Ho Lekola Kamano lipakeng tsa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) le Lefu le Bakiloeng ke Likhohlano tsa Bolumeli ba Ethno-Nigeria
Sekhetho:
Pampiri ena e hlahloba kamano pakeng tsa Palohohle ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae (GDP) le lenane la batho ba shoeleng ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa merabe Nigeria. E ea hlahloba kamoo keketseho ea kholo ea moruo e matlafatsang likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli, ha ho fokotseha ha kholo ea moruo ho amahanngoa le ho fokotseha ha likhohlano tsa bolumeli. Ho fumana kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa likhohlano tsa bolumeli le kholo ea moruo oa Nigeria, pampiri ena e nka mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka bongata o sebelisa Correlation lipakeng tsa GDP le palo ea batho ba shoang. Lintlha tse mabapi le palo ea batho ba shoeleng li ile tsa fumanoa ho Nigeria Security Tracker ka Lekhotla la Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha; Lintlha tsa GDP li ile tsa bokelloa ka Banka ea Lefatše le Khoebo ea Economics. Lintlha tsena li ile tsa bokelloa bakeng sa lilemo tsa 2011 ho ea ho 2019. Liphetho tse fumanoeng li bontša hore likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba ethno le Nigeria li na le kamano e ntle e ntle le kholo ea moruo; kahoo, libaka tse nang le maemo a phahameng a bofutsana li atisa ho ba le likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli. Bopaki ba kamano e ntle pakeng tsa GDP le palo ea batho ba shoeleng phuputsong ena e bontša hore lipatlisiso tse ling li ka etsoa ho fumana tharollo bakeng sa liketsahalo tsena.
Kopitsa Sengoloa Sena
Tlhahiso:
Marafa, YA (2022). Ho hlahloba kamano lipakeng tsa kakaretso ea lihlahisoa tsa lehae (GDP) le palo ea batho ba shoang ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa merabe Nigeria. Journal of Living Hammoho, 7(1), 58-69.
Lintlha tsa Sengoloa:
@Sengoloa{Marafa2022}
Sehlooho = {Ho Hlahlobisisa Kamano lipakeng tsa Sehlahisoa sa Kakaretso sa Lehae (GDP) le Lefu le Bakiloeng ke Likhohlano tsa Bolumeli ba Ethno-Nigeria}
Mongoli = {Yusuf Adam Marafa}
Url = {https://icermediation.org/examining-the-relationship-between-gross-domestic-product-gdp-and-the-death-toll-resulting-from-ethno-religious-conflicts-in-nigeria/}
ISSN = {2373-6615 (Printa); 2373-6631 (Inthaneteng)}
Selemo = {2022}
Letsatsi = {2022-12-18}
Journal = {Journal of Living Hammoho}
Bolumo = {7}
Nomoro = {1}
Maqephe = {58-69}
Mohatisi = {Setsi sa Machaba sa Bobuelli ba Ethno-Bolumeli}
Aterese = {White Plains, New York}
Khatiso = {2022}.
Selelekela
Linaha tse ngata li na le likhohlano tse fapa-fapaneng, 'me tabeng ea Nigeria, likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli li kentse letsoho ho senyeng tsamaiso ea moruo ea naha. Tsoelo-pele ea moruo oa sechaba sa Nigeria e anngoe haholo ke likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli. Tahlehelo ya maphelo a batho ba se nang molato e na le seabo ho ntshetsopele e mpe ya moruo wa kahisano ka hara naha ka matsete a fokolang a tswang kantle a ka hlohlelletsang kgolo ya moruo (Genyi, 2017). Ka ho tšoanang, likarolo tse ling tsa Nigeria li bile le likhohlano tse khōlō ka lebaka la bofutsana; kahoo, ho se tsitse ha moruo ho baka pefo naheng. Naha ena e bile le maemo a makatsang ka lebaka la likhohlano tsena tsa bolumeli, tse amang khotso, botsitso le tšireletseho.
Likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba Ethno linaheng tse sa tšoaneng, tse kang Ghana, Niger, Djibouti le Côte d’Ivoire, li amme mekhoa ea tsona ea moruo oa sechaba. Liphuputso tse entsoeng ka matla li bonts'itse hore likhohlano ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa nts'etsopele ea linaha tse tsoelang pele (Iyoboyi, 2014). Kahoo, Nigeria ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse tobaneng le litaba tse matla tsa lipolotiki mabapi le likarohano tsa merabe, bolumeli le libaka. Nigeria ke e 'ngoe ea linaha tse arohaneng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng mabapi le morabe le bolumeli, 'me e na le histori e telele ea ho hloka botsitso le likhohlano tsa bolumeli. Nigeria e bile lehae la lihlopha tsa merabe e mengata ho tloha nakong ea boipuso ba eona ka 1960; merabe e ka bang 400 e lula moo hammoho le lihlopha tse 'maloa tsa bolumeli (Gamba, 2019). Batho ba bangata ba phehile khang ea hore ha likhohlano tsa merabe e fapaneng Nigeria li fokotseha, moruo oa naha o tla eketseha. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo e haufi e bontša hore liphapang ka bobeli li lekana ka ho toba. Pampiri ena e batlisisa kamano pakeng tsa maemo a moruo oa sechaba Nigeria le likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli tse fellang ka lefu la baahi ba se nang molato.
Liphetoho tse peli tse ithutoang pampiring ena e ne e le Gross Domestic Product (GDP) le Death Toll. Gross Domestic Product ke kakaretso ea chelete kapa boleng ba 'maraka ba thepa le litšebeletso tse hlahisoang ke moruo oa naha bakeng sa selemo se le seng. E sebelisoa lefatšeng ka bophara ho bontša bophelo bo botle ba moruo ba naha (Bondarenko, 2017). Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lenane la ba shoang le bolela “palo ea batho ba shoang ka lebaka la ketsahalo e kang ntoa kapa kotsi” (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). Ka hona, pampiri ena e ile ea tšohla lipalo tsa batho ba shoeleng ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba Nigeria, ha e ntse e hlahloba kamano ea eona le kholo ea moruo oa naha.
Kakaretso ea lingoliloeng
Merabe le Likhohlano tsa Bolumeli ba Sechaba Nigeria
Likhohlano tsa bolumeli tseo Nigeria e ’nileng ea tobana le tsona ho tloha ka 1960 li ntse li tsoa taolong ha palo ea batho ba shoang ba se nang molato e ntse e eketseha. Naha e na le ho se sireletsehe ho eketsehileng, bofuma bo feteletseng, le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa tlhokahalo ea mesebetsi; ka hona, naha e hole le ho fihlela katleho ea moruo (Gamba, 2019). Likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba Ethno li na le litšenyehelo tse kholo moruong oa Nigeria kaha li kenya letsoho ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, ho putlama, le ho hasana ha moruo (Çancı & Odukoya, 2016).
Boitsebahatso ba morabe ke mohloli o nang le tšusumetso e matla ka ho fetisisa oa boitsebiso Nigeria, 'me merabe e meholo ke Ma-Igbo a lulang sebakeng se ka boroa-bochabela, Mayoruba ka boroa-bophirimela, le Mahausa-Fulani ka leboea. Kabo ea merabe e mengata e na le tšusumetso ho nkeng liqeto tsa mmuso kaha lipolotiki tsa merabe li na le karolo e kholo ntlafatsong ea moruo oa naha (Gamba, 2019). Leha ho le joalo, lihlopha tsa bolumeli li baka mathata a mangata ho feta merabe. Malumeli a mabeli a maholo ke Boislamo ka leboea le Bokreste ka boroa. Genyi (2017) o ile a totobatsa hore "bohare ba boitsebahatso ba merabe le bolumeli lipolotiking le lipuisanong tsa naha Nigeria bo 'nile ba bonahala boemong bo bong le bo bong historing ea naha" (leq. 137). Ka mohlala, bahlabani ba ka leboea ba batla ho sebelisa puso ea Molimo ea Boislamo e sebelisang tlhaloso e feteletseng ea Boislamo. Kahoo, phetoho ea temo le peakanyo bocha ea puso e ka amohela tšepiso ea ho ntšetsa pele likamano tsa merabe le malumeli a fapaneng (Genyi, 2017).
