Tumelo ea Abrahama le Universalism: Batšoantšisi ba Thehiloeng Tumelong Lefatšeng le Ratang
Tumelo ea Abrahama
Puo ea Sehlooho Sebokeng sa Selemo le Selemo sa Machaba sa 2016 sa Tharollo ea Likhohlano tsa Merabe le Bolumeli le Kaho ea Khotso.
Sehlooho: “Molimo o le Mong Litumelong tse Tharo: Ho Fuputsa Melao-motheo e Kopanetsoeng Litloaelong tsa Bolumeli ba Abrahama—Bojuda, Bokreste le Boislamo”
Kopano ea Lipotso le Likarabo le Litsebi: Lawrence H. Schiffman, Ph.D., Moahloli Abraham Lieberman Moprofesa oa Lithuto tsa Seheberu le Sejuda le Mookameli oa Global network for Advanced Research in Jewish Studies Univesithing ea New York. Thomas Walsh, Ph.D., Mopresidente oa Universal Peace Federation International le Mongoli Kakaretso oa Sunhak Peace Prize Foundation. Aisha HL al-Adawiya, Mothehi, Basali ba Boislamo, Inc. Matthew Hodes, Mookameli oa Mokhatlo oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Tsoelo-pele. Kopanong ea Selemo le Selemo ea 2016 ea Machaba ea Tharollo ea Likhohlano tsa Merabe le Bolumeli le Kaho ea Khotso. Sehlooho: “Molimo o le Mong Litumelong tse Tharo: Ho Fuputsa Maemo a Arolelanoang Litsong tsa Bolumeli ba Abrahama—Bojuda, Bokreste le Boislamo”. Mohlophisi: Setsi sa Machaba sa Phatlalatso ea Ethno-Religious.
Puo e hlomphehang e fanoeng ka October 31, 2018 Sebokeng sa 5th sa Selemo le Selemo sa Machaba sa Tharollo ea Likhohlano tsa Merabe le Bolumeli le Kaho ea Khotso e neng e tšoaretsoe ke Setsi sa Machaba sa Phatlalatso ea Bolumeli Queens College, City University of New York, ka kopanelo le Setsi sa Merabe, Kutloisiso ea Morabe le Bolumeli (CERRU).
Selelekela
Ke batla ho leboha ICERM le Mopresidente oa eona, Basil Ugorji, ka ho 'memela sebokeng sena sa bohlokoa le ho mpha monyetla oa ho arolelana mantsoe a seng makae ka sehlooho sena sa bohlokoa, "Molimo o le Mong Litumelong tse Tharo: Ho Hlahlobisisa Melao-motheo e Kopanetsoeng Litloaelong tsa Bolumeli ba Abrahama. ”
Sehlooho sa tlhahiso ea ka kajeno ke "Litumelo tsa Abrahama le Universalism: Batšoantšisi ba Thehiloeng Tumelong Lefatšeng le Ratang."
Ke batla ho tsepamisa maikutlo lintlheng tse tharo, kamoo nako e lumellang kateng: pele, motheo o tloaelehileng kapa oa bokahohle le litekanyetso tse arolelanoang har'a meetlo e meraro; ea bobeli, “lehlakore le lefifi” la bolumeli le lineano tsena tse tharo; 'me ea boraro, tse ling tsa mekhoa e metle e lokelang ho khothaletsoa le ho atolosoa.
Maemo a Tloaelehileng: Melao-motheo ea Bokahohle e Abelanoang ke Litloaelo tsa Bolumeli ba Abrahama
Ka litsela tse ngata pale ea lineano tse tharo ke karolo ea pale e le 'ngoe. Ka linako tse ling re bitsa Sejuda, Bokreste le Boislamo meetlo ea "Abrahama" hobane nalane ea bona e ka saloa morao ho tloha ho Abrahama, ntate (le Hagare) oa Ishmaele, eo leloko la hae le hlahang Mohammed, le ntat'a Isaka (le Sara) eo ho tsoa lelokong la hae, ka Jakobo. , Jesu oa hlaha.
Tlaleho ke pale ea lelapa ka litsela tse ngata, le likamano pakeng tsa litho tsa lelapa.
