nePublic Policy: Zvidzidzo kubva kuNiger Delta yeNigeria.
Mafungiro Ekutanga
Munharaunda dzemacapitalist, hupfumi nemusika zvave zvakanyanya kutariswa pakuongorora zvine chekuita nebudiriro, kukura, uye kutsvaga budiriro uye mufaro. Zvakadaro, pfungwa iyi iri kuchinja zvishoma nezvishoma kunyanya mushure mekutambirwa kweUnited Nations Sustainable Development Agenda nenyika dziri nhengo pamwe chete negumi nenomwe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS). Kunyangwe zvibodzwa zvakawanda zvebudiriro inoenderera mberi zvichiwedzera vimbiso yecapitalism, zvimwe zvezvinangwa zvine chekuita nenhaurirano yebumbiro remakakatanwa ari munharaunda yeNiger Delta yeNigeria.
Iyo Niger Delta ndiyo dunhu rinowanikwa Nigerian crude oil uye gasi. Mazhinji makambani emafuta epasi rose ari kushanda nesimba muNiger Delta, achitora mafuta asina kuchena akabatana nenyika yeNigeria. Inenge 70% yemari yegore rose yeNigeria inowanikwa kuburikidza nekutengeswa kweNiger Delta oiri negasi, uye izvi zvinosvika makumi mapfumbamwe muzana ezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika pagore. Kana kubviswa uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta uye gasi zvikasakanganiswa mukati megore ripi neripi rezvemari, hupfumi hweNigeria hunotumbuka uye hunowedzera kusimba nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekutengesa kwemafuta. Nekudaro, kana kubviswa kweoiri nekugadzirwa kunokanganiswa muNiger Delta, kutengeswa kweoiri kunodzikira, uye hupfumi hweNigeria hunodzikira. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hupfumi hweNigeria hunotsamira sei paNiger Delta.
Kubva ma1980 ekutanga kusvika gore rino (kureva 2017), pave nekunetsana kuri kuitika pakati pevanhu veNiger Delta nehurumende yemubatanidzwa yeNigeria pamwe nemakambani emafuta emarudzi akawanda nekuda kwenyaya dzakawanda dzine chekuita nekutorwa kwemafuta. Dzimwe dzenyaya kukuvara kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusvibiswa kwemvura, kusaenzana maererano nekugovewa kwehupfumi hwemafuta, kusarudzika kunooneka uye kusabatanidzwa kweNiger Deltans, uye kushandiswa kunokuvadza kwedunhu reNiger Delta. Nyaya idzi dzakanyatsomiririrwa neavo United Nations Sustainable Development Goals izvo zvisina kunanga kune capitalism, kusanganisira asi kwete kugumira kuchinangwa 3 - hutano hwakanaka uye kugara zvakanaka; chinangwa 6 - mvura yakachena uye tsvina; chinangwa 10 - kuderedza kusaenzana; chinangwa 12 - kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa zvine mutoro; chinangwa 14 - hupenyu pasi pemvura; chinangwa 15 - upenyu panyika; uye chinangwa 16 - rugare, kururamisira uye masangano akasimba.
Mukuzengurira kwavo kune izvi zvibodzwa zvebudiriro, veNiger Delta indigenes vakaungana munzira dzakasiyana uye panguva dzakasiyana. Vane mukurumbira pakati pevamiriri veNiger Delta uye masangano emagariro iMovement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) yakaumbwa kutanga kwa1990 ichitungamirwa nemurwiri wezvemamiriro ekunze, Ken Saro-Wiwa, uyo, pamwe nevamwe vanhu vasere veOgeni (vanowanzo zivikanwa se. the Ogoni Nine), akatongerwa rufu nekusungirirwa muna 1995 nehurumende yemauto yaGeneral Sani Abacha. Mamwe mapoka emauto anosanganisira Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) yakaumbwa mukutanga 2006 naHenry Okah, uye nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) yakaonekwa munaKurume 2016, ichizivisa hondo pakuisirwa mafuta uye zvivakwa mukati Nzvimbo yeNiger Delta. Kunetsa kwemapoka aya eNiger Delta kwakakonzera kunetsana kwakanyanya nevemutemo nemauto. Kunetsana uku kwakawedzera kuita mhirizhonga, zvichikonzera kuparadzwa kwezvivakwa zveoiri, kurasikirwa nehupenyu, uye kumira kwekugadzirwa kwemafuta izvo zvakakanganisa uye zvakaendesa hupfumi hweNigeria kudzikira muna 2016.