Likamano pakeng tsa Likhohlano tsa Ethno-Bolumeli le Khōlo ea Moruo Nigeria
John Smith o tla hlahisa mohopolo oa "plural centric" ho utloisisa mathata a bolumeli (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Mohopolo ona o ile oa amoheloa lekholong la bo17 la lilemo, 'me JS Furnivall, setsebi sa moruo sa Borithane, o ile a o ntšetsa pele (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Kajeno, mokhoa ona o hlalosa hore sechaba se arohaneng ka ho atamelana se khetholloa ka tlhōlisano ea moruo e sa lefelloeng 'me e bontša ho haella ha likamano. Tabeng ena, bolumeli bo le bong kapa morabe o mong kamehla o jala tšabo ea ho busa. Ho na le maikutlo a fapaneng mabapi le likamano lipakeng tsa kholo ea moruo le likhohlano tsa bolumeli. Naheng ea Nigeria, ho thata ho khetholla mathata leha e le afe a morabe a sa kang a fella ka likhohlano tsa bolumeli. Khethollo ea morabe le ea bolumeli e lebisa ho bochaba, moo litho tsa sehlopha se seng le se seng sa bolumeli li lakatsang bolaoli holim'a 'mele oa lipolotiki (Genyi, 2017). E 'ngoe ea lisosa tsa likhohlano tsa bolumeli Nigeria ke ho hloka mamello ea bolumeli (Ugorji, 2017). Mamosleme a mang ha a lemohe bonnete ba Bokreste, 'me Bakreste ba bang ha ba hlokomele Boislamo e le bolumeli bo amohelehang, e leng se entseng hore ho be le bolotsana bo tsoelang pele ba sehlopha ka seng sa bolumeli (Salawu, 2010).
Ho hloka mosebetsi, pefo le ho hloka toka li hlaha ka lebaka la ho se sireletsehe ho ntseng ho eketseha ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa ethno-religious (Alegbeleye, 2014). Ka mohlala, ha leruo la lefatše le ntse le eketseha, sekhahla sa likhohlano lichabeng le sona se ntse se eketseha. Hoo e ka bang batho ba limilione tse 18.5 ba shoele pakeng tsa 1960 le 1995 ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba linaha tse tsoelang pele tsa Afrika le Asia (Iyoboyi, 2014). Mabapi le Nigeria, likhohlano tsena tsa bolumeli li senya tsoelo-pele ea moruo le ea sechaba sechabeng. Lehloeo le tsitsitseng pakeng tsa Mamosleme le Bakreste le fokolitse tlhahiso ea sechaba 'me le sitisitse kopano ea naha (Nwaomah, 2011). Mathata a moruo oa sechaba ka har’a naha a bakile likhohlano tse matla lipakeng tsa Mamosleme le Bakreste, tse kentseng mafapha ohle a moruo; hona ho bolela hore mathata a moruo oa sechaba ke sesosa sa likhohlano tsa bolumeli (Nwaomah, 2011).
Likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba Ethno le Nigeria li thibela matsete a moruo naheng eo 'me ke tse ling tsa lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa mathata a moruo (Nwaomah, 2011). Likhohlano tsena li ama moruo oa Nigeria ka ho baka ho se sireletsehe, ho se tšepane, le khethollo. Likhohlano tsa bolumeli li fokotsa monyetla oa matsete a kahare le kantle (Lenshie, 2020). Ho se sireletsehe ho eketsa ho hloka botsitso lipolotiking le ho hloka botsitso ho nyahamisang matsete a tsoang kantle ho naha; ka hona, sechaba se amohuoa tsoelopele ea moruo. Litlamorao tsa likoluoa tsa bolumeli li hasane ho pholletsa le naha mme li senya kutloano ea sechaba (Ugorji, 2017).