Mabapi le litekanyetso tse arolelanoang, re bona lintho tse lumellanang likarolong tsa thuto ea bolumeli kapa thuto, melao ea boitšoaro, litemana tse halalelang le mekhoa ea meetlo. Ke ’nete hore ho boetse ho na le phapang e khōlō.
Theology kapa Thuto: monotheism, Molimo oa tlhokomelo (ea tšoarehileng le ea mafolofolo historing), boprofeta, pōpo, ho oa, mesia, soteriology, tumelo ea bophelo ka mor'a lefu, kahlolo ea ho qetela. Ha e le hantle, sebakeng se seng le se seng seo le lumellanang ka sona ho na le likhohlano le liphapang.
Ho na le libaka tse peli tse lumellanang, joalo ka tlhompho e phahameng eo Mamoseleme le Bakreste ba nang le eona ho Jesu le Maria. Kapa tumelo e matla ea Molimo o le mong e khethollang Bojuda le Boislamo, ho fapana le thuto ea bolumeli ea Boraro-bo-bong ea Bokreste.
Ethics: Litloaelo tsena tse tharo li ikemiselitse ho latela litekanyetso tsa toka, tekano, mohau, bophelo bo botle, lenyalo le lelapa, ho hlokomela mafutsana le ba futsanehileng, ho sebeletsa ba bang, ho itšoara, ho kenya letsoho mohahong kapa sechabeng se setle, Molao oa Khauta, botsamaisi ba tikoloho.
Ho elelloa ho lumellana ha melao-motheo ea boitšoaro har’a lineano tse tharo tsa Abrahama ho hlahisitse boipiletso ba hore ho thehoe “mekhoa ea boitšoaro ea lefatše lohle.” Hans Kung e bile ’muelli ea ka sehloohong oa boiteko bona ’me bo ile ba totobatsoa Palamenteng ea 1993 ea Malumeli a Lefatše le libakeng tse ling.
Litemana tse Halalelang: Litlaleho tsa Adama, Eva, Kaine, Abele, Noe, Abrahama, Moshe li hlahella haholo lineanong tsena tse tharo. Litemana tsa motheo tsa neano ka 'ngoe li talingoa li halalela 'me li senotsoe ke Molimo kapa li bululetsoe.
lineano: Bajuda, Bakreste le Mamosleme ba buella thapelo, ho bala mangolo, ho itima lijo, ho nka karolo lihopotsong tsa matsatsi a halalelang almanakeng, mekete e amanang le tsoalo, lefu, lenyalo le lilemo, ho behella ka thōko letsatsi le khethehileng bakeng sa thapelo le ho bokana, libaka. ea thapelo le khumamelo (kereke, synagoge, mosque)
Litekanyetso tse arolelanoang, leha ho le joalo, ha li bolele pale eohle ea lineano tsena tse tharo, hobane ka sebele ho na le liphapang tse kholo likarolong tsohle tse tharo tse boletsoeng; thuto ea bolumeli, melao ea boitšoaro, litemana le meetlo. Har'a tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke:
- Jesu: meetlo e meraro e fapana haholo ho latela pono ea bohlokoa, boemo, le semelo sa Jesu.
- Mohammed: meetlo e meraro e fapana haholo ho latela pono ea bohlokoa ba Mohammed.
- Litemana tse Halalelang: litloaelo tse tharo li fapane haholo ho latela maikutlo a tsona mabapi le litemana tse halalelang tsa e mong le e mong. Ha e le hantle, ho na le litemana tse batlang li tšoenya tse ka fumanoang ho e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe ea litemana tsena tse halalelang.
- Jerusalema le “Naha e Halalelang”: sebaka sa Temple Mount kapa Western Wall, Al Aqsa Mosque le Dome of the Rock, haufi le libaka tse halalelang ka ho fetisisa tsa Bokreste, ho na le phapang e tebileng.
Ho phaella liphapang tsena tsa bohlokoa, re tlameha ho eketsa lera le leng la ho rarahana. Ho sa tsotellehe boipelaetso bo fapaneng, ho na le likarohano tse tebileng tsa ka hare le ho se lumellane ka har'a e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea meetlo ena e meholo. Ho bua ka likarohano tse teng ka har'a Bolumeli ba Sejuda (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, Reconstructionist), Bokreste (Bok'hatholike, Orthodox, Boprostanta), le Boislamo (Sunni, Shia, Sufi) ke mengoallo feela.
