Unxibelelwano, iNkcubeko, iModeli yoMbutho kunye neSitayile: Uphononongo lwe-Walmart
Abstract
Injongo yeli phepha kukuhlola nokucacisa inkcubeko yentlangano - iingcamango ezisisiseko, imilinganiselo ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nenkqubo yeenkolelo - ezikhokela ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi baseWalmart kunye nokulawula indlela abazibona ngayo ngaphakathi kwintlangano, banxibelelana omnye nomnye, kunye nokusebenzisana nabathengi babo kunye nehlabathi langaphandle. Ngokuqondwa kwenkcubeko yombutho kaWalmart, eli phepha likwafuna ukuqaqambisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo okanye izimbo zonxibelelwano ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kulo mbutho, ulwakhiwo lombutho oluphembelela indlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo ngolawulo lwawo kwaye limisela ukusasazwa kwemisebenzi okanye iindima ngaphakathi kombutho. umbutho, kwaye ekugqibeleni umanyano olwahlukileyo okanye umanyano oluye lwavela ngenxa yeendlela zonxibelelwano kunye namandla okutshintsha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweWalmart.
Inkcubeko yoMbutho
Inkcubeko yombutho kaWalmart kukholelwa ukuba ivele kwingcinga esisiseko yokuba "umthengisi unokunceda abantu bonge imali kwaye baphile ngcono" (bona Ukusebenza eWalmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart). Lo mbono wokuphucula iimeko zokuhlala zabemi basekhaya ngokubonelela ngamava enkonzo yomthengi eyodwa eyenzelwe ukubonelela abathengi ngeentlobo ngeentlobo zeempahla kunye neenkonzo ezifikelelekayo nezinomtsalane, ezikhokelela ekudalweni kwendlela yokuvuselela uqoqosho ngokusebenzisa. imveliso, amathuba engqesho kunye nokuthengisa, zenza isiseko apho inkuthazo ephambili kaSam Walton, umseki weWalmart, isekelwe kuyo. USam Walton, ngobunkokeli bakhe kunye nembono yehlabathi - amava akhe obuqu ehlabathi - waqala iWalmart inkcubeko yequmrhu, kwaye "wayenempembelelo ekubunjweni kokuziphatha kunye nemilinganiselo yabanye {...}, ukudala iimeko zokwakheka kwenkcubeko entsha" (Schein, 2010, p. 3).
Ngokwale mbono, kuyavakala kwaye kuyavakala ukuxoxa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kobunkokheli nenkcubeko phakathi kwesi simo sombutho. "Into esiyibiza ngokuba yinkcubeko kwiinkqubo ezinjalo," ngokutsho kwe-Schein (2010), "idla ngokuba sisiphumo sokubethelela into eyenziwa ngumsunguli okanye inkokeli kwiqela eliye lasebenza. Ngale ndlela, inkcubeko ekugqibeleni iyadalwa, imiliselwe, yavela, kwaye ekugqibeleni ilawulwa ziinkokeli” (iphe. 3) ukuphembelela ubunkokeli kunye nokusebenza kwabasebenzi ngaphakathi kumbutho. Inkcubeko yombutho eWalmart, kanye njengokuba injalo kuwo nawuphi na omnye umbutho weshishini onembali efanayo kunye neengcinga ezisisiseko, inokuqondwa ngokwengcaciso kaSchein's (2010) yenkcubeko yeqela ebandakanya “ipateni yeengqikelelo ezisisiseko ekwabelwana ngazo ezifundwe ngu iqela njengoko lizisombulula iingxaki zalo zohlengahlengiso lwangaphandle kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi, okuye kwasebenza kakuhle ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuthathwe njengokufanelekileyo kwaye, ngoko ke, ukufundiswa kumalungu amatsha njengendlela echanekileyo yokuqonda, ukucinga, nokuvakalelwa ngokumalunga nezo ngxaki " (iphe. 18).
