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Iyo Abrahamic Kutenda uye Universalism: Vatambi Vanobva Kutenda Munyika Yakaoma

Thomas Walsh November 2, 2016

Kutenda kwaAbrahamu

2 Mavhidhiyo
Kutaura kwaDr. Thomas Walsh
Kutaura kwaDr. Thomas Walsh

Keynote Speech pa 2016 Annual International Conference on Ethnic and Religious Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding.
Dingindira: “Mwari Mumwe muKutenda Kutatu: Kuongorora Hunhu Hwakagovaniswa Mutsika dzeChitendero chaAbrahama — ChiJuda, ChiKirisitu neIslam” 

ziviso

Ndinoda kutenda ICERM neMutungamiriri wayo, Basil Ugorji, nekundikoka kumusangano uyu unokosha uye nekundipa mukana wekugoverana mazwi mashomanana pamusoro peiyi nyaya inokosha, “Mwari Mumwe muKutenda Kutatu: Kuongorora Hunhu Hwakagovana Mutsika dzeChitendero chaAbrahama. ”

Musoro wemharidzo yangu nhasi ndewe “The Abrahamic Faiths and Universalism: Faith-Based Actors in a Complex World.”

Ndinoda kutarisa pamapoinzi matatu, sekunge nguva ichibvumidza: kutanga, chibvumirano chepasi rose kana chepasirese uye hunhu hwakagovaniswa pakati petsika nhatu; chechipiri, “rutivi rune rima” rworudzidziso namagamuchidzanwa matatu aya; uye chechitatu, mamwe emhando dzakanakisisa dzinofanirwa kukurudzirwa uye kuwedzerwa.

Common Ground: Universal Values ​​Yakagovaniswa neiyo Abrahamic Religious Traditions

Nenzira dzakawanda rungano rwetsika nhatu chikamu cherondedzero imwe chete. Isu dzimwe nguva tinodaidza chiJudha, chiKristu neIslam tsika dze“Abrahama” nekuti nhoroondo dzavo dzinobva kuna Abrahama, baba (naHagari) vaIshmaeri, kubva mudzinza ravo rinobuda Mohammed, uye baba vaIsaka (naSara) kubva kudzinza ravo, kuburikidza naJakobho. , Jesu anobuda.

Rondedzero iri munzira dzakawanda inyaya yemhuri, uye hukama pakati penhengo dzemhuri.

Nezvekukosheswa kwakagovaniswa, tinoona zvinowirirana munzvimbo dzedzidziso yebhaibheri kana dzidziso, tsika, zvinyorwa zvinoyera uye tsika dzetsika. Chokwadika, kunewo misiyano inokosha.

Dzidziso yebhaibheri kana kuti Dzidziso: monotheism, Mwari wekupa (anobatanidzwa uye anoshanda munhoroondo), chiporofita, chisikwa, kuwa, mesiya, soteriology, kutenda muhupenyu mushure merufu, mutongo wekupedzisira. Zvechokwadi, pachikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvamunobvumirana pane kukakavara uye kusiyana.

Kune dzimwe nzvimbo mbiri-dzepamusoro dzenzvimbo dzakafanana, dzakadai seruremekedzo rwepamusoro urwo maMuslim nemaKristu vanarwo kuna Jesu naMaria. Kana kuti kudavira Mwari mumwe kwakasimba kunoratidzira chiJudha nechiIslam, mukusiyana nedzidziso yoUtatu yechiKristu.

Ethics: Tsika dzese dziri nhatu dzakazvipira kuhunhu hwekururamisira, kuenzana, tsitsi, kurarama kwakanaka, kuroora uye mhuri, kutarisira varombo nevanotambura, kushandira vamwe, kuzvidzora, kupa chivakwa kana nzanga yakanaka, Mutemo weGoridhe, utariri hwezvakatipoteredza.

Kuzivikanwa kwetsika inowirirana pakati pemagamuchidzanwa matatu aAbrahama kwakapa kushevedzera kwokuumbwa kwe“tsika dzepasi rose.” Hans Kung anga ari mutsigiri anotungamira wekuedza uku uye yakasimbiswa paParamende ye1993 yeZvitendero zveNyika nedzimwe nzvimbo.