Musi wa27 Kubvumbi 2017, CNN yakaburitsa mushumo wenhau wakanyorwa naEleni Giokos pamusoro unoti: “Upfumi hweNigeria hwaive ‘njodzi’ muna 2016. Gore rino richasiyana here?” Chirevo ichi chinoratidza zvakare kukanganisa kunokanganisa mhirizhonga muNiger Delta pahupfumi hweNigeria. Ndicho chinangwa chebepa rino saka kuongorora Giokos 'CNN nhau mushumo. Ongororo iyi inoteverwa nekuongororwa kwemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yakashandiswa nehurumende yeNigeria mumakore apfuura kugadzirisa gakava reNiger Delta. Kusimba uye kusasimba kwezvirongwa izvi zvinoongororwa zvichibva pane mamwe akakodzera dzidziso dzezvematongerwo enyika uye pfungwa. Pakupedzisira, mazano anopiwa kubatsira kugadzirisa kusawirirana kuripo muNiger Delta.
Ongororo yeGiokos' CNN News Report: "Hupfumi hweNigeria hwaive 'njodzi' muna 2016. Gore rino richasiyana here?"
Chirevo chenhau chaGiokos chinopa chikonzero chekuderera kwehupfumi hweNigeria muna 2016 nekurwiswa kwemapombi emafuta mudunhu reNiger Delta. Maererano neWorld Economic Outlook Projections report yakabudiswa neInternational Monetary Fund (IMF), hupfumi hweNigeria hwakanyura ne -1.5 mu 2016. Kuderera uku kune migumisiro yakaipa muNigeria: vashandi vakawanda vakadzingwa basa; mitengo yezvinhu nemasevhisi yakakwira zvakanyanya nekuda kwekukwira kwemitengo; uye mari yeNigerian - naira - yakarasa kukosha kwayo (ikozvino, inodarika 320 Naira yakaenzana neDhora rimwe).
Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekusiyana kwehupfumi hweNigeria, pese pakaita mhirizhonga kana kurwiswa kwekuiswa kweoiri muNiger Delta - iyo inozoomesa kutorwa nekugadzirwa kweoiri -, hupfumi hweNigeria hunogona kuderera mukuderera. Mubvunzo unofanirwa kupindurwa ndewekuti: sei hurumende yeNigeria uye vagari vatadza kusiyanisa hupfumi hwavo? Sei chikamu chekurima, indasitiri yehunyanzvi, mamwe mabhindauko ekugadzira, indasitiri yevaraidzo, zvichingodaro, zvisina kufuratirwa kwemakumi emakore? Sei uchingovimba nemafuta negasi? Kunyangwe iyi mibvunzo isiri iyo yakanyanya kutariswa nebepa rino, kuirangarira nekuigadzirisa kunogona kupa maturusi anobatsira uye sarudzo dzekugadzirisa gakava reNiger Delta, uye kuvakazve hupfumi hweNigeria.
Kunyange zvazvo hupfumi hweNigeria hwakanyura mukuderera muna 2016, Giokos anosiya vaverengi vane tariro ye 2017. Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei vatengesi vasingafaniri kutya. Kutanga, hurumende yeNigeria, mushure mekuona kuti kupindira kwemauto hakugoni kumisa Niger Delta Avengers kana kubatsira mukuderedza kukakavara, yakagamuchira nhaurirano uye kufambira mberi kwezvisarudzo zvemitemo kugadzirisa kusawirirana kweNiger Delta uye kudzorera rugare munharaunda. Chechipiri, uye zvichibva pakugadzirisa runyararo rwemakakatanwa kuburikidza nekukurukurirana uye kufambira mberi kwekugadzirisa mitemo, International Monetary Fund (IMF) inofanotaura kuti hupfumi hweNigeria huchawana 0.8 kukura mu2017 iyo ichabudisa nyika kubva mukuderera. Chikonzero chekukura kwehupfumi uku ndechekuti kutorwa kwemafuta, kugadzira uye kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwatanga zvakare mushure mekunge hurumende yatanga hurongwa hwekugadzirisa zvaidiwa neNiger Delta Avengers.