Uhlalutyo lolwazi olukhoyo lwe-archival eWalmart lucebisa ukuba abaphathi abatsha beWalmart kunye namahlakani abo bantywiliselwa kumsinga wobomi, ingcinga esisiseko yokuba "umthengisi unokunceda abantu bonge imali kwaye baphile ngcono." Le nkolelo isisiseko ikhokela kwaye yazisa izenzo zabo, indlela yokuziphatha, ubudlelwane, kunye nezimo zengqondo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kombutho. Nangona kunjalo, ukubamba intelekelelo enjalo kukodwa akwenzi a inkcubeko yequmrhu. Kukho enye into efunekayo – oko kukuthi, indlela yokuzisa iingcinga ezinqwenelekayo kwimpumelelo okanye ngokwenyani. Inkcubeko yombutho eWalmart ke ngoko inokuqondwa ngokwembono “yepraksis” egxininisa isenzo esamkelweyo. Le ngcaciso ijongwa kakuhle yingcaciso kaWalmart yenkcubeko: “Inkcubeko yethu yindlela esisebenzisana ngayo ukuze siphumeze loo njongo [injongo apha ibhekisela ekuncedeni abantu bonge imali baze baphile bhetele].” (Bona Ukusebenza eWalmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart). Ukufezekisa iphupha layo ngendlela esebenzisanayo, i-Walmart yamkela iinqobo ezine ezisisiseko ezithi, xa zidityanisiwe, zenze oko kunokuchazwa njengenkcubeko yomsebenzi wombutho eWalmart. Ezi nqobo zisemgangathweni zezi: “inkonzo kubathengi, intlonipho yomntu ngamnye, ukuzabalazela ukugqwesa, kunye nokusebenza ngemfezeko” (Jonga. Ukusebenza eWalmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart).
Kule theyibhile ingezantsi, iinzame ziyenziwa ukushwankathela inkcubeko yomsebenzi wombutho eWalmart, ithiyori yotshintsho ephantsi kwecandelo ngalinye lenkcubeko yentlangano yeWalmart, kunye neenkcazo okanye izinto eziqulunqayo nganye yenkcubeko yombutho.
| Inkcubeko yomsebenzi eWalmart | Inkonzo kubathengi | Intlonipho ngoMntu ngamnye | Ukuzabalazela ukuGqwesa | Ukwenza ngokunyaniseka |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ithiyori yoTshintsho (ukuba…, ngoko) | Ukuba iWalmart yasekwa ngenxa yabathengi, ke abasebenzi beWalmart - abaphathi kunye nabalingane - kufuneka bazame imihla ngemihla ukwanelisa abathengi. | Ukuba iWalmart ifuna ukwenza abasebenzi bayo basebenze kunye ukuzalisekisa injongo yayo: "ukunceda abantu bonge imali kwaye baphile ngcono," ke abasebenzi bakaWalmart, abathengi kunye namalungu oluntu kufuneka bahlonitshwe. | Ukuba iWalmart ifuna ukuphumelela, ngoko iWalmart kufuneka ihlale iphucula imodeli yayo yeshishini kwaye iqhubeke iphuhlisa izakhono zabasebenzi bayo. | Ukuba iWalmart ifuna ukugcina isidima kunye nentembeko echazwe kwimodeli yeshishini layo, ngoko ke izenzo zabasebenzi baseWalmart kufuneka zikhokelwe yimigaqo yokuthembeka. |
| IiNkcazelo/Iziqalelo eziqukayo 1 | Khonza abathengi ngokubabeka kuqala. | Lixabisile kwaye uqaphele igalelo lakhe wonke umntu onxulumana naye. | Yenza izinto ezintsha ngokuzama iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto kunye nokuphucula yonke imihla. | Nyaniseka ngokuthetha inyaniso nangokugcina izithembiso zethu. |
| IiNkcazelo/Iziqalelo eziqukayo 2 | Abaxhasi benkxaso ukuze bakhonze ngokufanelekileyo abathengi. | Yiba ngumnikazi wento esiyenzayo ngemvo yongxamiseko, kwaye sixhobisane ukuba senze okufanayo. | Xela umzekelo omhle njengoko sisukela ulindelo olukhulu. | Yiba nobulungisa kwaye uvuleke xa usebenza nezinxulumani, ababoneleli kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo. |
| IiNkcazelo/Iziqalelo eziqukayo 3 | Nika uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngeendlela eziqhagamshela abathengi. | Nxibelelana ngokumamela bonke oogxa kunye nokwabelana ngezimvo kunye nolwazi. | Sebenzani njengeqela ngokuncedisana nokucela uncedo. | Yiba nenjongo ngokwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kuphela kwizinto ezinomdla zeWalmart ngelixa usebenza ngokuthobela yonke imithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yethu. |
Uhlalutyo lwedatha eqokelelwe kolu phando lwe-ethnographic ye-Walmart-Abasebenzi (okanye abahlobo) ingxabano, usebenzisa iindlela ezintathu eziphambili: ukujonga, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nophando lwe-archival, lubonise ukuba kukho ukungafani okanye ukungafani phakathi kwento i-Walmart eyixhasayo njengenkcubeko yomsebenzi wombutho. (Ezi nkolelo zingundoqo zikhankanywe ngasentla kunye nemilinganiselo engundoqo) kunye nendlela abasebenzi okanye abahlobo beWalmart abaphathwa ngayo yikhonkco lomyalelo kunye nolawulo lweWalmart. Lo mahluko phakathi kweenkolelo kunye nezenzo uye wavelisa izigxeko ezininzi ezivela kumaqela ahlukeneyo anomdla ngokuchasene neWalmart, kubangele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana ukuba zivele ngaphakathi kwintlangano, zenze i-vacuum yokwakha umanyano kunye nemibutho kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwaye ibangele uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi okanye ukuhlukana okukhokelela ekubeni inani eliphezulu lamatyala kunye nezohlwayo ngokuchasene neWalmart ngabahlobo bayo.