Magwaro Matsvene: Nhoroondo dzaAdhamu, Evha, Kaini, Abheri, Noa, Abrahamu, Mosesi dzinonyanya kutaurwa mutsika dzose dziri nhatu. Magwaro anokosha egamuchidzanwa rimwe nerimwe anorangarirwa sematsvene uye angave akaziviswa nenzira youmwari kana kuti akafuridzirwa.

mhinzamumba: MaJuda, maKristu nemaMuslim vanotsigira munamato, kuverenga rugwaro, kutsanya, kutora chikamu mukurangarira mazuva matsvene mukarenda, mhemberero dzine chekuita nekuzvarwa, rufu, kuroora nekuuya kwezera, kuisa parutivi zuva chairo rekunamatira nekuungana, nzvimbo. yekunamata nekunamata (chechi, sinagogi, mosque)

Tsika dzakagoverwa, zvisinei, hadzitauri nhau yose yetsika nhatu idzi, nokuti zvirokwazvo kune misiyano mikuru mumapoka ose matatu anotaurwa; theology, tsika, zvinyorwa, uye tsika. Pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha ndezvi:

  1. Jesu: tsika nhatu dzinosiyana zvakanyanya maererano nemaonero ekukosha, chinzvimbo, uye chimiro chaJesu.
  2. Mohammed: tsika nhatu idzi dzinosiyana zvakanyanya maererano nemaonero ekukosha kwaMohammed.
  3. Magwaro Matsvene: tsika nhatu idzi dzinosiyana zvakanyanya maererano nemaonero avo ezvinyorwa zvinoyera zvemumwe nemumwe. Kutaura idi, kune dzimwe ndima dzinonetsa dzinowanwa mune imwe neimwe yeaya magwaro matsvene.
  4. Jerusarema ne“Nyika Tsvene”: nzvimbo yeTemberi Mount kana Western Wall, Al Aqsa Mosque uye Dome yeDombo, padyo nenzvimbo tsvene dzechiKristu, kune misiyano yakadzika.

Mukuwedzera kune iyi misiyano yakakosha, tinofanira kuwedzera imwe nhanho yekuoma. Pasinei nekupikisa kunopesana, pane kupatsanurana kwakadzama kwemukati uye kusawirirana mukati meimwe yeiyi tsika huru. Kureva kupatsanurwa kuri mukati mechiJudha (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist), chiKristu (Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant), neIslam (Sunni, Shia, Sufi) zvinongokwenya pamusoro.

Dzimwe nguva, zviri nyore kune vamwe maKristu kuwana zvakawanda zvakafanana nemaMuslim pane kune mamwe maKristu. Zvimwe chetezvo zvinogona kutaurwa patsika imwe neimwe. Ndakaverenga nguva pfupi yadarika (Jerry Brotton, Elizabethan England uye Nyika yeIslam) kuti panguva dzeElizabeth muEngland (16th Century), pakanga paine nhamburiko dzekuvaka hukama hwakasimba nemaTurks, sezvaidiwa zvakanyanya kune vanosemesa maKatorike mukondinendi. Saka mitambo mizhinji yairatidza "Moors" kubva kuNorth Africa, Persia, Turkey. Ruvengo rwaiitwa pakati pevaKatorike nevaPurotesitendi panguva iyoyo, rwakaita kuti chiIslam chive shamwari inogamuchirwa.

Rutivi Rwakasviba rwechitendero

Kwazova kunozivikanwa navose kutaura nezve“divi rakasviba” rorudzidziso. Nepo, kune rumwe rutivi, rudzidziso rune maoko akasviba pakunouya kurwisano dzakawanda dzatinowana kupota nyika, hakuna mufungo kurangarira zvikurusa kubasa rorudzidziso.

Chitendero, shure kwezvose, mukuona kwangu, chakanaka zvikuru mukubatsira kwaro mukusimudzirwa kwevanhu nemagariro evanhu. Kunyange vasingadaviri kuvapo kwaMwari vanotsigira rondedzero dzokudisa zvenyika dzemhindumupindu yavanhu vanobvuma basa rakanaka rorudzidziso mukukura kwomunhu, kupukunyuka.

Zvakangodaro, kune zvirwere zvinowanzobatanidzwa nechitendero, sezvatinongowana zvirwere zvine chokuita nemamwe masangano evanhu, akadai sehurumende, bhizinesi, uye zvikamu zvose. Pathologies, mukuona kwangu, haisi yezita chairo, asi kutyisidzira kwepasirese.

Heano mamwe mashoma anonyanya kukosha pathologies:

  1. Chitendero chakawedzera ethnocentrism.
  2. Imperialism yechitendero kana kukunda
  3. Hermeneutic arrogance
  4. Kudzvinyirirwa kwe "imwe", iyo "kusasimbisa imwe."
  5. Kusaziva tsika yako uye yedzimwe tsika (Islamophobia, "Protocols yeVakuru veZion", nezvimwewo)
  6. "Teleological kumiswa kwetsika"
  7. "Clash of civilizations" naHuntington

Chii Chinodiwa?

Pane zvakawanda zvakanaka zviri kuitika pasi rose.

Bato rekubatana kwezvitendero riri kuramba richikura uye richibudirira. Kubva 1893 muChicago kwave nekukura kwakasimba kwenhaurirano dzezvitendero.