Mitemo yeHurumende yakanangana neNiger Delta Conflict: Kare neIyezvino
Kuti tinzwisise marongero ehurumende aripo akananga kuNiger Delta, zvakakosha kuti tiongorore marongero ehurumende dzakapfuura uye mabasa avo mukuwedzera kana kuderedza kusawirirana kweNiger Delta.
Chekutanga, hutungamiriri hwakasiyana-siyana hweNigeria hwakaisa mutemo waifarira kushandiswa kwemauto kupindira uye kudzvinyirira kugadzirisa matambudziko eNiger Delta. Makuriro akashandiswa mauto anogona kunge akasiyana mukutonga kwega kwega, asi mauto anga ari sarudzo yekutanga yakaitwa kumisa mhirizhonga muNiger Delta. Zvinosuruvarisa, matanho ekumanikidzira haana kumboshanda muNiger Delta nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda: kurasikirwa kusingakoshi kwehupenyu kumativi ose maviri; nzvimbo inofarira maNiger Deltans; vapanduki vane unyanzvi zvikuru; kukuvadza kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa pazvivako zvemafuta; vashandi vakawanda vokune dzimwe nyika vanopambwa panguva yekurwisana nemauto; uye chinonyanya kukosha, kushandiswa kwemauto kupindira muNiger Delta kunowedzera kurwisana kunozokanganisa hupfumi hweNigeria.
Chechipiri, kupindura kumabasa eMovement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) mukutanga kwema1990, mudzvanyiriri wemauto panguva iyoyo uye mukuru wenyika, General Sani Abacha, vakagadza uye vakashandisa mutemo wekudzivisa nemutongo werufu. Nekutongera Ogoni Nine rufu nekuturikwa muna 1995 - kusanganisira mutungamiri weMovement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, Ken Saro-Wiwa, nevamwe vake vasere - vachipomerwa mhosva yekukurudzira kupondwa kwevakuru vana veOgoni avo vaitsigira. hurumende yemubatanidzwa, hurumende yemauto yeSani Abacha yaida kumisa vanhu veNiger Delta kubva kune imwezve mhirizhonga. Kuurayiwa kwevaOgoni Nine kwakatambira mhosva munyika nepasirese, uye kwakatadza kumisa vanhu veNiger Delta kubva mukurwira kwavo kururamisira kwevanhu, hupfumi uye nharaunda. Kuurayiwa kweOgoni Nine kwakakonzera kuwedzera kwekunetsekana kweNiger Delta, uye gare gare, kubuda kwemafambiro matsva emagariro uye echiuto mukati medunhu.
Chechitatu, kuburikidza nemutemo wekongiresi, Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) yakagadzirwa mukutanga kwedemokrasi muna 2000 panguva yekutonga kwehurumende kweMutungamiri Olusegun Obasanjo. Sezvinoratidzwa nezita rekomisheni iyi, hurongwa hwepolicy hwakavakirwa padanho iri hunoenderana nekugadzira, kuita uye kutsigira mapurojekiti ebudiriro ane chinangwa chekupindura kune zvakakosha zvevanhu veNiger Delta - kusanganisira asi kwete kugumira kunzvimbo yakachena nemvura. , kuderedzwa kwekusvibiswa, hutsanana, mabasa, kutora chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvivakwa zvakanaka, pamwe nezvimwe zvezvinangwa zvekusimudzira: hutano hwakanaka uye kugara zvakanaka, kuderedzwa kwekusaenzana, kugadzirwa zvine mutoro uye kushandiswa, kuremekedza hupenyu pasi pemvura, kuremekedza hupenyu panyika. , rugare, kururamisira uye masangano anoshanda.