Ngelixa amacandelo alandelayo eli phepha egxininisa ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano, xoxa ngekhonkco lomyalelo okanye ubume bentlangano enoxanduva lokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwawo, kunye neentlobo zemibutho okanye umanyano oluthe lwaphuhliswa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweWalmart, kubalulekile ukuba ngoku uchaze ukuba phi kanye kanye. ukungangqinelani kubekwe kunye nezenzo ezithile ezibonakala zichasene neenqobo zemveli okanye iinkolelo zeWalmart.
Uhlalutyo lwedatha lubonise ukuba eyona ngxaki igxininisa ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwengxabano ye-Walmart-Employees inento yokwenza nokusilela kukaWalmart ukujongana neenkxalabo ezinkulu zabalingane bayo - iimbono zabo zokuba ezinye zezenzo zikaWalmart kubo zichasene nemilinganiselo yabo engundoqo yombutho: inkonzo kubathengi, intlonipho kumntu ngamnye, ukuzama ukugqwesa, kunye nokusebenza ngemfezeko.
inkonzo kubathengi: Ekuhambeni kolu phando, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho ukungavisisani phakathi kwebango likaWalmart lokuba abaxhasi abaxhasayo ukuze bakhonze kakuhle abathengi kunye nembono yabalingane kunyango lweWalmart kubo, kunye nendlela olu nyango luchaphazele ngayo ubudlelwane babo nabathengi, imeko yabo yentlalo-qoqosho, kunye nempilo yabo yengqondo. Kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ibango iWalmart ibambe ngalo ukunika uluntu lwasekuhlaleni ngeendlela eziqhagamshela abathengi kwinqanaba elithile lichasene nembono yamanye amalungu oluntu malunga negalelo leWalmart kuphuhliso loluntu.
ukuhlonipha kuMntu ngamnye: Uhlalutyo lwedatha eqokelelweyo lubonise ukuba ukuqinisekiswa kweWalmart ukuba ulawulo lwayo uyawaxabisa kwaye uyawaqonda amagalelo akhe onke amalungu ayihambelani noko abanye bamahlakani bahlangabezana nako kunxibelelwano lwabo nabaphathi. Umbuzo othe wavela ngexesha lophando ngulo: Ngaba asiyonto enye ukuqaphela igalelo lomntu, kwaye enye into ukuxabisa loo minikelo? Izinxulumani zikaWalmart zikholelwa ukuba umsebenzi wabo onzima kunye nemizamo yokunceda iWalmart ifezekise iinjongo zayo zombutho zamkelwa ngabaphathi ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu eqokelelwa yiWalmart kunye nokwanda kwayo okuqhubekayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Nangona kunjalo, igalelo labo kwingxoxo malunga nendlela yokuphucula impilo-ntle yabo njengabasebenzi ayiqatshelwa kwaye ixatyiswe. Ukusuka kulo mbono, baye bagqiba ekubeni baxhathise ngokukhululekileyo nayiphi na i-ajenda eya kubenza babe indlela kwi isiphelo endaweni yokuba yi isiphelo ngokwabo. Izinxulumani zikaWalmart zikwaxoxa ukuba nangona iWalmart ikholelwa ukuba abaphathi bayo - abakumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkokeli ezikwinqanaba eliphakathi - iyanxibelelana ngokumamela bonke oogxa kunye nokwabelana ngezimvo nolwazi, eneneni, nangona kunjalo, izimo zengqondo kunye nokuziphatha kwabaphathi malunga nezinto ezinomdla kunye neengcamango zabalingane malunga nendlela yokuphucula impilo-ntle yabo njengabasebenzi bachasene nemilinganiselo engundoqo kunye neenkolelo ezifunwa yi-Walmart.
