Chii chaitika? Nhoroondo Yekukonana

Nyika yeCongo yakapihwa nzvimbo huru dzepasi rose dzezvicherwa, dzinosvika pamadhora makumi maviri nemana emadhora (Kors, 24), iyo yakaenzana neGDP yeEurope neUnited States zvakasanganiswa (Noury, 2012). Mushure meHondo yekutanga yeCongo yakabvisa Mobutu Sese Seko muna 2010, makambani emigodhi aida kushandisa zvicherwa zveCongo akasaina zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi naLaurent Desire Kabila kunyange asati atora chigaro. Banro Mining Corporation yakatenga mazita emigodhi yeSociété Minière et Industrielle du Kivu (SOMINKI) kuSouth Kivu (Kamituga, Luhwindja, Luguswa neNamoya). Muna 1997, Banro akatanga chirongwa chekuongorora muLuhwindja chefferie, nharaunda yeMwenga, ichiteverwa nekuchera muna 2005.

Chirongwa chekuchera zvicherwa chekambani iyi chiri munzvimbo dzaimbove dzevagari vemunzvimbo iyi, uko vaiwana chouviri kuburikidza nemigodhi nekurima. Misha mitanhatu (Bigaya, Luciga, Buhamba, Lwaramba, Nyora neCibanda) yakadzingwa uye yave kuendeswa kunzvimbo ine makomo inonzi Cinjira. Nheyo yekambani (mufananidzo 1, p. 3) iri munzvimbo inosvika 183 km2 iyo yaimbogarwa nevanhu vangangoita 93,147. Musha weLuciga wega unofungidzirwa kuve waive nevanhu zviuru gumi nezvinomwe nemazana mapfumbamwe nenomwe.^[1] Vasati vatamiswa kuCinjira, varidzi veminda vakapihwa magwaro nemadzishe eko mushure mekupa mombe, mbudzi kana chimwe chiratidzo chekutenda munharaunda iyi. Kalinzi [appreciation]. Muchivanhu cheCongo, ivhu rinotorwa sechinhu chimwe chete chinofanira kugovaniswa munharaunda kwete kuti ive yemunhu mumwe nemumwe. VaBanro vakasiya misha yavo zvichitevera magwaro evakoloni akawanikwa kubva kuhurumende yeKinshasa iyo yaitorera avo vaiva neminda maererano netsika dzechivanhu.

Muchikamu chekuongorora, apo kambani yaichera nekutora sampuli, nharaunda dzakakanganiswa nekuchera, ruzha, matombo anodonha, makomba akazaruka, uye mapako. Vanhu nemhuka zvakawira mumapako nemakomba, uye vamwe vakakuvadzwa nematombo akadonha. Dzimwe mhuka hadzina kuzombowanikwa mumapako nemakomba, nepo dzimwe dzakaurayiwa nematombo aidonha. Vanhu vekuLuhwindja pavakaratidzira vachiti vanoda kuripwa, kambani iyi yakaramba ndokubata hurumende yeKinshasa iyo yakatumira masoja kunodzvinyirira kuratidzira uku. Mauto aya akapfura vanhu, akakuvadza vamwe uye vamwe vakaurayiwa kana kufa gare gare nekuda kwemaronda avakakuvara munzvimbo isina kurapwa. Makomba nemapako anoramba akavhurika, akazadzwa nemvura isingayerere uye painonaya, anova nzvimbo dzokuberekera umhutu, zvichiunza marariya kuvanhu vasina zvipatara zvinobudirira.

Muna 2015, kambani yakazivisa kuwedzera kwe59 muzana munzvimbo yekuchengetedza yeTwangiza chete, pasina kuverenga Namoya, Lugushwa neKamituga deposits. Muna 2016, kambani yakagadzira 107,691 ounces egoridhe. Mhindu yakawanikwa haionekwi mukuvandudzika kwemararamiro enharaunda, avo vanoramba vari varombo, vasina mabasa, uye vakatarisana nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye kwezvakatipoteredza izvo zvinogona kupinza Congo muhondo dzakanyanyisa. Izvi zvinotevera kuti kutambura kwevanhu kunowedzera kunoenderana nekudiwa kwepasi rose kwezvicherwa.

Nyaya dzemumwe nemumwe - kuti bato rega rega rinonzwisisa sei mamiriro ezvinhu uye nei

Nyaya yeMumiriri Wenharaunda yeCongo - Banro inotyisidzira mararamiro edu

Nzvimbo: Banro inofanirwa kutiripa uye kuenderera mberi nemigodhi chete mushure mekutaurirana nenharaunda. Tisu varidzi vezvicherwa kwete vatorwa. 