Likhohlano tsa Ethno-Bolumeli, Bofutsana, le Tsoelo-pele ea Sechaba le Moruo
Moruo oa Nigeria o itšetlehile haholo ka tlhahiso ea oli le khase. Liphesente tse mashome a robong tsa meputso e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Nigeria e tsoa khoebong ea oli e tala. Nigeria e bile le moruo o matla ka mor'a ntoa ea lehae, e ileng ea rarolla likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba ethno ka ho fokotsa boemo ba bofuma naheng (Lenshie, 2020). Bofutsana bo atile Nigeria ha batho ba kenella likhohlanong tsa bolumeli le bolumeli e le hore ba ka iphelisa (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Ho hloka mosebetsi ho ntse ho eketseha sechabeng, 'me keketseho ea ntlafatso ea moruo e ka thusa ho fokotsa bofuma. Ho phalla ha chelete e ngata ho ka fa baahi monyetla oa ho phela ka khotso sechabeng sa bona (Iyoboyi, 2014). Sena se tla thusa hape ho aheng likolo le lipetlele tse ka khelosang bacha ba mabifi ho ea ntlafatsong ea sechaba (Olusakin, 2006).
Ho na le khohlano ea mofuta o fapaneng sebakeng se seng le se seng sa Nigeria. Sebaka sa Delta se tobane le likhohlano ka har'a merabe ea sona mabapi le taolo ea lisebelisoa (Amiara et al., 2020). Likhohlano tsena li sokelitse botsitso ba libaka 'me li na le phello e mpe haholo ho bacha ba lulang sebakeng seo. Sebakeng se ka leboea, ho na le likhohlano tsa bolumeli le likhohlano tse fapaneng mabapi le litokelo tsa motho ka mong tsa mobu (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Karolong e ka boroa ea sebaka seo, batho ba tobane le maemo a mangata a khethollo ka lebaka la puso ea lipolotiki ea lihlopha tse 'maloa (Amiara et al., 2020). Ka hona, bofuma le matla li kenya letsoho likhohlanong libakeng tsena, 'me ntlafatso ea moruo e ka fokotsa likhohlano tsena.
Likhohlano tsa sechaba le tsa bolumeli Nigeria le tsona li bakoa ke ho hloka mosebetsi le bofutsana, tse nang le kamano e matla le ho kenya letsoho likhohlanong tsa bolumeli (Salawu, 2010). Boemo ba bofutsana bo phahame ka leboea ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa bolumeli le tsa sechaba (Ugorji, 2017; Genyi, 2017). Ho feta moo, libaka tsa mahaeng li na le merusu le bofuma bo bongata ba bolumeli, e leng se etsang hore likhoebo li fallele linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika (Etim et al., 2020). Sena se ama tlhahiso ea mesebetsi hampe ka har'a naha.
Likhohlano tsa Ethno-Bolumeli li na le liphello tse mpe ho nts'etsopele ea moruo oa Nigeria, e leng se etsang hore naha e se ke ea khahleha bakeng sa matsete. Leha e na le matamo a mangata a tlhaho, naha e ntse e putlama moruong ka lebaka la litšitiso tsa eona tsa kahare (Abdulkadir, 2011). Litšenyehelo tsa moruo tsa likhohlano Nigeria li ngata haholo ka lebaka la histori e telele ea likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli. Ho bile le phokotseho ea mekhoa ea khoebo ea merabe lipakeng tsa merabe ea bohlokoa, 'me khoebo ena ke mohloli oa boipheliso bakeng sa palo e kholo ea batho (Amiara et al., 2020). Karolo e ka leboea ea Nigeria ke eona e hlahisang linku, eie, linaoa le tamati karolong e ka boroa ea naha. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa ethno-tumelo, ho tsamaisoa ha thepa ena ho fokotsehile. Lihoai tse ka leboea le tsona li tobane le menyenyetsi ea hore li na le thepa e chefo e rekisetsoang batho ba boroa. Maemo ana kaofela a sitisa khoebo ea khotso lipakeng tsa libaka tsena tse peli (Odoh et al., 2014).
Ho na le tokoloho ea bolumeli Nigeria, ho bolelang hore ha ho na bolumeli bo ka sehloohong. Kahoo, ho ba le Mokreste kapa naha ea Boislamo ha se tokoloho ea bolumeli hobane e qobella bolumeli bo itseng. Ho aroloa ha naha le bolumeli hoa hlokahala ho fokotsa likhohlano tsa bolumeli tsa ka hare (Odoh et al., 2014). Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la khatello e matla ea Mamoseleme le Bakreste libakeng tse fapaneng tsa naha, tokoloho ea bolumeli ha ea lekana ho netefatsa khotso (Etim et al., 2020).