Ukuzabalazela ukuGqwesa: Enye indawo apho abahlobo bakaWalmart babona ukungafani kwiindawo ezintsha kwaye msebenzi weqela. Iziphumo zatyhila ukuba inkolelo okanye ixabiso elingundoqo elibophelela abalawuli kunye nabanxulumana nalo sungula izinto ezintsha ngokuzama iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto kunye nokuphucula yonke imihla iphunyeziwe kwaye inyanzeliswe ukuya kuthi ga apho isebenzela khona umdla wobunkokeli nolawulo lweWalmart, ngelixa inyelisa umdla, kwaye ingawahoyi amazwi, amahlakani. Izikhalazo ezahlukeneyo eziphantsi kwamabango kunye nomzabalazo wabo zichazwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, omnye wemibuzo ephambili eye yavela ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kwedatha kunye nokuhlalutya: ukuba iWalmart igcina ixabiso elisisiseko lokuvuselela ngokuzama iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto kunye nokuphucula yonke imihla, kutheni ubunkokeli bayo buchasene nesicelo sabasebenzi somanyano lweWalmart's. abahlobo? Kukwakho nokungangqinelani okubonwayo phakathi kwexabiso elingundoqo le ukusebenza njengeqela ngokuncedisana nokucela uncedo kunye neempendulo kunye neempendulo zobunkokeli kunye nolawulo lweWalmart malunga neemfuno ezixeliweyo kunye nomdla wabanxulumanisi.
Ukwenza ngeMfezeko: Kukwakho inkxalabo ekhulayo malunga ne-dichotomy ekhoyo phakathi kwesibophelelo so senze ngengqibelelo - oko kukuthi, ukuya be Nya niseka ngokuthetha inyaniso, ukuba enobulungisa kwaye uvule xa usebenza nabalingane, ababoneleli kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo, okanye ukuba Injongo ngokwenza izigqibo ezisekelwe kuphela kwiminqweno yeWalmart ngelixa isebenza ngokuthobela yonke imithetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo, kunye nempatho ebonwa ingekho sikweni, ingekho sikweni kwaye ingekho semthethweni yabanye amaqabane ngabaphathi beWalmart kunye nezenzo zocalucalulo ezicingelwayo eWalmart, ezinye zazo eziye zaphela kumatyala kunye nezohlwayo ezichasene nenkampani. Umbuzo oye wavela ebudeni bolu phononongo yayikukuba: ngaba iWalmart iya kuyithethelela njani into yokuba ubunkokeli bayo kunye nabaphathi bayo basebenza ngokunyanisekileyo nangokusekwe kumthetho xa abanye abanxulumani kunye nabaqeshwa abatsha bebanga ukuba baye bacalulwa okanye xa abaphathi betyholwa ngokubandakanyeka ngokungekho mthethweni. izenzo ezichasene nezinxulumani - izenzo ezisusela ekuvalweni kweevenkile ebezingalindelekanga ukuya ekuncitshisweni kweeyure zomsebenzi kunye nemivuzo ephantsi yabanxulumanisi abathile, emva koko kwizoyikiso zokugxothwa kwamaqabane athetha ngokuphandle.
Le theyibhile ingezantsi ibonisa ngokweenkcukacha iiyantlukwano ezibonwayo (njengoko zibonakaliswe ngabaManyano) phakathi kwezithethe zenkcubeko zeWalmart kunye nezenzo zokwenyani, indlela yokuziphatha nezimo zengqondo zobunkokeli bayo kunye nolawulo ngakumaqabane. Kwakhona, itheyibhile igxininisa iimfuno zoluntu zombini i-Walmart Associates kunye nabaphathi. Ukuphonononga ukuqonda kwengxabano yaBasebenzi beWalmart ngaphaya kwendawo yokuqala kunye "nokuchongwa komdla ukuya kwinqanaba elinzulu, inqanaba leemfuno zomntu," imodeli yeemfuno zomntu esetyenziswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi iya kunceda bobabini kunye nabaphathi ukuba bachonge "iimfuno zabantu ekwabelwana ngazo. ” (Katz, Lawyer, and Sweedler, 2011, p. 109). Le theyibhile ibalulekile ngengqiqo yokuba isebenza njengemfuneko yokuqonda iintlobo zonxibelelwano okanye izimbo eziye zavela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweWalmart.