Nharaunda:

Chengetedzo/Chengetedzo: Kutamiswa kwenharaunda kubva kunyika yemadzitateguru edu uko kwataiwana chouviri uye muripo usingafadzi kutyora chose chiremerera nekodzero dzedu. Tinoda ivhu kuti tigare zvakanaka uye tichifara. Hatingave nerunyararo kana nyika yedu yatorwa. Tingabuda sei muhurombo uhu isu tisingakwanisi kurima kana kuchera zvangu? Kana tikaramba tisina nyika, tinosara tisina sarudzo kunze kwekubatana uye/kana kuumba mapoka ane zvombo.

Zvinodiwa Zveupfumi: Vanhu vazhinji havana mabasa uye tave varombo kupfuura kusati kwauya kwaBanro. Pasina ivhu, hatina mari. Somuenzaniso, taiva nemiti yemichero uye tairima yataigona kuwana chouviri mumwaka yakasiyana-siyana yegore. Vana vaidyawo michero, bhinzi, nemakotapeya. Hatichazvikwanisi. Vana vakawanda vari kutambura nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Vanochera migodhi havachakwanisi kuchera. Kwese kwavanowana goridhe, Banro anoti iri pasi pemvumo yavo. Semuenzaniso, vamwe vashandi vemugodhi vakawana nzvimbo yavakadaidza kuti 'Makimbilio' (Swahili, nzvimbo yekupotera) kuCinjira. Banro ari kutaura kuti iri pasi pevhu remvumo. Taifunga kuti Cinjira ndewedu kunyange zvazvo mararamiro akafanana nemusasa wevapoteri. Banro zvakare inosimbisa huwori. Vanopa vakuru vakuru vehurumende chiokomuhomwe kuti vatityityidzire, vatizeze mitero uye kuti vawane zvibvumirano zvakachipa. Dai kusiri kwehuwori, iyo 2002 Mining Code inoratidza kuti Banro inofanirwa kuchengetera nzvimbo yevanochera migodhi uye nekucherechedza mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Mushure mekupa chiokomuhomwe kuvakuru veko, kambani inoshanda zvisina mhosva. Vanoita zvavanoda uye vanoti ndivo vane nzvimbo yese ine zvicherwa inogarwa nevacheri vemigodhi, izvo zviri kuwedzera kunetsana nekusagadzikana munharaunda. Kana Banro vachiti ndivo vane zvicherwa zvese zvemugodhi wemigodhi nemhuri dzavo vanodarika miriyoni vowana kupi? Imwe nzira yasara kwatiri kutora pfuti kudzivirira kodzero dzedu. Nguva iri kuuya apo mapoka ane zvombo acharwisa makambani emigodhi. 

Physiological Zvinodiwa: Dzimba dzakavakirwa mhuri naBanro kuCinjira idiki. Vabereki vanogara muimba imwe chete nevana vavo vachiri kuyaruka, asi pachivanhu, vakomana nevasikana vanofanira kuva nedzimba dzakaparadzana mukomboni yevabereki vavo uye uko zvisingaite, vakomana nevasikana vanenge vaine makamuri akasiyana. Izvi hazvigoneke mudzimba diki nemakomboni madiki mamusingakwanise kuvaka dzimwe dzimba. Kana imba yekubikira idiki zvekuti hatina nzvimbo pachoto pataigara semhuri tichigocha chibage kana mufarinya tichitaura nyaya. Kumhuri imwe neimwe, chimbuzi nekicheni zviri pedyo kune imwe neimwe iyo isina kunaka. Vana vedu havana kwekutamba kunze, sezvo dzimba dziri pamusoro pechikomo chematombo. Cinjira iri pamusoro pechikomo chemawere, pakakwirira, uye kutonhora kwakadzikama kunoita kuti kazhinji kutonhore zvikuru nemhute inogara ichivharira misha, uye inoita kuti kuonekwe kunetse kunyangwe pakati pezuva. Yakatenuka zvakare uye isina miti. Kana mhepo ichivhuvhuta inogona kuwisira munhu asina simba pasi. Asi, hatikwanisi kudyara miti nekuda kwenzvimbo ine matombo.

Kutyorwa kwezvakatipoteredza/Mhosva: Munguva yekuongorora, Banro akaparadza nharaunda yedu nemakomba nemapako anoramba akavhurika nanhasi. Chikamu chemigodhi chine mhedzisiro ine njodzi nekuwedzera yakakura uye yakadzika makomba. Maswe kubva kumigodhi yegoridhe anodirwa padivi pemigwagwa uye tinofungidzira kuti ane cyanide acids. Sezvinoratidzwa nenhamba 1 iri pasi apa, ivhu rine muzinda waBanro rinosiiwa risina chinhu, richisangana nemhepo ine simba uye nekukukurwa kwevhu.