Nigeria e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhaho le tsa batho, 'me naha e na le merabe e fihlang ho 400 (Salawu, 2010). Leha ho le joalo, naha e tobane le sekhahla se seholo sa bofuma ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa eona tsa ka hare tsa merabe le bolumeli. Likhohlano tsena li ama bophelo ba batho ka bomong le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea moruo oa Nigeria. Likhohlano tsa Ethno-Bolumeli li ama karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea moruo, e leng se etsang hore ho se ke ha khoneha hore Nigeria e be le tsoelo-pele ea moruo ntle le ho laola likhohlano tsa sechaba le tsa bolumeli (Nwaomah, 2011). Ka mohlala, merusu ea sechaba le ea bolumeli le eona e amme bohahlauli naheng ena. Matsatsing ana, palo ea bahahlauli ba etelang Nigeria e tlase haholo ha e bapisoa le linaha tse ling tikolohong eo (Achimugu et al., 2020). Likoluoa tsena li nyahamisa bacha 'me li ba kentse pefong. Sekhahla sa ho hloka mosebetsi ha bacha se ntse se eketseha ka ho phahama ha likhohlano tsa bolumeli le bolumeli Nigeria (Odoh et al., 2014).
Bafuputsi ba fumane hore ka lebaka la moruo oa batho, o lelefalitseng sekhahla sa nts'etsopele, ho na le monyetla o fokotsehileng oa hore linaha li hlaphoheloe ho putlama ha moruo kapele (Audu et al., 2020). Leha ho le joalo, ho eketseha ha boleng ba thepa ho ka kenya letsoho eseng feela katlehong ea batho ba Nigeria, empa hape ho fokotsa likhohlano tse peli. Ho etsa liphetoho tse ntle ntlafatsong ea moruo ho ka fokotsa likhohlano ka chelete, mobu le lisebelisoa haholo (Achimugu et al., 2020).
Methodology
Tsamaiso le Mokhoa/Khopolo
Phuputso ena e sebelisitse mokhoa oa ho etsa lipatlisiso ka bongata, Bivariate Pearson Correlation. Ka ho khetheha, ho ile ha hlahlojoa kamano lipakeng tsa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) le palo ea batho ba shoeleng e bakiloeng ke likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba Nigeria. Lintlha tsa 2011 ho isa ho 2019 tsa Gross Domestic Product li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa ho Trading Economics le Banka ea Lefatše, ha lintlha tsa lipalo tsa batho ba Nigeria ba shoeleng ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa bolumeli le bolumeli li ile tsa bokelloa ho tsoa ho Nigeria Security Tracker tlasa Lekhotla la Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha. Lintlha tsa phuputso ena li bokelloa ho tsoa mehloling ea bobeli e tšepahalang e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara. Ho fumana kamano lipakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli ea phuputso ena, ho ile ha sebelisoa sesebelisoa sa tlhahlobo ea lipalo sa SPSS.
Bivariate Pearson Correlation e hlahisa mohlala oa coefficient oa khokahano, r, e lekanyang matla le tataiso ea likamano tse nang le mela pakeng tsa lipara tsa mefuta e sa khaotseng (Kent State, 2020). Sena se bolela hore pampiring ena Bivariate Pearson Correlation e thusitse ho lekola bopaki ba lipalo-palo bakeng sa kamano ea mola pakeng tsa lipara tse tšoanang tsa mefuta-futa ea baahi, e leng Paloho ea Palo ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae (GDP) le Lefu la Lefu. Ka hona, ho fumana tlhahlobo ea bohlokoa ba mehatla e 'meli, khopolo-taba e se nang thuso ( null hypothesis )H0) le menahano e meng (H1) ea teko ea bohlokoa bakeng sa Correlation li hlahisoa e le menahano e latelang, moo ρ ke coefficient ea palo ea batho:
- H0: ρ= 0 e bonts'a hore coefficient ea khokahano (Palo ea Palo ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae le Lefu) ke 0; ho bolelang hore haho mokgatlo.
- H1: ρ≠ 0 e bonts'a hore coefficient ea ho hokahanya (Palo ea Palo ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae le Lefu) ha se 0; ho bolelang hore ho na le kopano.