| Iiyantlukwano ezibonwa ngabanxulumanisi | Iimfuno zoLuntu (Ngokusekwe kuMfuziselo weeMfuno zoLuntu) |
|---|---|
| Phakathi kweMimiselo yeNkcubeko yeWalmart kunye neMisebenzi eyiyo yobuNkokheli bayo kunye noLawulo | Umbutho oManyeneyo wokuHlonipha eWalmart (iWalmart YETHU, umbutho weWalmart Associates, nguWalmart Associates, weWalmart Associates.) |
| Abaphathwa ngentlonipho ebafaneleyo. | Isikhundla: Umanyano lweWalmart Associates |
| Amalungelo abasebenzi kunye nemigangatho yaphulwa. | Iimfuno zePhysiological (uMdla) |
| Ungabinalizwi ezivenkileni. | I-1) I-Walmart kufuneka ihlawule ubuncinane i-$ 15 ngeyure kwaye yandise ipesenti yabasebenzi bexesha elizeleyo. I-2) I-Walmart kufuneka yenze ukucwangciswa kuqikelelwe ngakumbi kwaye kuxhomekeke. I-3) I-Walmart kufuneka ibonelele ngemivuzo kunye neenzuzo eziqinisekisa ukuba akukho maqabane aya kuthembela kuncedo lukarhulumente ukubonelela iintsapho zabo. |
| Inkxalabo ngomsebenzi wabo ayihoywa. | Ukhuseleko / Ukhuseleko (Umdla) |
| Isiphithiphithi okanye imfuno yenkululeko yokunxulumana / umanyano lukholisa ukuhlangabezana nesohlwayo esivela kubaphathi. | 1) I-Walmart kufuneka ivumele ii-Associates ukuba zijoyine ngokukhululekileyo i-Walmart YETHU ngaphandle koloyiko lwesohlwayo-ukuvalwa kwevenkile, ukudilizwa, okanye ukulahleka kwezibonelelo. I-2) I-Walmart kufuneka incede abanxulumanisi ukuba bafikelele kukhathalelo lwezempilo olufikelelekayo, kwaye bandise ukhathalelo lwezempilo kunye nokuqhubeka nokusebenza ekwandiseni i-coverage xa uhlaziyo lwezempilo luqala ukusebenza, kunokuba lusebenzise i-lopholes kumthetho ukukhanyela ukhuseleko. I-3) I-Walmart kufuneka ihloniphe ilungelo elisisiseko labalingane kwinkululeko yokuthetha ukuze izinxulumani zikwazi ukuthetha ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela. |
| Ukusetyenziswa kocango oluvulekileyo lweWalmart akubangeli ukusonjululwa kwempixano kwimiba kwaye imfihlo ayihlonitshwa. | 4) I-Walmart kufuneka iqeshe abasebenzi abongezelelweyo, ngokusekelwe kubungakanani obulindelekileyo bezihlwele ngexesha leeholide zokuthengisa njenge "Black Friday". 5) I-Walmart kufuneka iqeqeshe: ukhuseleko okanye abasebenzi bolawulo lwabantu abaninzi kwindawo; abasebenzi kumanyathelo okhuseleko; kunye nabasebenzi kwiinkqubo zikaxakeka. I-6) I-Walmart kufuneka ilungiselele isicwangciso songxamiseko, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba bobabini abasebenzi kunye nabaphenduli bendawo yongxamiseko bayazi malunga nalo. |
| Ibango likaWalmart lokuba iAssociates yexesha elizeleyo yentlawulo yeyure ingaphezulu kwe-$15 ngeyure iyaphikisana nengaphantsi kwe-$10 ngeyure ehlawulwa kwizinxulumani ezininzi. | Ukulunga / Thina / Umoya weQela (Iminqweno) |
| Ukuncitshiswa kweeyure zomsebenzi kwabo basebenza nabo okwethutyana kwenza kube nzima ukondla iintsapho zabo. | 1) IWalmart kufuneka ibhiyozele amanyathelo ethu, kwaye imamele iinkxalabo zethu. I-2) I-Walmart kufuneka ithathe imigaqo-nkqubo eqinisekisayo eqinisekisa ukufikelela okupheleleyo kumathuba kunye nokuphathwa okulinganayo kubo bonke abaNxibelelwano kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungubani ngokwesini, uhlanga, ukukhubazeka, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, okanye ubudala. |
| Ucwangciso olungaqhelekanga noluguquguqukayo olunikwa izinxulumani lwenza kube nzima ukunyamekela iintsapho zabo. | 3) IWalmart ifanele ilandele umgaqo kaMnu. Sam: “Yabelana ngeenzuzo zakho nabo bonke ooNxulumano bakho, kwaye ubaphathe njengamahlakani.” I-4) I-Walmart kufuneka iphelise ucalucalulo olusekelwe kwiminyaka yobudala, isondo, uhlanga okanye inkqubo yenkolelo. |