Chechina, kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezviitiko zveMovement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) pahupfumi hweNigeria, uye kupindura kune zvaidiwa neNiger Deltans, hurumende yeMutungamiri Umaru Musa Yar'Adua yakabva kure. kushandiswa kwemauto uye kugadzira zvirongwa zvekuvandudza nekudzorera zveNiger Delta. Muna 2008, Bazi reNiger Delta Affairs rakagadzirwa kuti rishande sesangano rinoronga zvirongwa zvekusimudzira nekudzorera. Zvirongwa zvekusimudzira zvaive zvekupindura kune chaiyo uye inofungidzirwa kusarongeka kwehupfumi uye kusabatanidzwa, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kusvibiswa kwemvura, nyaya dzekushaya basa nehurombo. Pachirongwa chehutongi hwezvekudzoreredza, Mutungamiri Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, kuburikidza nemutemo wavo waChikumi 26, 2009 vakapa ruregerero kuvapanduki veNiger Delta. Varwi veNiger Delta vakarasa zvombo zvavo, vakagadziridzwa, vakagamuchira kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita mabasa emaoko pamwe nekupihwa mari dzepamwedzi kubva kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa. Vamwe vavo vakapihwa mari yekuti vaenderere mberi nedzidzo yavo sechikamu chegwaro rekuregererwa. Zvese zviri zviviri chirongwa chebudiriro uye chirongwa chekudzorera chekutonga chaive chakakosha mukudzoreredza runyararo muNiger Delta kwenguva yakareba izvo zvakazosimudzira hupfumi hweNigeria kusvika pakubuda kweNiger Delta Avengers muna 2016.
Chechishanu, sarudzo yekutanga yehutongi hwehurumende iripo - yeMutungamiri Muhammadu Buhari - yakananga kuNiger Delta yaive yekumisa kuregererwa kwemutungamiri wenyika kana chirongwa chekudzoreredza chekutonga chakaiswa nehurumende dzakapfuura, vachitaura kuti chirongwa chekuregererwa chinogonesa uye kupa mubairo vanopara mhosva. Kuchinja kwakadaro kwakakura kwemutemo kunofungidzirwa kuti ndicho chikonzero chikuru chehondo yeNiger Delta Avengers pazvivako zvemafuta muna 2016. Kuti vapindure kune kuoma kweNiger Delta Avengers uye kukanganisa kukuru kwavakaita pakuisa mafuta, hurumende yeBuhari yakafunga kushandiswa. yekupindira kwemauto vachitenda kuti dambudziko reNiger Delta idambudziko remutemo uye kurongeka. Zvisinei, apo hupfumi hweNigeria hwakanyura nekuda kwemhirizhonga muNiger Delta, mutemo waBuhari pakurwisana kweNiger Delta wakashanduka kubva pakushandisa chete mauto kuenda kunhaurirano nekubvunzana nevakuru nevatungamiriri veNiger Delta. Zvichitevera shanduko inooneka mugwaro rehurumende rakanangana nekupokana kweNiger Delta, kusanganisira kudzoreredzwa kwechirongwa chekuregererwa pamwe nekuwedzera kwebhajeti rekuregererwa, uye nekuona nhaurirano irikuenderera mberi pakati pehurumende nevatungamiriri veNiger Delta, Niger Delta Avengers yakamiswa. mabasa avo. Kubva kutanga kwa2017, kwave nerunyararo muNiger Delta. Kubviswa kwemafuta nekugadzirwa kwatangazve, ukuwo hupfumi hweNigeria huri kupora zvishoma nezvishoma kubva mukudzikira.
Kubudirira Kwemitemo
Kurwisana muNiger Delta, kukanganisa kwakashata kune hupfumi hweNigeria, kutyisidzira kwayo rugare nekuchengeteka, uye kuedza kugadzirisa kukakavara nehurumende yeNigeria kunogona kutsanangurwa uye kunzwisiswa kubva mudzidziso yekushanda. Mamwe maitirwo ematongerwo enyika saDeborah Stone anotenda kuti mutemo weruzhinji igangaidzo. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, hurongwa hweveruzhinji gangaidzo pakati pekuita zvakanaka nekubudirira. Chinhu chimwe kuti mutemo weveruzhinji ushande; chimwe chinhu kuti mutemo iwoyo ushande. Vagadziri vemitemo nemitemo yavo vanonzi ndivo nyatsoshanda kana uye chete kana vakawana mibairo yepamusoro nemutengo wakaderera. Vagadziri vemitemo vanobudirira uye marongero havakurudzire kutambisa nguva, zviwanikwa, mari, hunyanzvi, uye tarenda, uye vanodzivisa zvachose kudzokorora. Mitemo inobudirira inowedzera kukosha kuhupenyu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu munharaunda. Mukupesana, vanogadzira mitemo nemitemo yavo vanonzi ndivo kubudirira kana vakazadzisa chinangwa chaicho - zvisinei kuti chinangwa ichi chinozadzikiswa sei uye kuti chinozadzikiswa kunaani.