Ka linako tse ling, ho bonolo ho Bakreste ba bang ho fumana lintho tse tšoanang le tsa Mamosleme ho feta le Bakreste ba bang. Ho ka boleloa se tšoanang bakeng sa moetlo o mong le o mong. Ke balile haufinyane (Jerry Brotton, Elizabethan England le Lefatše la Boislamo) hore nakong ea Elizabethan Engelane (16th lekholong la lilemo la lilemo), ho bile le boiteko ba ho aha likamano tse matla le Maturkey, joalo ka ha ho ne ho khethoa Mak'hatholike a nyonyehang k'honthinenteng eo. Kahoo litšoantšiso tse ngata li ne li bontša "Moors" ho tsoa Afrika Leboea, Persia, Turkey. Lehloeo le neng le le pakeng tsa Mak’hatholike le Maprostanta ka nako eo, le ile la etsa hore Boislamo e be motsoalle ea amohelehang.
Lehlakore le Lefifi la Bolumeli
Ho se ho tloaelehile ho bua ka “lehlakore le lefifi” la bolumeli. Le hoja, ka lehlakoreng le leng, bolumeli bo na le matsoho a litšila ha ho tluoa likhohlanong tse ngata tseo re li fumanang lefatšeng ka bophara, ke ho sa utloahaleng ho bolela hore karolo ea bolumeli e ameha haholo.
Bolumeli, ka mor'a tsohle, ho ea ka pono ea ka, bo botle haholo ka tlatsetso ea bona ntlafatsong ea batho le sechabeng. Esita le ba latolang boteng ba Molimo ba tšehetsang likhopolo tsa ho rata lintho tse bonahalang tsa ho iphetola ha batho ba lumela karolo e ntle ea bolumeli khōlong ea batho, ho pholoha.
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mafu a amanang le bolumeli khafetsa, joalo ka ha re fumana mafu a amanang le likarolo tse ling tsa mokhatlo oa batho, joalo ka mmuso, khoebo, le hoo e batlang e le mafapha 'ohle. Ho ea ka 'na, li-pathologies ha li khetholle ka ho khetheha, empa ke litšokelo tsa bokahohle.
Mona ke tse ling tsa li-pathologies tse kholo ka ho fetisisa:
- Ethnocentrism e ntlafalitse bolumeling.
- Puso ea bo-imperiya kapa tlhōlo
- Boikhohomoso ba Hermeneutic
- Khatello ea "e 'ngoe", "ho se tiise ba bang."
- Ho hloka tsebo ka meetlo ea hau le ea meetlo e meng (Islamophobia, "Protocols of the Elders of Zion", joalo-joalo)
- "Teleological suspension of the ethical"
- "Khohlano ea tsoelo-pele" ke la Huntington
Ho Hlokahala Eng?
Ho na le lintlafatso tse ngata tse ntle tse etsahalang lefatšeng ka bophara.
Mokhatlo oa ho kopanya litumelo o 'nile oa tsoela pele ho hōla le ho atleha. Ho tloha ka 1893 Chicago ho bile le kholo e tsitsitseng ea lipuisano tsa malumeli.
Mekhatlo e kang Paramente, Bolumeli ba Khotso, le UPF, hammoho le mehato ea malumeli le mebuso ea ho tšehetsa likamano tsa malumeli, mohlala, KAICIID, Amman Interfaith Message, mosebetsi oa WCC, PCID ea Vatican, le United Nations the UNAOC, World Interfaith Harmony Week, le Inter-Agency Task Force on FBOs le SDGs; ICRD (Johnston), Cordoba Initiative (Faisal Adbul Rauf), workshop ea CFR ka "Bolumeli le Leano la Kantle ho Naha". Mme ehlile ICERM le The InterChurch Group, jj.
Ke batla ho bua ka mosebetsi oa Jonathan Haidt, le buka ea hae “The Righteous Mind.” Haidt e supa litekanyetso tse itseng tsa mantlha tseo batho bohle ba li arolelanang:
Kotsi/tlhokomelo
Ho loka/ho fana
Botšepehi ka har'a sehlopha
Bolaodi/ hlompho
Bohloeki/ bohloeki
Re hokahane le ho theha merabe, joalo ka lihlopha tse sebelisanang. Re na le mohala oa ho kopana ho pota-pota lihlopha le ho arohana kapa ho arohana le lihlopha tse ling.
