Kunzwisisa Hondo muEthiopiya: Zvinokonzera, Maitiro, Mapato, Dynamics, Mhedzisiro uye Inodiwa Mhinduro

Ndakudzwa nekukokwa kuti nditaure kusangano renyu. Ndakanga ndisingazivi nezveInternational Center for Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM). Nekudaro, mushure mekufunda webhusaiti uye nekuona mishoni yako nezviitwa zvako, ndakafadzwa. Basa re 'kuyananisa chitendero chemarudzi' rinogona kukosha mukuwana mhinduro nekupa tariro yekupora nekupora, uye zvinodiwa pamusoro pekuedza 'kwezvematongerwo enyika' chete pakugadzirisa kusawirirana kana kuita runyararo nenzira yepamutemo. Iko kunogara kune hwaro hwakakura hwemagariro netsika kana simba rekupokana uye kuti anorwirwa sei, anomiswa, uye anozogadziriswa, uye kuyananirana kubva munharaunda kunogona kubatsira mukukonana. kushandurwa, kureva, kugadzira nzira dzekukurukura uye kutonga pane kuti vapedze kusawirirana chaiko.

Muchidzidzo cheEthiopiya chatinokurukura nhasi, mhinduro haisati yaonekwa, asi mamiriro emagariro evanhu, emarudzi uye echitendero angave anobatsira zvikuru kufunga nezvekushanda kune imwe. Kuyananisa nezviremera zvechitendero kana vatungamiriri venzanga hakusati kwapiwa mukana chaiwo.

Ndichapa nhanganyaya muchidimbu kuti chii chiri kukonana uku ndopa mamwe mazano ekuti ingapedzwe sei. Ndine chokwadi chekuti mese munoziva zvakawanda nezvazvo uye mundiregerere kana ndikadzokorora zvimwe zvinhu.

Saka, chii chakanyatsoitika muEthiopiya, nyika yekare yakasununguka muAfrica uye isina kumbobvira yaita koloni? Nyika ine kusiyana kukuru, tsika dzemarudzi akawanda, uye hupfumi hwetsika, kusanganisira dzezvitendero. Iine chechipiri chekare chechiKristu muAfrica (mushure meEgypt), chiJudha chekuzvarwa, uye hukama hwepakutanga neIslam, kunyange nyika isati yasvika. hijrah (622).

Pahwaro hwemakakatanwa ekuEthiopia ari kurasika, asina demokrasi, pfungwa dzemadzinza, zvido zvevakuru zvisingaremekedze kuzvidavirira kune huwandu hwevanhu, uye zvakare kupindira kwekunze.

Vaviri vanokwikwidza zvikuru isangano rehupanduki, Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), uye hurumende yeEthiopian, asi vamwe vakabatanidzwa zvakare: Eritrea, mauto anozvidzivirira emunharaunda uye mashoma mashoma eTPLF-allied akasimba echisimba, senge OLA, iyo 'Oromo Liberation Army'. Uye zvakare kune cyber-warfare.