Lintlha
Letlapa la 1: Mehloli ea lintlha tse tsoang ho Trading Economics/World Bank (Gross Domestic Product); Nigeria Security Tracker tlas'a Lekhotla la Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha (Lefu).
Setšoantšo sa 1. Lenane la Mafu a Ethno-Bolumeli ke Linaha Nigeria ho tloha 2011 ho isa 2019.
Setšoantšo sa 2. Lenane la Mafu a Ethno-Bolumeli ka Libaka tsa Geopolitical Nigeria ho tloha 2011 ho isa 2019.
Results
Liphetho tsa khokahano li khothalelitse kamano e ntle lipakeng tsa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) le palo ea batho ba shoang (APA: r(9) = 0.766, leq <.05). Sena se bolela hore mefuta e 'meli e lekana ka ho toba; leha ho le joalo, keketseho ea baahi e ka ba le tšusumetso ka tsela e 'ngoe kapa e' ngoe. Ka hona, ha Sehlahisoa sa Palo ea Naha sa Nigeria (GDP) se ntse se eketseha, palo ea batho ba shoang ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa bolumeli ba ethno e boetse e eketseha (Sheba Letlapa la 3). Lintlha tse fapaneng li ile tsa bokelloa bakeng sa lilemo tsa 2011 ho isa ho 2019.
Letlapa la 2: Sena se fana ka kakaretso ea kakaretso ea lintlha, e kenyeletsang palo eohle ea ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe / mefuta-futa, le ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng le ho tloaelehileng ha Palo ea Kakaretso ea Lehae ea Nigeria (GDP) le palo ea batho ba shoeleng bakeng sa palo ea lilemo tse sebelisitsoeng thutong.
Lethathamo la 3. Kamano e teng lipakeng tsa Palohohle ea Sehlahisoa sa Naha (GDP) le Lenane la Mafu (APA: r(9) = 0.766, leq <.05).
Tsena ke liphetho tsa 'nete tsa khokahano. Sehlahisoa sa Palo ea Lehae sa Nigeria (GDP) le lintlha tsa Lekhetho la Lefu li baloa le ho hlahlobisisoa ho sebelisoa software ea lipalo ea SPSS. Liphetho li ka hlalosoa e le:
- Khokahano ea Paloho ea Sehlahisoa sa Naha (GDP) le eona ka bo eona (r=1), le palo ea litebello tse sa foseng bakeng sa GDP (n=9).
- Khokahano ea GDP le Palo ea Lefu (r=0.766), e ipapisitse le litebello tsa n=9 tse nang le boleng bo sa feteng ka bobeli.
- Khokahano ea Palo ea Lefu le eona (r=1), le palo ea litebello tse sa foseng tsa boima ba 'mele (n=9).
Chate ea 1. Chate ea scatterplot e bontša kamano e ntle pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) le Lefu la Lefu. Mehala e entsoeng ho tsoa ho data e na le moepa o motle. Ka hona, ho na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa GDP le Lekhetho la Lefu.
Puisano
Ho latela liphetho tsena, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore:
- Palo ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae (GDP) le Lefu la Lefu li na le kamano ea bohlokoa ea lipalo (p <.05).
- Tataiso ea kamano e ntle, ho bolelang hore Paloho ea Sehlahisoa sa Naha (GDP) le Lenane la Lefu li amana hantle. Tabeng ena, mefuta ena e atisa ho eketseha hammoho (ke hore, GDP e kholo e amahanngoa le Palo e kholo ea Lefu).
- R squared ea mokhatlo e batla e itekanetse (.3 < | r | <.5).
Phuputso ena e ile ea batlisisa kamano e teng lipakeng tsa kholo ea moruo joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke Palo-kakaretso ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae (GDP) le likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli, tse ileng tsa fella ka ho shoa ha batho ba se nang molato. Kakaretso ea Sehlahisoa sa Palo ea Naha ea Nigeria (GDP) ho tloha 2011 ho isa 2019 ke $4,035,000,000,000,' me palo ea batho ba shoeleng ho tsoa literekeng tse 36 le Federal Capital Territory (FCT) ke 63,771. Ho fapana le maikutlo a pele a mofuputsi, e leng hore ha Palohohle ea Sehlahisoa sa Lehae (GDP) e nyoloha palo ea batho ba shoang e tla fokotseha (ka tsela e fapaneng), phuputso ena e bontšitse hore ho na le kamano e ntle pakeng tsa mabaka a moruo oa sechaba le palo ea batho ba shoang. Sena se bontšitse hore ha Palohohle ea Sehlahisoa sa Naha (GDP) e ntse e eketseha, lenane la ba shoang le lona le eketseha (Chate 2).