Masangano akaita seParamende, Religious for Peace, neUPF, pamwe nezvirongwa zvezvitendero zvose nehurumende zvekutsigira kubatana kwezvitendero, semuenzaniso, KAICIID, Amman Interfaith Message, basa reWCC, PCID yeVatican, uye pamusangano wezvematongerwo enyika. United Nations iyo UNAOC, World Interfaith Harmony Week, uye Inter-Agency Task Force paFBOs uye maSDGs; ICRD (Johnston), Cordoba Initiative (Faisal Adbul Rauf), CFR workshop pa "Chitendero uye Foreign Policy". Uye zvechokwadi ICERM neInterChurch Group, nezvimwe.

Ndinoda kutaura nezvebasa raJonathan Haidt, uye bhuku rake “The Righteous Mind.” Haidt inonongedza kune humwe hunhu hunokosha hunogoverwa nemunhu wese:

Kukuvadza/kutarisira

Kururama/kuwirirana

Kuvimbika muboka

Chiremera/kuremekedza

Kuchena/utsvene

Isu takasungirirwa kugadzira madzinza, semapoka anoshandira pamwe. Isu tine waya kuti tibatane kutenderedza zvikwata uye kupatsanura kana kupatsanura kubva kune zvimwe zvikwata.

Tinogona kuwana mwero here?

Isu tiri kurarama panguva yatinotarisana nekutyisidzirwa kukuru kubva mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuparadzwa kwemagetsi emagetsi, uye kukanganisa masangano emari, kutyisidzira kubva kune maniac nekuwana makemikari, zvipenyu kana zvombo zvenyukireya.

Mukuvhara, ndinoda kutaura maviri "maitiro akanakisa" anokodzera kutevedzerwa: Iyo Amman Intefaith Message, uye Nostra Aetate iyo yakaunzwa muna Gumiguru 28, 1965, "Munguva Yedu" naPaul VI se "chiziviso chekereke mu. ukama nezvitendero zvisiri zvechiKristu.”

Pamusoro peukama hwechiKristu vechiMuslim: “sezvo mumazana emakore pasina kupopotedzana uye kurwisana zvishoma zvakamuka pakati pevaKristu nevaMoslem, iyi sinodhi inoyera inokurudzira vose kukanganwa zvakaitika kare uye kushanda nomwoyo wose kuti vanzwisisane uye kuchengetedza uyewo kusimudzira pamwe chete. kuitira kubatsira kworudzi rwose rwevanhu kururamisira mumagariro evanhu uye kugara zvakanaka kwetsika, pamwe chete norugare norusununguko…” “nhaurirano yehama”

"RCC hairambi chinhu chiri chechokwadi uye chitsvene muzvitendero izvi" ... .. "kazhinji inoratidza mwaranzi yechokwadi inovhenekera vanhu vese." Zvakare PCID, uye Assisi World Day of Prayer 1986.

Rabhi David Rosen anoudaidza kuti “mutsa wechitendero” uyo unogona kushandura “ukama hune chepfu zvikuru.”

Amman Interfaith Message inotora Holy Quran 49:13. “Vanhu, takakusikai mese kubva kumurume mumwe chete nemukadzi mumwe chete, uye takakuitai marudzi nemadzinza kuitira kuti muzivane. Mukuona kwaAllah, vanonyanya kukudzwa pakati penyu ndivo vanovarangarira: Allah ndivo vanoziva zvose uye vanoziva zvose.”

La Convivencia muSpain uye 11th uye 12th mazana emakore "Golden Age" yeKushivirira muCorodoba, WIHW kuUN.

Kuita kwehunhu hwezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri: kuzvidzora, kuzvininipisa, rudo, ruregerero, rudo.

Kuremekedza zvemweya "zvakasanganiswa".

Bata mu "dzidziso yezvechitendero" kugadzira nhaurirano pamusoro pemaonero ekutenda kwako kune zvimwe zvitendero: chokwadi chezvavanoti, zvavanotaura nezveruponeso, nezvimwe.

Hermenutic humility re zvinyorwa.

chinamatidzwa

Nyaya yekupira kwaAbrahama mwanakomana wake paGomo reMoria (Mavambo 22) inoita basa guru mune yega yega tsika dzekutenda dzaAbrahama. Inyaya yakajairika, asi imwe inotaurwa zvakasiyana nemaMuslim pane nemaJuda nemaKristu.

Chibayiro chevasina mhosva chinonetsa. Mwari aiedza Abrahamu here? Waiva muedzo wakanaka here? Mwari aiedza kugumisa chibayiro cheropa here? Aiva mutangiri werufu rwaJesu pamuchinjikwa here, kana kuti Jesu haana kufa pamuchinjikwa zvachose.