The armed struggle kana hondo imhaka ye kukundikana kwehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika uye kushanduka kwakaoma kubva pautongi hwehudzvanyiriri kuenda kuhurongwa hwematongerwo enyika. Shanduko iyi yakatangwa muna Kubvumbi 2018, pakaita shanduko yeMutungamiriri. TPLF ndiyo yaive bato rakakosha mumubatanidzwa weEPRDF wakabuda mukurwisana nemauto. Derg hutongi, uye yakatonga kubva muna 1991 kusvika 2018. Saka, Ethiopia haina kumbobvira yave nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakavhurika uye TPLF-EPRDF haina kuchinja izvozvo. The TPLF elite yakabuda kubva ku ethno-region yeTigray uye Tigray vanhu vakapararira muEthiopiya yakasara (ca. 7% yehuwandu hwevanhu). Payaitonga (panguva iyoyo, nevamiriri vemamwe mapato 'emarudzi' mumubatanidzwa iwoyo), yaisimudzira kukura kwehupfumi nebudiriro asi yakaunganidza masimba makuru ezvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi. Yakachengetedza nyika yakadzvanyirira yekutarisa, iyo yakagadziridzwa zvakare muchiedza chezvematongerwo enyika: kuzivikanwa kwevanhu kwakasarudzwa zviri pamutemo maererano nemadzinza, uye kwete zvakanyanya mupfungwa yakafara yehugari hweEthiopiya. Vaongorori vazhinji mukutanga kwema1990 vakayambira pamusoro peizvi uye zvechokwadi pasina, nekuti yaive zvematongerwo enyika modhi iyo TPLF yaida kuisa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakasiyana, (kusanganisira 'edzinza rekupa simba', 'ethno-linguistic' kuenzana, nezvimwewo). Zvibereko zvinovava zvemuenzaniso watinokohwa nhasi - ruvengo rwemadzinza, kukakavara, kukwikwidza kweboka kunotyisa (uye zvino, nekuda kwehondo, kunyange ruvengo). Hurongwa hwematongerwo enyika hwakagadzira kusagadzikana kwemaitiro uye hwakadzamisa mimetic kukwikwidzana, kutaura mumashoko aRené Girard. Chirevo cheEthiopia chinogarotaurwa, 'Gara kure nemagetsi nezvematongerwo enyika' (kureva kuti, unogona kuurayiwa), zvakanyanya kuchengetedza kushanda kwaro mushure meEthiopia ya1991… Uye mabatirwo emarudzi ezvematongerwo enyika achiri dambudziko guru mukuvandudza muEthiopia. zvematongerwo enyika.

Ethnic-mitauro yakasiyana-siyana ichokwadi muEthiopia, kufanana nenyika dzakawanda dzeAfrica, asi makore makumi matatu apfuura akaratidza kuti dzinza harina kusanganiswa zvakanaka nezvematongerwo enyika, kureva kuti, haishande zvakakwana senzira yesangano rezvematongerwo enyika. Kusandura zvematongerwo enyika zvemadzinza uye 'urudzi rwemarudzi' kuita zvematongerwo enyika zvinotungamirwa nenyaya dzegutsaruzhinji zvingava zvakanaka. Kuzivikanwa kuzere kwetsika / kuzivikanwa kwemarudzi kwakanaka, asi kwete kuburikidza neshanduro yavo yega-pane-imwe mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Hondo yakatanga sezvamunoziva muhusiku hwa3-4 Mbudzi 2020 nekukasira kurwiswa kweTPLF pauto remubatanidzwa reEthiopiya rakamira mudunhu reTigray, kumuganhu neEritrea. Kuwanda kwemauto emubatanidzwa, iyo Northern Command yaive yakazara, yaive munharaunda iyoyo, nekuda kwehondo yekutanga neEritrea. Kurwisa kwacho kwakanga kwakanyatsogadzirirwa. TPLF yakange yatovaka machesi ezvombo nemafuta muTigray, mazhinji acho akavigwa munzvimbo dzakavanda. Uye ye3-4 Mbudzi 2020 yekumukira vaive vaenda kuvakuru veTigrayan nemasoja. mukati uto remubatanidzwa kuti vabatane, izvo vaiita zvakanyanya. Yakaratidza kugadzirira kweTPLF kushandisa mhirizhonga zvisingaite senzira yezvematongerwo enyika kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Izvi zvakaonekwawo muzvikamu zvakatevera zvekukonana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzira isina tsitsi iyo kurwiswa kwemisasa yemauto emubatanidzwa kwakaitwa (pamwe nemauto emubatanidzwa anosvika zviuru zvina akaurayiwa muhope uye vamwe mukurwa) uye, nekuwedzera, kuurayiwa kwe'Mai Kadra' (pa 4,000-9 Mbudzi 10) haina kukanganwika kana kukanganwirwa nevazhinji veEthiopiya: yaionekwa zvakanyanya sehupanduki uye hutsinye.