Mufananidzo 1: Banro Corporation nzvimbo yemugodhi[2]

Banro anoshandisa cyanide acid uye utsi kubva mufekitari hwakasangana kusvibisa nyika, mweya, uye mvura. Mvura ine muchetura inobva mufekitari inodirwa munzizi nemadziva zvinova zvinotiraramisa. Chepfu imwechete inokanganisa tafura yemvura. Isu tiri kusangana nechirwere chisingaperi chinodzivirira pulmonary, cancer yemapapu, uye acute yakadzika yekufema zvirwere, chirwere chemoyo uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinonetsa. Mhou, nguruve, nembudzi zvakaiswa muchetura nemvura yokunwa mufekitari, izvo zvakaguma norufu. Kubuditswa kwesimbi mumhepo kunokonzeresawo mvura ine acid iyo inokuvadza hutano hwedu, zvirimwa, zvivakwa, zvipenyu zvemumvura nedzimwe nhengo dzinobatsirikana nemvura inonaya. Kuenderera mberi nekusvibiswa, kusvibisa ivhu, mhepo nemvura matafura zvinogona kugadzira kusachengeteka kwekudya, kushomeka kwevhu nemvura uye zvinogona kutungamirira Congo muhondo dzezvakatipoteredza.

Belongingness/Muridzi uye Social Services: Cinjira yakaparadzaniswa nedzimwe nharaunda. Isu tiri toga asi kare, misha yedu yakanga iri pedyo nepedyo. Ko tingati nzvimbo iyi musha sei isu tisina kana ma title deeds? Takanyimwa zvivakwa zvese zvekugarisana zvinosanganisira zvipatara nezvikoro. Tiri kutyira kuti kana tikarwara, kunyanya vana vedu nanaamai vane pamuviri, tinogona kufa tisati tasvika kuchipatara. Cinjira haina zvikoro zvesekondari, izvo zvinoganhurira dzidzo yevana vedu kusvika kupuraimari. Kunyange pamazuva anotonhora zvikuru anowanzoitika mugomo, tinofamba nzendo refu kuti tiwane rubatsiro runosanganisira kurapwa, zvikoro, uye misika. Mugwagwa wega waienda kuCinjira wakavakwa pamateru chaiwo, painopindwa nemota dzemavhiri 4 × 4 (usingakwanise kuwana munhuwo zvake). Mota dzaBanro ndidzo dziri kushandisa mugwagwa uye dzinotyairwa zvisina tsarukano zvinova zvinokanganisa hupenyu hwevana vedu vanombotamba parutivi pemugwagwa pamwe chete nevanhu vanoyambuka kubva kwakasiyana. Takamboita nyaya dzekuti vanhu vawisirwe pasi uye kunyangwe vafa hapana anodaidzwa.

Kuzvikoshesa/Chiremerera/Kodzero dzevanhu: Chiremerera nekodzero dzedu zvinotyorwa munyika yedu. Imhaka yekuti tiri vaAfrica here? Tinonzwa kunyadziswa uye hatina kwatinomhan’ara nyaya yedu. Madzishe paakaedza kutaura nevachena ivavo, havana kuteerera. Pane kusawirirana kukuru musimba pakati pedu nekambani iyo, nekuti ine mari, ine simba pamusoro pehurumende inofanira kuvadaidza kuti vazvidavirire. Isu tisu tiri varombo. Hurumende kana kambani havatiremekedzi. Vese vanozvibata uye vanotibata saMambo Leopold II kana maBelgian colonizers vachifunga kuti vakuru kwatiri. Kana vaive vakuru, vanoremekedzwa uye vane tsika, sei vachiuya kuno kuzobira zviwanikwa zvedu? Munhu ane chiremera haabi. Panewo chimwe chinhu chatinonetsekana nacho kunzwisisa. Vanhu vanoramba mapurojekiti aBanro vanopedzisira vafa. Semuyenzaniso, aimbove Mwami (sabhuku wenzvimbo) weLuhindja Philemon … aipesana nekudzingwa kwenharaunda. Paakaenda kuFrance, motokari yake yakapiswa achibva afa. Vamwe vanonyangarika kana kugamuchira tsamba kubva kuKinshasa kuti vasakanganisa Banro. Kana chiremerera nekodzero dzedu zvikasaremekedzwa muno muCongo, ndekupi kumwe kwatingaremekedzwa? Inyika ipi yatingati musha wedu? Tingaenda kuCanada tozvibata semabatiro aBanro pano?

Kururamisira: Tinoda kururamisira. Kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemana, tiri kutambura uye tichidzokorora nyaya dzedu, asi hapana chakamboitwa. Izvi hazviverengeki kupambwa kwenyika iyi kwakatanga nekukorokoza nekugovaniswa kweAfrica muna 1885. Hutsinye hwakaitwa munyika ino, hupenyu hwakarasika uye zviwanikwa zvakapambwa kwenguva yakareba zvakadaro zvinofanira kuripwa. 