Nemusiyano uri pamusoro uripo pakati pekubudirira nekubudirira - uye nekuziva kuti gwara harigone kushanda pasina kutanga nekutanga kushanda, asi gwara rinogona kushanda pasina kushanda -, mibvunzo miviri inoda kupindurwa: 1) Idzo sarudzo dzemutemo dzinotorwa ne hurumende dzeNigeria kuti dzigadzirise kusawirirana muNiger Delta zvakanaka kana kusashanda? 2) Kana vakasashanda zvakanaka, ndezvipi zviito zvinofanirwa kutorwa kuti vabatsire kuti vanyatsogona uye kuti vape mhedzisiro inogoneka kuvanhu vazhinji munharaunda?
Pamusoro pekusashanda kweNigerian Policies yakananga kuNiger Delta
Kuongororwa kwesarudzo huru dzesarudzo dzakatorwa nehurumende dzakapfuura uye dzazvino dzeNigeria sezvakaratidzirwa pamusoro, uye kusakwanisa kwavo kupa mhinduro dzakasimba kumatambudziko eNiger Delta kunogona kutungamirira kumhedzisiro yekuti mitemo iyi haina basa. Dai vaibudirira, vangadai vakapa mhedzisiro yepamusoro nemutengo wakaderera, uku vachidzivirira kudzokorora uye kutambisa nguva, mari uye zviwanikwa. Kana vezvematongerwo enyika nevanoita mitemo vakaisa kukwikwidzana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye huwori padivi uye voshandisa pfungwa dzavo, hurumende yeNigeria inogona kugadzira mitemo isina rusaruro inogona kupindura zvakakwana kune zvinodiwa nevanhu veNiger Delta uye kuburitsa mhedzisiro yakasimba kunyangwe paine bhajeti shoma uye zviwanikwa. . Panzvimbo pekugadzira mitemo inoshanda, hurumende dzakapfuura nehurumende iripo zvakaparadza nguva yakawanda, mari uye zviwanikwa, pamwe nekuita kudzokorora kwezvirongwa. Mutungamiri Buhari pakutanga akadzikisa chirongwa chekuregererwa, akacheka bhajeti rekuti rirambe richiitwa, uye akaedza kushandiswa kwemauto kupindira muNiger Delta - danho remitemo rakamubvisa kubva kune hutongi hwapfuura. Sarudzo dzechimbichimbi dzakaita seizvi dzinogona kungokonzeresa nyonga nyonga mudunhu uye kugadzira nzvimbo yekusawedzera kwemhirizhonga.
Chimwe chinhu chinoda kutariswa ndeye hutongi hwezvirongwa nezvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa dambudziko reNiger Delta, kuongororwa kwemafuta, kugadzira uye kutumira kunze kwenyika. Pamusoro peNiger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) uye Federal Ministry yeNiger Delta Affairs, zvinoita sekunge kune mamwe masangano mazhinji akagadzirwa ese ari maviri emubatanidzwa uye ehurumende nhanho kuti atarisire magariro nehupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza mudunhu reNiger Delta. Kunyangwe iyo Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) ine gumi nerimwe makambani anotsigira uye iyo Federal Ministry yePetroleum Zviwanikwa vane simba rekubatanidza mafuta negasi kuongororwa, kugadzira, kunze kwenyika, kudzora uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinogadziriswa, ivo vanewo mabasa emakambani munharaunda. Niger Delta pamwe nesimba rekukurudzira nekuita shanduko yemitemo ine chekuita neNiger Delta oiri uye gasi. Zvakare, vatambi vekutanga ivo pachavo - makambani epasi rose emafuta negasi - semuenzaniso Shell, ExxonMobil, Elf, Agip, Chevron, zvichingodaro, vakagadzira zvirongwa zvekusimudzira nharaunda zvine chinangwa chekuvandudza hupenyu hweNiger Deltans.