Hurumende yeEthiopiya yakadavidza kurwiswa kwacho zuva raitevera uye yakazowana simba repamusoro mushure memavhiki matatu ehondo. Yakaisa hurumende yenguva pfupi muguta guru reTigray, Meqele, rinoshandiswa nevanhu veTigrayan. Asi hupanduki hwakaramba huchienderera mberi, uye kuramba kwenzvimbo yekumaruwa uye kuparadza uye kutya kweTPLF mudunhu rayo kwakabuda; kuparadzazve kugadzirisa nharembozha, kutadzisa varimi kurima minda, kunangana nevakuru veTigray mukutonga kwedunhu renguva pfupi (nevanoda kupondwa zana. Onai iyo inosuruvarisa nyaya yainjiniya Enbza Tadesse uye kubvunzurudza nechirikadzi yake) Hondo dzakapfuurira kwemwedzi yakawanda, paine kukuvadzwa kukuru uye kushungurudzwa kunoitwa.

Musi wa28 Chikumi 2021 mauto emubatanidzwa akadzokera kunze kweTigray. Hurumende yakapa unilateral ceasefire - kugadzira nzvimbo yekufema, kubvumira TPLF kuti ifunge zvakare, uye kupawo varimi veTigrayan mukana wekutanga basa ravo rekurima. Kuvhura uku hakuna kutorwa nehutungamiriri hweTPLF; vakachinjira kuhondo yakaoma. Kubviswa kwemauto eEthiopia kwakagadzira nzvimbo yekurwiswa patsva kweTPLF uye chokwadi mauto avo akadzika kumaodzanyemba, achinangana zvakanyanya nevagari vemo uye nharaunda kunze kweTigray, vachiita mhirizhonga isati yamboitika: 'kuvavarira' kwemarudzi, maitiro epasi, kutyisidzira vanhu nehutsinye. simba uye kuuraya, uye kuparadza uye kupamba (hapana zvinangwa zvehondo).

Mubvunzo ndewokuti, sei hondo ine simba iyi, hutsinye uhwu? VaTigrayan vaive munjodzi here, nzvimbo yavo nevanhu vaivepo vaityisidzirwa here? Zvakanaka, iyi ndiyo nhoroondo yezvematongerwo enyika iyo TPLF yakavaka uye yakapa kune nyika yekunze, uye yakatosvika pakuda kutora kuvharirwa kwakarongeka kwevanhu paTigray uye kunonzi kuurayiwa kwevanhu veTigrayan. Hapana chaive chechokwadi.

There aiva kwave kukonzeresa kusawirirana padanho revakuru kubva kutanga kwa2018 pakati pehutungamiriri hweTPLF hunotonga muTigray Regional State nehurumende yemubatanidzwa, ichokwadi. Asi idzi dzanga dziri nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika-zvekutonga uye mapoinzi ane chekuita nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwesimba uye zviwanikwa zvehupfumi pamwe nekupokana kwehutungamiriri hweTPLF kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa munzira dzayo dzeCCIDID-19 nekunonoka kwayo sarudzo dzenyika. Dzaigona kunge dzakagadziriswa. Asi zviri pachena kuti hutungamiriri hweTPLF hwakatadza kubvuma kudzikiswa kubva kuhutungamiriri hwemubatanidzwa munaKurume 2018 uye vaitya kufumurwa kwavo kwehupfumi husina kunaka, uye rekodhi yavo yekudzvinyirirwa mumakore apfuura. Vakarambawo ani nhaurirano/nhaurirano nenhume dzakabva kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa, kubva kumapoka evakadzi kana kubva kuvakuru vezvitendero vakaenda kuTigray mugore rehondo hondo isati yatanga vachivakumbira kuti vabvumirane. TPLF yaifunga kuti yaigona kutora masimba kuburikidza nemhirizhonga ine pfuti vofora kuenda kuAddis Ababa, kana kuti vokonzeresa bongozozo munyika zvekuti hurumende yemutungamiri wenyika iyi Abiy Ahmed yaizodonha.