Mwari akamutsa Isaka kubva kuvakafa, sokumutsa kwaaizoita Jesu here?

Akanga ari Isaka here kana kuti Ishmaeri? (Surah 37)

Kierkegaard akataura nezve "teleological kumiswa kwetsika." “Kurumbidza kwoumwari” kunofanira kuteererwa here?

Benjamin Nelson akanyora bhuku rinokosha muna 1950, makore apfuura rine musoro unoti, Iyo Idea yeUsury: Kubva kuTribal Brotherhood kuenda kune Universal Otherhood. Chidzidzo ichi chinotarisa maitiro ekuda mubereko mukubhadhara zvikwereti, chimwe chinhu chakarambidzwa munaDhuteronomi pakati penhengo dzedzinza, asi chinobvumidzwa muhukama nevamwe, kurambidzwa kwakafambiswa mberi kuburikidza neakawanda epakutanga uye medieval nhoroondo yechiKristu, kusvikira Reformation apo. chirambidzo chakapidigurwa, kuchipa nzira, mukuwirirana naNelson kurudzi rwose, umo nokufamba kwenguva vanhu vanobatana kune mumwe nomumwe munyika yose sa“vamwe.”

Karl Polanyi, muThe Great Shanduko, akataura nezve shanduko inoshamisa kubva kumagariro echinyakare kuenda kunzanga inotongwa nehupfumi hwemusika.

Kubva pakabuda "mazuva ano" nyanzvi dzakawanda dzezvemagariro evanhu dzakatsvaga kunzwisisa kuchinja kubva kumagariro evanhu kuenda kunzanga yemazuva ano, kubva pane izvo Tonnies akadana kuchinja kubva. Nharaunda to GesellschaftCommunity and Society), kana Maine anotsanangurwa senzvimbo yekuchinja masangano kune masangano echibvumirano (Mutemo wekare).

Kutenda kwaAbrahama chimwe nechimwe chisati chavepo mumavambo azvo. Imwe neimwe yaifanira kuwana nzira yayo, sekutaura, mukutaurirana hukama hwayo nemazuva ano, nguva inoratidzirwa nehutongi hwehurongwa hwenyika yenyika uye hupfumi hwemusika uye, kusvika pamwero wakati hupfumi hwemusika hunodzorwa uye kusimuka kana maonero epasirese anobiridzira. chitendero.

Imwe neimwe yaitofanira kushanda kuti idzikame kana kudzora simba rayo rakasviba. KuchiKristu nechiIslam panogona kuva nekatsika kekukunda kana kuti imperialism, kune rumwe rutivi, kana kuti zvimiro zvakasiyana-siyana zvehwandandamentali kana kunyanyisa, kune rumwe rutivi.

Nepo tsika yega yega ichitsvaga kuumba nzvimbo yekubatana nenharaunda pakati pevateveri, danho iri rinogona kupinda nyore mukusarura kune avo vasiri nhengo uye/kana kusatendeutsa kana kugamuchira maonero enyika.

KUTENDA IZVI ZVINOgovanei: The COMMON GROUND

  1. Theism, zvechokwadi monotheism.
  2. Dzidziso yeKupunzika, uye Theodicy
  3. Dzidziso yeRudzikinuro, Rudzikinuro
  4. Rugwaro Rutsvene
  5. Horeneutics
  6. Mudzi Wenhoroondo Wakajairika, Adhamu naEvha, Kaini Abheri, Noa, Vaprofita, Mosesi, Jesu
  7. Mwari Anobatanidzwa Munhoroondo, PROVIDENCE
  8. Geographic Proximity yeMavambo
  9. Genealogical Association: Isaka, Ishumaeri, naJesu vakabva kuna Abrahama
  10. Ethics

SIMBA

  1. tsika yakanaka
  2. Kuzvidzora uye Kuranga
  3. Mhuri Yakasimba
  4. kuzvininipisa
  5. Golden Rule
  6. Utariri
  7. Kuremekedzwa Kwevanhu Vose
  8. Justice
  9. chokwadi
  10. rudo

DIVI RAKASVIBA

  1. Hondo dzeChitendero, mukati nepakati
  2. Hutongi Huwori
  3. Kuzvikudza
  4. Triumphalism
  5. Nezvechitendero ruzivo ethno-centrism
  6. "Hondo Tsvene" kana crusade kana Jihad theology
  7. Kudzvinyirirwa kwe "vasingatenderi vamwe"
  8. Kusarudzika kana kurangwa kwevashoma
  9. Kusaziva kweumwe: Vakuru veZion, Islamophobia, nezvimwe.
  10. mhirizhonga
  11. Kukura ethno-religious-nationalism
  12. "Metanarratives"
  13. Kusaenzana
mugove
Categories: Misangano Coverage
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Thomas Walsh

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