Nyaya yeMumiriri weBanro - Vanhu ndivo dambudziko.

Nzvimbo:  HATIZOMIRA kuchera.

Nharaunda:

Ehupfumi: Goridhe ratiri kuchera harisi remahara. Takaisa mari uye tinoda purofiti. Sezvo chiono chedu uye chinangwa chedu: Tinoda kuve "kambani yePremier Central Africa Gold Mining," mu "nzvimbo dzakakodzera, tichiita zvinhu zvakanaka, nguva dzese." Tsika dzedu dzinosanganisira kugadzira ramangwana rakagadzikana renharaunda dzinogamuchira, kuisa mari muvanhu uye kutungamira nekuvimbika. Taida kupinza basa vamwe vanhu vemuno asi havana hunyanzvi hwatinoda. Tinonzwisisa kuti nzanga yaititarisira kuvandudza mararamiro avo. Hatikwanise. Takavaka musika, takagadzira zvimwe zvikoro, takagadzirisa mugwagwa uye takapa amburenzi kuchipatara chiri pedyo. Isu hatisi hurumende. Yedu ibhizimusi. Nharaunda dzakadzingwa dzakabhadharwa. Pamuti wose webhanana kana wemichero, vaiwana $20.00. Vanochema-chema vachiti hatina kuripa zvimwe zvirimwa zvakaita seshenjere, miti isina michero, polyculture, fodya nezvimwe. Imarii iyo munhu anowana kubva muzvirimwa izvozvo? KuCinjira, vane kwavanorima muriwo. Vaigonawo kudzirima mumagaba kana kuti pamavheranda. 

Chengetedzo/Chengetedzo: Tinotyisidzirwa nechisimba. Ndosaka tichivimba nehurumende kuti itidzivirire kubva kumauto. Kakawanda vashandi vedu vakarwiswa.[3]

Kodzero dzeNzvimbo: Isu tinotevera nhungamiro mukodhi yemugodhi uye toita zvine hungwaru kune nharaunda dzinogamuchira. Isu tinotevedzera mitemo yedunhu uye tinozvibata sevakasimba uye vakavimbika vanopa hupfumi hwenyika nenharaunda, tichigadzirisa njodzi dzinogona kukanganisa mukurumbira wedu. Asi isu hatigoni kuita zvinopfuura zvinodiwa nemitemo yenyika. Isu tinogara tichiedza kudzikisa tsoka dzedu dzezvakatipoteredza mukutaurirana nenharaunda. Taida kudzidzisa nekubatira vamwe vanhu veko vaigona kudyara miti pese patakapedza basa rekuchera. Tinoda kuita izvozvo.

Kuzvikoshesa/Chiremerera/Kodzero dzevanhu: Isu tinotevera hunhu hwedu hwakakosha, ndiko kuremekedza vanhu, pachena, kutendeseka, kutevedzera, uye tinoshanda nehunyanzvi. Hatikwanise kutaura nemunhu wese munharaunda dzakatigamuchira. Tinozviita kuburikidza nevakuru vavo.

Kukura kweBhizinesi/Purofiti: Tinofara kuti tiri kuita purofiti yakatodarika yataitarisira. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti isu tinoita basa redu zvechokwadi uye nehunyanzvi. Chinangwa chedu ndechekubatsira mukukura kwekambani, kugara zvakanaka kwevashandi vedu, uye zvakare kugadzira ramangwana rakagadzikana renharaunda.

References

Kors, J. (2012). Blood mineral. Sayenzi Yazvino, 9(95), 10-12. Yakatorwa kubva https://joshuakors.com/bloodmineral.htm

Noury, V. (2010). Kutukwa kwecoltani. New African, (494), 34-35. Yakadzorerwa kubva https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-224534703/the-curse-of-coltan-drcongo-s-mineral-wealth-particularly

[1] Chefferie de Luhwindja (2013). Rapport du recensement de la chefferie de Luhwindja. Huwandu hwevakadzingwa inofungidzirwa kubva pakapedzisira kuverengwa zviri pamutemo muCongo muna 1984.

[2] Banro's base iri mumusha weMbwega, the groupment yaLuciga, muumambo hweLuhwundja inosanganisira vapfumbamwe mapoka.

[3] Mienzaniso pakurwiswa ona: Mining.com (2018) Militia inouraya vashanu pakurwisa Banro corp yekumabvazuva kweCongo mgodi wegoridhe. http://www.mining.com/web/militia-kills-five-attack-banro-corps-east-congo-gold-mine/; Reuters (2018) Marori emugodhi wegoridhe weBanro akarwiswa kumabvazuva kweCongo, vaviri vakafa: Mauto congo-two-dead-army-idUSKBN1KW0IY

Mediation Project: Mediation Case Study yakagadzirwa na Evelyn Namakula Mayanja, 2019