Chirongwa chakakundikana uye hondo yakashata yakaguma, isati yapera nhasi (30 Ndira 2022) sezvatiri kutaura.

Semuongorori weEthiopia aita basa remumunda munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzenyika, kusanganisira Kuchamhembe, ndakakatyamadzwa nekukura uye kusimba kwemhirizhonga isati yamboitika, kunyanya neTPLF. Uyewo mauto ehurumende yemubatanidzwa akanga asina mhosva, kunyanya mumwedzi yekutanga yehondo, kunyange zvazvo vaidarika vakasungwa. Ona pazasi.

Muchikamu chekutanga chehondo munaNovember 2020 kusvika ca. Chikumi 2021, pakave nekushungurudzwa uye kusuwa kwakaunzwa nemapato ese, zvakare nemauto eEritrea akapinda. Kushungurudzwa kwemasoja nemauto kuTigray kwanga kusingatenderwe uye vanga vari mushishi kutongwa negweta guru reEthiopian. Sezvingabvira, zvisinei, kuti ivo vakanga vari rutivi rwehondo yakafanorongwa urongwa vehondo yavaEtiopia. Paive neshumo (rakabudiswa musi wa3 Mbudzi 2021) pamusoro pekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uku muchikamu chekutanga chehondo iyi, kureva, kusvika 28 Chikumi 2021, yakadhirowewa nechikwata cheUNHCR neEHRC yakazvimiririra, uye izvi zvakaratidza hunhu nehukuru. zvekushungurudzwa. Sezvambotaurwa, vazhinji vevapari vemhosva kubva kumauto eEritrea neEthiopia vakaunzwa kudare uye vakatongerwa mitongo yavo. Vanoshungurudza kudivi reTPLF havana kumbopomerwa mhosva nehutungamiriri hweTPLF, zvakasiyana.

Pashure perinopfuura gore mukurwisana, iko zvino kune kurwa kushoma pasi, asi nanhasi hausati wapera. Kubva Zvita 22, 2021, hapana kurwa kwemauto mudunhu reTigray pacharo - sezvo mauto emubatanidzwa akadzosera kumashure TPLF akarairwa kuti amire pamuganhu wedunhu reTigray. Kunyangwe, dzimwe nguva kurova kwemhepo kunoitwa pamitsara yekugovera uye nzvimbo dzekuraira muTigray. Asi kurwa kwakapfuurira mumativi eNzvimbo yeAmhara (somuenzaniso, muAvergele, Addi Arkay, Waja, T'imuga, uye Kobo) uye munharaunda yeAfar (somuenzaniso, muAb'ala, Zobil, uye Barhale) iri mumuganhu weTigray Region, zvinoshamisa. zvakare kuvhara mitsetse yekubatsira vanhu kuTigray pachayo. Kupondwa kwenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kunoenderera mberi, kuuraya nekuparadza midziyo zvakare, kunyanya zvakare zvekurapa, zvedzidzo, uye zvehupfumi. Vemunharaunda Afar neAmhara mauto anorwa achidzokera, asi mauto emubatanidzwa haasati abatanidzwa zvakanyanya.

Mamwe mazwi ekuchenjerera panhaurirano/nhaurirano ave kunzwika (nguva pfupi yapfuura neMunyori Mukuru weUN, António Guterres, uye kuburikidza nemumiriri akakosha weAU kuNyanga yeAfrica, Aimbova Mutungamiri Olusegun Obasanjo). Asi pane zvigumbuso zvakawanda. Uye mapato epasi rose akaita seUN, EU kana US anoita kwete kukwidza kuTPLF kuti imire uye izvidavirire. vanogona pave ne'dhiri' neTPLF? Pane kupokana kukuru. Vazhinji muEthiopia vanoona TPLF seisina kuvimbika uye ingangogara ichida kutsvaga mimwe mikana yekukanganisa hurumende.

Matambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika aivepo pamberi hondo ichiripo uye haina kuunzwa nhanho ipi neipi pedyo nemhinduro nokurwa.

Muhondo yese, TPLF yaigara ichipa 'underdog rondedzero' pamusoro pavo nenzvimbo yavo. Asi izvi zvinokahadzika - vanga vasiri bato revarombo uye vanotambura. Vaive nemari yakawanda, vaive nehupfumi hombe, muna 2020 vachiri vakashonga meno, uye vaive vagadzirira hondo. Vakagadzira rondedzero yekusarurwa uye kunonzi kushungurudzwa kwemarudzi nekuda kwemaonero epasirese uye kune vagari vekwavo, vavaive vakabatirira zvakasimba (Tigray yaive imwe yenzvimbo dzisina demokrasi muEthiopia mumakore makumi matatu apfuura). Asi iyo rondedzero, kutamba kadhi redzinza, yakanga isingagutsi, wo nekuti maTigrayan mazhinji anoshanda muhurumende yemubatanidzwa uye mune mamwe masangano padanho renyika: Minister of Defense, Minister of Health, mukuru weGERD hofisi yekuunganidza, Minister of Democratization Policy, uye vakasiyana vatori venhau. Izvo zvakare zvine mubvunzo zvakanyanya kana huwandu hweTigrayan hwakakura vese vachitsigira nemoyo wese (ed) iyi TPLF kufamba; hatigoni kunyatsoziva, nokuti kwave kusina masangano ehurumende akazvimirira chaiwo, pasina nhepfenyuro yakasununguka, pasina gakava revoruzhinji, kana kushora ikoko; Chero zvazvingava, ruzhinji rwakanga rusina sarudzo, uye vazhinji vakabatsirwawo nehupfumi kubva kuhurumende yeTPLF (Vazhinji vevaTigrayan vediaspora kunze kweEthiopia vanozviita).

Paivewo neanoshanda, akadanwa nevamwe, cyber-mafia yakabatana neTPLF, ikaita mishandirapamwe yekuuraya disinformation uye kutyisidzira kwakakanganisa nhepfenyuro yepasirese uye kunyangwe kune vanoita mitemo yenyika. Vakanga vachidzokorora rondedzero nezve yainzi 'Tigray genocide' mukugadzira: yekutanga hashtag pane iyi yakaonekwa yatova maawa mashoma mushure mekurwiswa kweTPLF pamauto emubatanidzwa musi wa4 Mbudzi 2020. Saka, chaive chisiri chokwadi, uye kushungurudzwa izwi iri rakafanorongwa, senzira yekuparadzira. Imwe yaive pa'kuvharirwa kwevanhu' kweTigray. Ikoko is kusachengeteka kwakakomba kwechikafu muTigray, uye ikozvino zvakare munzvimbo dziri pedyo dzehondo, asi kwete nzara muTigray semugumisiro we 'blockade'. Hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakapa rubatsiro rwechikafu kubva pakutanga - kunyangwe isina kukwana, haina kukwanisa: migwagwa yakavharwa, nhandare dzendege dzakaparadzwa (semuenzaniso, muAksum), zvinhu zvaiwanzobiwa neuto reTPLF, uye marori echikafu kuTigray akatorwa.

Marori anopfuura 1000 echikafu aienda kuTigray kubva mumwedzi mishoma yapfuura (akawanda aine mafuta akakwana erwendo rwekudzoka) akange asati azivikanwa pakazosvika Ndira 2022: angangodaro akashandiswa kutakura mauto neTPLF. Musvondo rechipiri nerechitatu raNdira 2022, mamwe marori erubatsiro aifanira kudzoka nekuti TPLF yakarwisa nzvimbo yeAfar yakatenderedza Ab'ala ichibva yavhara nzira yekupinda.