Chate ea 2: Setšoantšo sa setšoantšo sa kamano e lekanang ka ho toba pakeng tsa Palo ea Palo ea Kakaretso ea Lehae (GDP) le palo ea batho ba shoeleng Nigeria ho tloha 2011 ho ea ho 2019. Mohala o moputsoa o emela Palo ea Kakaretso ea Lehae (GDP), 'me mohala oa lamunu o emela palo ea batho ba shoeleng. Ho tloha ho kerafo, mofuputsi a ka bona ho phahama le ho oa ha mefuta e 'meli ha e ntse e tsamaea ka nako e le' ngoe ka tsela e le 'ngoe. Sena se bonts'a Khokahano e ntle joalo ka ha ho boletsoe ho Lethathamo la 3.
Chate e entsoe ke Frank Swiontek.
Likhothaletso, Phello, Qetello
Phuputso ena e bontša kamano pakeng tsa likhohlano tsa ethno-bolumeli le tsoelo-pele ea moruo Nigeria, joalokaha ho tšehetsoa ke lingoliloeng. Haeba naha e eketsa tsoelo-pele ea moruo le ho leka-lekanya tekanyetso ea selemo le lisebelisoa har'a libaka, monyetla oa ho fokotsa likhohlano tsa ethno-bolumeli o ka ba o phahameng. Haeba ’muso o ne o ka matlafatsa maano a oona ’me o laola lihlopha tsa merabe le bolumeli, joale likhohlano tsa ka hare li ne li ka laoloa. Ho hlokahala liphetoho tsa maano ho laola litaba tsa merabe le bolumeli ba naha, ’me ’muso maemong ’ohle o lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore liphetoho tsena lia kenngoa tšebetsong. Bolumeli ha boa lokela ho sebelisoa hampe, ’me baeta-pele ba bolumeli ba lokela ho ruta sechaba ho amohelana. Bacha ha baa lokela ho kenella pefong e hlahang ka lebaka la likhohlano tsa merabe le bolumeli. Motho e mong le e mong o lokela ho fumana monyetla oa ho ba karolo ea mekhatlo ea lipolotiki ea naha, 'me mmuso ha oa lokela ho aba lisebelisoa ho latela merabe e ratoang. Mananeo a thuto le ona a lokela ho fetoloa, 'me mmuso o kenyeletse taba e mabapi le boikarabello ba sechaba. Baithuti ba lokela ho hlokomela pefo le moelelo oa eona ntlafatsong ea moruo oa sechaba. 'Muso o lokela ho khona ho hohela bo-ramatsete ba bangata ka har'a naha hore e tle e tsebe ho hlola mathata a moruo oa naha.
Haeba Nigeria e fokotsa mathata a moruo, ho tla ba le menyetla e mengata ea ho fokotsa likhohlano tsa ethno-tumelo. Ho utloisisa liphello tsa thuto, e bontšang hore ho na le kamano pakeng tsa likhohlano tsa ethno-bolumeli le kholo ea moruo, lithuto tsa nakong e tlang li ka etsoa bakeng sa litlhahiso mabapi le litsela tsa ho finyella khotso le tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng Nigeria.
Lisosa tse ka sehloohong tsa likhohlano e bile tsa merabe le bolumeli, ’me likhohlano tse khōlō tsa bolumeli Nigeria li amme bophelo ba sechaba, moruo le lipolotiki. Likhohlano tsena li sentse kutloano ea sechaba lichabeng tsa Nigeria ’me tsa etsa hore e hloke moruo. Pefo e bakoang ke merusu ea merabe le likhohlano tsa bolumeli e sentse khotso, nala le tsoelo-pele ea moruo Nigeria.
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