Na re ka fumana ho leka-lekana?
Re phela nakong eo ka eona re tobanang le litšokelo tse kholo tse tsoang ho phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ho senyeha ha marang-rang a motlakase, le ho nyenyefatsa mekhatlo ea lichelete, ho tšosoa ke maniac ea nang le monyetla oa ho fumana libetsa tsa lik'hemik'hale, tsa likokoana-hloko kapa tsa nyutlelie.
Qetellong, ke batla ho bolela "mekhoa e metle" e 'meli e lokelang ho etsisoa: The Amman Intefaith Message, le Nostra Aetate e ileng ea hlahisoa ka October 28, 1965, "Nakong ea Rōna" ke Paul VI e le "phatlalatso ea kereke kamanong le malumeli ao e seng a Bokreste.”
Mabapi le likamano tsa Bokreste tsa Mamosleme: “kaha ho theosa le makholo a lilemo ho ’nile ha hlaha liqabang le bora tse seng kae pakeng tsa Bakreste le Mamosleme, sinoto ena e halalelang e khothalletsa bohle hore ba lebale nako e fetileng ’me ba sebetse ka tieo bakeng sa kutloisiso e tšoanang le ho boloka hammoho le ho ntšetsa pele hammoho. molemong oa batho bohle toka ea sechaba le boiketlo ba boitšoaro, hammoho le khotso le tokoloho…” “puisano ea bara ba motho”
“RCC ha e hane letho la ’nete le le halalelang malumeling ana”…..”hangata e bonahatsa lehlaseli la ’nete le khantšang batho bohle.” Hape PCID, le Letsatsi la Lefatše la Thapelo la Assisi la 1986.
Rabi David Rosen o e bitsa “kamohelo ea baeti ea thuto ea bolumeli” e ka fetolang “kamano e chefo haholo.”
Amman Interfaith Message e qotsa Quran e Halalelang 49:13. “Batho, Re le bōpile kaofela ho tsoa ho monna a le mong le ho mosali a le mong, ’me ra le etsa merabe le merabe hore le tsebane. Mahlong a Allah, ba hlomphuoang ka ho fetisisa har’a lōna ke ba mo elelloang ka ho fetisisa: Allah U tseba tsohle, ’me o tseba tsohle.”
La Convivencia Spain le 11th 'me 12th makholo a lilemo "Golden Age" ea Mamello Corodoba, WIHW ho UN.
Tloaelo ea makhabane a thuto ea bolumeli: ho itaea, boikokobetso, lerato, tšoarelo, lerato.
Ho hlompha bomoea ba "hybrid".
Kena ka "thuto ea bolumeli" ho theha puisano mabapi le hore na tumelo ea hau e talima litumelo tse ling joang: litseko tsa bona tsa 'nete, lipolelo tsa bona tsa poloko, joalo-joalo.
Hermenutic humility re litemana tse.
sehlomathiso
Pale ea sehlabelo sa Abrahama sa mora oa hae Thabeng ea Moria (Genese 22) e na le karolo ea bohlokoa moetlong o mong le o mong oa tumelo ea Abrahama. Ke pale e tloaelehileng, leha ho le joalo e buuoang ka tsela e fapaneng ke Mamosleme ho feta Bajuda le Bakreste.
Sehlabelo sa ba se nang molato sea tšoenya. Na Molimo o ne a leka Abrahama? Na e ne e le teko e ntle? Na Molimo o ne a leka ho felisa mahlabelo a mali? Na e ne e le selelekela sa lefu la Jesu sefapanong, kapa na Jesu ha a ka a shoa sefapanong ka ho feletseng.
A Modimo o ne a tsosa Isake mo baswing, fela jaaka a ne a tla tsosa Jesu?
Na e ne e le Isaka kapa Ishmaele? (Surah 37)
Kierkegaard o buile ka "ho emisoa ha teleological ea boitšoaro." Na “lithoko tsa bomolimo” li lokela ho mameloa?