| Ukungakwazi ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo lweWalmart ngenxa yokuba kubiza kakhulu okanye ngenxa yokungabikho kweeyure zokufaneleka. | Ukuzicingela / Intlonipho (Iminqweno) |
| Amaqabane ajongene nokuziphindezela xa ethetha ngemicimbi yasemsebenzini. | I-1) I-Walmart kufuneka ihloniphe umsebenzi onzima kunye nobuntu beNdibaniselwano. 2) I-Walmart kufuneka isiphathe ngentlonipho nesidima. |
| Impatho elinganayo iyalelwa kwizinxulumani ezininzi. | 3) Sifuna ubulungisa kunye nobulungisa. 4) Sifuna ukuziva singabantu abanoxanduva abakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiimfuno ezisisiseko zosapho lwethu. |
| Ukuxhomekeka kuncedo lukarhulumente ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko ngelixa usebenzela iWalmart akulunganga. | Ukukhula kweShishini / Inzuzo / UkuZenzela wena (Umdla) |
| Gcina usoloko ungenabasebenzi abambalwa kwaye abasebenzi bahlala besebenza ngokugqithisileyo. | 1) I-Walmart kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba abaphathi baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo malunga nendlela yokunyanzelisa ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo imigaqo-nkqubo ebhaliweyo yeWalmart ngamaxesha onke kunye nokubonelela zonke iiNxulumano ngencwadana yomgaqo-nkqubo. I-2) Sifuna ukuphumelela kwimisebenzi yethu, kwaye sifuna ukuba inkampani yethu iphumelele kwishishini, kwaye abathengi bethu bafumane inkonzo enkulu kunye nexabiso, kunye neWalmart kunye ne-Associates ukwabelana ngazo zonke ezi njongo. |
| Ukumela umanyano kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo kuhlangatyezwana nezigrogriso zokuvalwa kweevenkile, ukudendwa, okanye ukuphulukana nezibonelelo. | I-3) Sifuna ukukhula kwaye sibe namathuba, ukunyuka komvuzo ngokufanelekileyo - ukunyuswa kwabo bonke abadibaniselwano ubuncinane kwi-$ 15 / iyure. 4) Sifuna ukunikwa ixesha elingaguqukiyo, iiyure zexesha elizeleyo ukuba sifuna. |
| Amaqabane kunye nabathengi basemngciphekweni wokwenzakala okanye ukufa ngexesha leeholide zentengiso ezifana ne "Black Friday". | I-5) Sifuna i-Walmart inike iiyure ezininzi kwii-Associates zexeshana. I-6) Sifuna i-Walmart iqeshe abasebenzi abaninzi kwiivenkile ezingenanto. |
| Izityholo zocalulo ngokwesini (umzekelo: Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.). | I-7) Sifuna i-Walmart ukuphelisa ukuphulwa kwemivuzo kunye neyure. 8) Sifuna i-Walmart iphelise uqeqesho olungalunganga kunye nokupheliswa. |
| Ukwaphulwa komthetho womvuzo kunye neyure, umzekelo umvuzo ongahlawulwanga kwizinxulumani. | 9) I-Walmart kufuneka izinikele ekubambeleleni kumalungelo abasebenzi kunye nemigangatho. |
Iindidi zoNxibelelwano eziSetyenzisiweyo kuMbutho
Ukuze uphendule kwizikhalazo ezichazwe ngasentla kwaye uqinise iinjongo zayo, i-Walmart, ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi, izama iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana. Iziphumo zophando kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano eziqeshwe ngabaphathi beWalmart kunye neWalmart Associates ngokubhekiselele kungquzulwano lomanyano lubonise ukuba:
- Ubunkokeli beWalmart kunye nabaphathi basebenzise amaqhinga okanye izimbo ezingahambelani ngamaxesha kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye neenjongo ezahlukeneyo zokuzama ukungahoyi ingxabano yomanyano, ukuyicinezela okanye ukujongana nayo, ukucenga abanxulumani abanomdla kunye nabanye abachaphazelekayo ukuba banikezele iimfuno zabo ngokunyanzeliswa, okanye benze okuthile. izivumelwano ngenjongo yokugcina imeko ikhoyo.