Uye munguva pfupi yapfuura takaona mavhidhiyo kubva kunharaunda yeAfar, zvichiratidza kuti pasinei nekurwiswa kweutsinye kweTPLF kuvanhu veAfar, nzvimbo yeAfar yakaramba ichibvumira mauto evanhu kuti apfuure nzvimbo yavo kuTigray. Chavakazowana chaive chekuroverwa misha nekuuraya vanhuwo zvavo.

Chinhu chikuru chanetsa chave kupindurwa kwevamiriri vepasi rose, kunyanya nyika dzekuMadokero dzinopa (kunyanya kubva kuUSA neEU): inoita seisina kukwana uye yakasarudzika, kwete ruzivo-rwakavakirwa: zvisina kufanira, kudzvanyirira kwakarerekera kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa, vasingatarise zvido zve. muEtiopia vanhu (kunyanya, avo vakabatwa), pakugadzikana kwedunhu, kana pahupfumi hweEthiopia hwakazara.

Semuyenzaniso, iyo US yakaratidza imwe isinganzwisisike mutemo reflexes. Padivi pekumanikidza PM Abiy kuti amise hondo - asi kwete paTPLF - vakafunga kushandira 'kuchinja kwehurumende' muEthiopia. Vakakoka mapoka anopikisa ane mumvuri kuWashington, uye Embassy yeUS muAddis Ababa kusvika mwedzi wapfuura akachengetwa vachidana vagari vekwavo vamene uye vatorwa vose zvavo kuti siya Ethiopia, kunyanya Addis Ababa, 'nguva ichiripo'.

Gwaro reUS rinogona kupesvedzerwa nemubatanidzwa wezvinhu: debacle yeUS Afghanistan; kuvapo kweboka rinokurudzira pro-TPLF kuDhipatimendi reHurumende uye kuUSAID; iyo US pro-Egypt mutemo uye maitiro ayo ekurwisa Eritrea; kushomeka kwehungwaru / kugadzirisa ruzivo nezve gakava, uye kutsamira kwerubatsiro rweEthiopia.

Kana murongi wezvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika muEU, VaJosep Borrell, nevamiriri veparamende vazhinji veEU vakaratidza divi ravo repamusoro, nekudaidzira kwavo zvirango.

The media yepasirese zvakare yakaita basa rinokatyamadza, iine zvinyorwa zvisina kuferefetwa uye kutepfenyura (kunyanya zveCNN zvaisawanzo kutambirwa). Vaiwanzotora divi reTPLF uye vakatarisa kunyanya kuhurumende yemubatanidzwa yeEthiopia neMutungamiriri wayo, nemutongo unofanotaurwa: 'Sei muhwina weNobel Peace Prize achienda kuhondo?' (Kunyangwe, zviri pachena, mutungamiri wenyika haagone kubatwa 'nhapwa' kumubairo iwoyo kana nyika ikarwiswa muhondo yevapanduki).

Nhepfenyuro dzepasi rose dzakagara dzichizvidza kana kufuratira kufamba kwe hashtag kuri kukurumidza kubuda pakati peEthiopian diaspora nevekuEthiopia veko, vakaramba kupindira uye hukasha hwekutaura kwenhau dzekuMadokero uye kweUSA-EU-UN matunhu. MaEthiopian diaspora anoita seakawanda ari kumashure kwemaitiro ehurumende yeEthiopiya, kunyangwe vachiitevera neziso rakashata.

Imwe yekuwedzera pamhinduro yepasirese: mutemo wezvirango weUS kuEthiopia uye kubvisa Ethiopia kubva kuAGOA (mutero wakaderera wekutengesa zvinhu pazvigadzirwa kuUSA) semuna 1 Ndira 2022: chiyero chisina chibereko uye chisina hanya. Izvi zvinongokanganisa hupfumi hwekugadzirwa kweEthiopiya uye kuita makumi ezviuru, kunyanya vakadzi, vashandi vashaye mabasa - vashandi avo vanonyanya kutsigira PM Abiy muzvirongwa zvake.