Benjamin Nelson o ngotse buka ea bohlokoa ka 1950, lilemong tse fetileng e nang le sehlooho se reng, Khopolo ea Tšebeliso ea Lichelete: Ho tloha ho Bara ba Motho ho ea ho Universal Otherhood. Boithuto bona bo sheba melao ea boitšoaro ea ho hloka tsoala pusetsong ea mekoloto, e leng ntho e thibetsoeng ho Deuteronoma har'a litho tsa morabe, empa e lumelletsoe likamanong le ba bang, e leng thibelo e ileng ea fetisoa ho pholletsa le boholo ba nalane ea Bokreste ea pele le ea mehleng e bohareng, ho fihlela nakong ea Phetohelo. thibelo e ile ea phetholoa, ho latela Nelson mabapi le khopolo ea bokahohleng, eo ka eona nako e telele batho ba amanang lefatšeng ka bophara e le “ba bang.”
Karl Polanyi, ho The Great Transformation, o buile ka phetoho e tsotehang ho tloha mekhatlong ea setso ho ea sechabeng se laoloang ke moruo oa 'maraka.
Ho tloha ha ho hlaha "mehleng ea kajeno" litsebi tse ngata tsa kahisano li 'nile tsa batla ho utloisisa phetoho ho tloha moetlong ho ea sechabeng sa kajeno, ho tloha ho seo Tonnies a se bitsitseng Sechaba ho GesellschaftSechaba le Sechaba), kapa Maine e hlalosoang e le mekhatlo ea maemo a fetohang ho ea ho mekhatlo ea likonteraka (Molao oa boholo-holo).
Litumelo tsa Abrahama e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tsona ke ea sejoale-joale ho latela tšimoloho ea tsona. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e ile ea tlameha ho fumana tsela ea eona, ka tsela ea tšoantšetso, ha ho buisanoa ka kamano ea eona le sejoale-joale, mehla e khetholloang ke taolo ea tsamaiso ea naha ea naha le moruo oa mebaraka, ho isa bohōleng bo itseng moruo o laoloang oa mebaraka le ho phahama kapa maikutlo a lefatše a etsang hore batho ba be le seabo. bolumeli.
E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tlameha ho sebetsa ho leka-lekanya kapa ho thibela matla a eona a lefifi. Bakeng sa Bokreste le Boislamo ho ka 'na ha e-ba le tšekamelo ea tlhōlo kapa ea imperialism, ka lehlakoreng le leng, kapa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea motheo kapa ea ho fetelletsa lintho, ka lehlakoreng le leng.
Leha moetlo o mong le o mong o batla ho theha sebaka sa bonngoe le sechaba har'a batšehetsi, taelo ena e ka oela habonolo ho khethollo ho bao e seng litho le/kapa ba sa sokoloheng kapa ho amohela pono ea lefatše.
LITUMELO TSENA LI ARABELLA ENG: MOTHO OA TLOAELEHANG
- Theism, ka sebele monotheism.
- Thuto ea ho oa, le Theodicy
- Khopolo ea Topollo, Topollo
- Lengolo le Halalelang
- Hermeneutics
- Motso o Tloaelehileng oa Histori, Adama le Eva, Kaine Abele, Noe, Baprofeta, Moshe, Jesu
- Molimo ea Amehang Historing, PROVIDENCE
- Sebaka sa Sebaka sa Tšimoloho
- Leloko la Leloko: Isaka, Ishmaele le Jesu ba tsoa lelokong la Abrahama
- Ethics
MATLATSA
- bokhabane
- Thibelo le Taeo
- Lelapa le Matla
- ho hlokahala boikokobetso
- Molao oa Khauta
- Boetapele
- Tlhompho ea Bokahohle ho Bohle
- toka ea
- 'Nete
- Love
LEFIFI LEFIHLA
- Lintoa tsa Bolumeli, ka hare le lipakeng
- Puso ea Bobolu
- Boikakaso
- Triumphalism
- Ethno-centrism e nang le tsebo ea bolumeli
- "Ntoa e Halalelang" kapa lithuto tsa bolumeli tsa Jihad
- Khatello ea "ba bang ba sa tiisetseng"
- Khalello kapa kotlo ea batho ba fokolang
- Ho hloka tsebo ho tse ling: Baholo ba Sione, Islamophobia, joalo-joalo.
- thoe pefo
- Ethno-religious-nationalism e ntseng e hola
- "Metanarratives"
- Ho se lekanngoe