- Abanxulumani beWalmart baye basuka kwesinye isimbo sonxibelelwano besiya kwesinye ukusukela oko kwaqala ungquzulwano lwemanyano. Nangona kubonakala ukuba iqumrhu eliphambili le-Walmart associates, i-Organisation United yeNhlonipho eWalmart (i-Walmart YETHU) - iqela elilwela umanyano lomanyano, liye, ukususela ngoJuni 2011 ukukhutshwa okusemthethweni koluntu (Jonga i-Worker Centre Watch, 2014), yamkelwe. indlela ecacileyo, elula yokujongana ngezikhondo zamehlo okanye iipatheni zonxibelelwano, abanye abanxulumani abaninzi nangona kunjalo basasebenzisa izimbo zokuyekelela zonxibelelwano ngenxa yeenkxalabo okanye uloyiko lokuba iindlela zokungqubana zingakhokelela ekuyekisweni kwemisebenzi yabo.
Ukuqonda ngcono zombini iindlela zonxibelelwano zobunkokeli/ulawulo lweWalmart kunye nabalingane babo, olu phononongo lwamkele indibaniselwano “yemodeli yempixano-macala amabini” (uBlake noMouton, ngo-1971, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kuKatz et al., 2011, iphepha 83-84) kunye nokuhlelwa kweRahim (2011) yeendlela zokungqubuzana (njengoko kukhankanywe kwiHocker noWilmot, i-2014, iphe. 146). Ezi ndlela zongquzulwano zezi: ukuphepha, ukongamela (ukukhuphisana okanye ukulawula), ukunyanzelisa (ukwamkela), ukuyekelela, kunye nokudibanisa (intsebenziswano). Njengoko kuya kuchazwa ngezantsi, bobabini abaphathi beWalmart kunye nabalingane "batshintshe izitayela / iindlela zabo ukuze balungelelanise neemfuno zeemeko ezintsha" (Katz et al., 2011, p. 84). Kwisimbo ngasinye songquzulwano, iqhinga lonxibelelwano labachaphazelekayo elihambelanayo liyaqaqambisa.
| Unxibelelwano (Ungquzulwano) Izimbo | Inkcazo/Injongo | UbuNkokeli beWalmart / Ulawulo | Walmart Associates |
|---|---|---|---|
| ukuphepha | Ukushiya-ukulahlekelwa / ukuphumelela ukuma (Injongo ephantsi kunye nobudlelwane bobudlelwane) | Ewe | Ewe |
| Ukuhlala (Kuyafuneka) | Isivuno-ukulahlekelwa/ukuphumelela (Ukuziqhelanisa neenjongo eziphantsi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nobudlelwane obuphezulu) | _____________________________ | Ewe (ingakumbi abanye babalingane) |
| Ukudibana | I-mini-win/mini-lose (Injongo yothethwano kunye noqhelaniso lobudlelwane) | Ewe | Ewe |
| Ukulawula (Ukukhuphisana okanye Ukulawula) | Phumelela/ulahlekelwe (Ujoliso oluphezulu lwenjongo kunye nokuqhelaniswa nobudlelwane obuphantsi) | Ewe | Ewe |
| Ukudibanisa (Intsebenziswano) | Ukuphumelela / ukuphumelela (Injongo ephezulu kunye nobudlelwane bobudlelwane) | Hayi | Hayi |
Ukunqanda:
Idatha eqokelelwe ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe kunye nophando olugciniweyo lubonise ukuba ekuqaleni kwengxabano ye-Walmart-Associates malunga nomanyano lwabasebenzi baseWalmart, ubunkokeli beWalmart bamkela iqhinga lokuphepha. Ubunkokeli kunye nabaphathi beWalmart bakuthintele ukubandakanyeka kwiingxoxo ezithe ngqo malunga nomba womanyano kunye namahlakani ayo kunye nokungahoyi imidla kunye neenjongo zabo. Ngokutsho kukaSteve Adubato (2016), "I-CEO kaWal-Mart u-Lee Scott (owayesebenza njengegosa eliphezulu lesithathu le-Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., ukususela ngoJanuwari 2000 ukuya kuJanuwari 2009) ngokucacileyo wayevakalelwa kukuba ukuphendula ukugxekwa kuya kukunika. ukuqinisekiswa okongeziweyo” (isitanza sesi-3). Impendulo yeenkokeli zeWalmart kwinqanaba lokuqala longquzulwano - iqhinga labo lokuphepha - libhalisa kwisimo sengqondo sokungazibophelela sokukhanyela ubukho bongquzulwano. "Ngokuzenza ngathi ungquzulwano alukho, iqela elinamandla aphezulu likhululekile ekujonganeni neqela eliphantsi kwamandla" (Hocker noWilmot, 2014, p. 151). Oku kubonakala kwisityholo "sokwala