Saka tave papi?

TPLF yarohwa kudzokera kuchamhembe nemauto emubatanidzwa. Asi hondo haisati yapera. Kunyange hazvo hurumende yakadaidza TPLF kuti irege kurwa, uye yakatomisa hurongwa hwayo pamiganhu yedunhu reTigray, TPLF inoenderera mberi nekurwisa, kuuraya, kubata chibharo vanhuwo zvavo, uye kuparadza misha nemataundi muAfar nekuchamhembe kweAmhara..

Vanoratidzika kunge vasina chirongwa chinovaka cheramangwana rezvematongerwo enyika reEthiopia kana Tigray. Mune chero chibvumirano chenguva yemberi kana kuenzanisa, zvinofarirwa nehuwandu hweTigrayan zvinofanirwa kutariswa, kusanganisira kugadzirisa kusachengeteka kwechikafu. Kuvashungurudza hakuna kukodzera uye zvematongerwo enyika zvinopikisa. Tigray inhoroondo, yechitendero, uye yetsika nzvimbo yeEthiopiya, uye inofanirwa kuremekedzwa nekugadziridzwa. Hazvina chokwadi kana izvi zvichigona kuitwa pasi pehutongi hweTPLF, iyo sekutaura kwevaongorori vakawanda ikozvino yakangopfuura zuva rayo rekushanda. Asi zvinoita sekunge TPLF, iri bato rine masimba, zvinodiwa kukakavara kuti varambe vachiyangarara, zvakare kune vagari vayo muTigray - vamwe vacherechedzi vakaona kuti vangangoda kumisikidza nguva yekuzvidavirira pakupambadza kwavo zviwanikwa, uye nekumanikidza kwavo varwi vazhinji - uye akawanda Mwana varwi pakati pavo - muhondo, kure nemabasa anobereka uye dzidzo.

Pedyo nekudzingwa kwemazana ezviuru, zvechokwadi zviuru zvevana nevadiki vakanyimwa dzidzo kweanoda kusvika makore maviri - zvakare munzvimbo dzehondo dzeAfar neAmhara, kusanganisira muTigray.

Dzvinyiriro kubva kunyika dzepasi rose (verenga: Kumadokero) nharaunda yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kuhurumende yeEthiopiya, kutaurirana nekupa - uye kwete paTPLF. Hurumende yemubatanidzwa uye PM Abiy vari kufamba tambo yakamanikana; anofanirwa kufunga nezvedunhu rake remumba uye kuratidza kuda 'kurerutsa' kunharaunda dzepasirese. Akaita izvi: hurumende yakatosunungura vatungamiriri vepamusoro vatanhatu veTPLF kutanga kwaNdira 2022, pamwe nevamwe vasungwa vane nharo. Chiitiko chakanaka, asi chakange chisina mhedzisiro - hapana kudzoreredzwa kubva kuTPLF.

Kupedzisa: munhu angashandira sei kugadzirisa?