Nekuedza kwese uku, munhu anogona kubvunza: sei maIndia eNiger Delta achiri kunyunyuta? Kana vachiri kushungurudza kururamisira kwevanhu, hupfumi, zvakatipoteredza, uye zvematongerwo enyika, zvinoreva kuti mitemo yehurumende yekugadzirisa nyaya idzi pamwe chete nekuedza kwekusimudzira nharaunda kunoitwa nemakambani emafuta haashande uye akakwana. Kana chirongwa chekuregererwa, semuenzaniso, chakagadzirirwa kubatsira zvakanyanya vaichimbova varwi, ko nezvevanhuwo zvavo vekuNiger Delta, vana vavo, dzidzo, nharaunda, mvura yavanotsamira pakurima nekuredza, migwagwa, hutano, nezvimwe zvinhu izvo. vaigona kuvandudza hutano hwavo? Mitemo yehurumende nezvirongwa zvekusimudzira veruzhinji zvemakambani emafuta zvinofanirwa kuitwawo pasi pasi kuitira kubatsira vanhuwo zvavo mudunhu iri. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofanirwa kuitwa nenzira yekuti vanhuwo zvavo veNiger Delta vanzwe kusimbaradzwa uye kusanganisirwa. Kugadzira nekuita zvirongwa zvinoshanda zvinogadzirisa kusawirirana muNiger Delta, zvakakosha kuti vanogadzira mitemo vatange vaona uye vaone pamwe chete nevanhu veNiger Delta izvo zvakakosha uye vanhu vakakodzera kushanda navo.
Munzira Mberi
Pamusoro pekuona izvo zvakakosha uye vanhu vakakodzera kushanda navo kuti vatevedze mutemo nemazvo, mamwe mazano akakosha anopiwa pazasi.
- Kutanga, vagadziri vemitemo vanofanirwa kuziva kuti kukakavara muNiger Delta kune nhoroondo refu yakadzika midzi mukusarongeka kwevanhu, hupfumi uye kwezvakatipoteredza.
- Chechipiri, hurumende nevamwe vanobatana vanofanira kunzwisisa kuti migumisiro yedambudziko reNiger Delta yakakwirira uye ine migumisiro yakaipa pahupfumi hweNigeria pamwe chete nemusika wepasi rose.
- Chechitatu, mhinduro dzine mativi mazhinji emakakatanwa muNiger Delta dzinofanirwa kuteverwa nekusabatanidzwa kwekupindira kwemauto.
- Chechina, kunyangwe kana vakuru vezvemitemo vakaiswa kuti vadzivirire zvivakwa zveoiri, vanofanirwa kutevedzera tsika iyo inoti, "usakuvadza" vanhuwo zvavo uye maIndia eNiger Delta.
- Chechishanu, hurumende inofanira kuwanazve chivimbo uye chivimbo kubva kuNiger Deltans nekuratidza kwavari kuti hurumende iri kudivi ravo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa uye kushandiswa kwemitemo inoshanda.
- Yechitanhatu, nzira inoshanda yekubatanidza zvirongwa zviripo uye zvitsva zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa. Kurongeka kwakanaka kwekuita chirongwa kunovimbisa kuti vanhuwo zvavo veNiger Delta vanobatsirwa kubva muzvirongwa izvi, uye kwete boka rakasarudzwa revanhu vane simba.
- Yechinomwe, hupfumi hweNigeria hunofanirwa kusiyanisa nekugadzira nekuita zvirongwa zvinoshanda zvinozofarira musika wakasununguka, uchivhura musuwo wekudyara mukati, uye nekuwedzera, mamwe matunhu akaita sekurima, tekinoroji, kugadzira, varaidzo, kuvaka, zvekufambisa. (kusanganisira njanji), simba rakachena, uye zvimwe zvitsva zvemazuva ano. Hupfumi hwakasiyana-siyana huchaderedza kutsamira kwehurumende pamafuta negasi, kudzika zvematongerwo enyika kunotungamirwa nemari yemafuta, kuvandudza magariro nehupfumi hwevanhu vese vekuNigeria, uye zvinoguma nekusimudzira hupfumi hweNigeria.
Munyori, Dr. Basil Ugorji, ndiye Mutungamiriri uye CEO weInternational Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation. Akawana Ph.D. muKuongorora Kukakavadzana uye Kugadzirisa kubva kuDhipatimendi reKugadzirisa Kugadzirisa Zvidzidzo, Koreji yeUnyanzvi, Hunhu uye Sayenzi Yemagariro, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