1. Hondo yekuchamhembe kweEthiopia yakatanga seyakakomba zvematongerwo enyika gakava, umo rimwe bato, TPLF, rakanga rakagadzirira kushandisa mhirizhonga inoparadza, zvisinei nemhedzisiro. Nepo mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika ichiri kugona uye ichidikanwa, chokwadi chehondo iyi chave nesimba zvekuti chibvumirano chezvematongerwo enyika kana nhaurirano yave kunetsa… neboka revatungamiriri veTPLF (nevabatsiri vavo, OLA) vakaronga kuuraya kwakadaro uye hutsinye izvo hama dzavo, vanakomana nevanasikana vakave vabatwa. Zvamazvirokwazvo, pachava nedzvinyiriro inobva kuvanozviti vezvamatongerwe enyika vechokwadi munharaunda yenyika kuti vadaro. Asi nzira yakaoma kunzwisisa yekuyananisa uye nhaurirano inofanirwa kutangwa, paine mapato/vatambi vakasarudzwa mukukonana uku, pamwe kutanga panguva. dzikisa nhanho: masangano emasangano, vatungamiriri vezvitendero, uye vanhu vebhizinesi.
2. Kazhinji, shanduko yezvematongerwo enyika-mutemo muEthiopia inofanira kuenderera mberi, kusimbisa mubatanidzwa wedemokrasi uye kutonga kwemutemo, uye zvakare kusarerekera / kuganhurira TPLF, vakaramba izvozvo.

Maitiro edemocracy ari pasi pekumanikidzwa kubva kune ethno-nationalist radicals uye zvido zvavo, uye hurumende yaPM Abiy dzimwe nguva inotora sarudzo dzisina chokwadi kune vanorwira uye vatori venhau. Pamusoro pezvo, kuremekedzwa kwekusununguka kwevezvenhau nemitemo inosiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzematunhu muEthiopia.

3. Chirongwa che'National Dialogue' muEthiopia, chakaziviswa muna Zvita 2021, inzira imwe yekumberi (zvichida, izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa kuita chokwadi-ne-yananiso). Iyi Dialogue ichave nhandare yemasangano yekuunganidza vese vane chekuita nezvematongerwo enyika kuti vakurukure matambudziko aripo ezvematongerwo enyika.

Iyo 'National Dialogue' haisi imwe nzira yenhaurirano dzeParamende yemubatanidzwa asi ichabatsira kuvazivisa nekuita kuti zvionekwe siyana uye maonero ezvematongerwo enyika, zvichemo, vatambi, uye zvido zvavo.

Saka izvo zvinogona zvakare kureva zvinotevera: kubatana nevanhu kupfuura hurongwa huripo hwezvematongerwo enyika nevemauto, kumasangano evanhu, uye kusanganisira vatungamiriri vezvitendero nemasangano. Kutaura idi, nhaurwa yorudzidziso neyetsika nokuda kwokuporeswa kwomunzanga ingava nhano yokutanga yakajeka mberi; kukwezva kune zvakagovaniswa hunhu hwepasi izvo vazhinji veEthiopia vanogovana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

4. Kuferefetwa kwakazara kwemhosva dzehondo kubvira 3 Mbudzi 2020 kwaizodiwa, zvichitevera fomula uye maitiro eiyo EHRC-UNCHR yemubatanidzwa mishoni shumo yemusi wa3 Mbudzi 2021 (iyo inogona kuwedzerwa).
5. Hurukuro dzemuripo, kubvisirwa zvombo, kuporeswa, uye kuvaka patsva kuchafanirwa kuitwa. Kuregererwa kwevatungamiri vevapanduki hakugoneki.
6. Nharaunda yepasi rose (kunyanya, West) inewo basa mune izvi: zviri nani kumisa zvirango uye boycotts pahurumende yeEthiopian federal; uye, nekuchinja, kumanikidzawo uye kufonera TPLF kuti izvidavirire. Vanofanirawo kuramba vachipa rubatsiro rwekubatsira vanhu, kwete kushandisa hurongwa hwekodzero dzevanhu husina kujeka sechinhu chinonyanya kukosha kutonga kurwisana uku, uye kutanga zvakare kuita zvakakomba hurumende yeEthiopiya, kutsigira nekusimudzira hupfumi hwenguva refu uye humwe hukama.
7. Dambudziko guru iye zvino nderekuti tingawana sei rugare nokururamisira … Hurongwa hwekuyananisa hwakarongeka chete hunokwanisa kutanga izvi. Kana kururamisira kukasaitwa, kusagadzikana uye kurwisana nezvombo zvichamuka zvakare.