ukujongana neenkxalabo zamaqabane eWalmart" ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo olawulo lweWalmart, ukuqala kuSihlalo odla umhlala-phantsi weBhodi yabaLawuli beWal-Mart Stores, Inc., uRob Walton, oyena mntwana mdala we USam noHelen Walton, kumalungu eBhodi yabaLawuli, kwaye emva koko kubaphathi abalawulayo, apho amalungu e-Organization United for Respect eWalmart (i-Walmart YETHU) kunye namahlakani abo bathi baye bafikelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngabanye kwaye ngokudibeneyo ukuphulaphula. kwiinkxalabo zabo (Jonga ukwenza utshintsho e-Walmart, i-Walmart ye-1 yepesenti: Imbali yokufikelela ngamahlakani e-Walmart kunye namahlakani e-Walmart, efunyenwe kwi-http://walmart1percent.org/). Omnye wemibuzo olu phando lufuna ukuyiphanda yayikukuba: ngaba izinto ezingeloncedo zokuphepha iinjongo zomanyano ezichaziweyo zabalingane bakaWalmart zigqwesa iingenelo zayo? Iziphumo zolu phando ziveze izindululo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Enye yeyokuba ukuphepha iinkxalabo zabalingane kuchasene nenkcubeko yombutho kaWalmart. Enye yeyokuba ngokuphepha iimfuno zabo ezichaziweyo, izinto abazithandayo kunye neenjongo zabo, abanxulumani beWalmart baziva ukuba ubunkokeli kunye nabaphathi abakhathali ngentlalontle yabo, kwaye abayixabisi iminikelo yabo kumbutho, nto leyo eyathi yamisela “inqanaba lexesha elizayo. ugqabhuko-dubulo okanye umva” (uHocker noWilmot, 2014, iphe. 152) eye yazisa ukruthakruthwano kulawulo – ubudlelwane bobudlelwane.
Ukulawula / Ukukhuphisana okanye Ukulawula:
Olunye uhlobo oluye lwavela kuphando kwingxabano yeWalmart-Associates licebo lokulawula, ukhuphiswano kunye nokulawula. Ekubeni ukuphepha iinkxalabo zabalingane akuphelisi nangayiphi na indlela ubukho bemiba esisiseko songquzulwano, kwatyhilwa kuphando ukuba uninzi lwabanxulumanisi bagqiba ekubeni badibane, bahlanganise, benze imibutho yevenkile, kunye nenkxaso yenkxaso kunye nomfutho ovela ngaphandle. amaqela anomdla/iimanyano zabasebenzi, ngelixa zixhasa imithetho/imigaqo-nkqubo eyongameleyo eyenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo abasebenzi kunye nokusebenzisa onke amathuba kunye neendlela zokuvakalisa amabango kunye nezinto ezibaxhalabisayo. Le ntshukumo ekhuphisanayo ngabanxulumani beWalmart iqinisekisa iingcamango ezisisiseko ezisisiseko sendlela elawulayo yonxibelelwano. NgokukaHocker noWilmot (2014): “Indlela elawulayo, ekhuphisanayo, okanye 'yamandla phezu' ibonakala ngokuba ndlongondlongo nokungabi nantsebenziswano – ukusukela ezakho izinto ezikuxhalabisayo ngeendleko zomnye. Abantu abanesitayile esilawulayo bazama ukufumana amandla ngokungqubana ngokuthe ngqo, ngokuzama 'ukuphumelela' kwimpikiswano ngaphandle kokulungelelanisa iinjongo kunye neminqweno yomnye. […] Impixano ibonwa njengendawo yedabi, apho ukuphumelela kuyinjongo, kwaye inkxalabo ngomnye iyinto encinci okanye ingabalulekanga kangako” (iphe. 156).
Uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lombutho weambrela wabanxulumani beWalmart, uMbutho oManyeneyo wokuHlonipha eWalmart (iWalmart YETHU), ibonakalise ukuba kwingxabano yabo neWalmart, iWalmart yethu igxile kakhulu, kwaye igxile kwiimfuno zayo ngelixa izama ukuphumelela idabi. ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga ohlukeneyo akhuphisanayo kunye namaqhinga. La maqhinga aquka kodwa angaphelelanga apho: “ukufaka amatyala angenamsebenzi, ukupapasha izifundo ezityebileyo, ukukhupha iileta zenyanzeliso kubaqeshi, ukwenza uqhanqalazo oluqhumayo noluphazamisayo ezivenkileni nasezitratweni, ukuhlasela amalungu ebhodi nabaphathi kunye nokubeka izityholo eziyintlebendwana kumajelo eendaba” ( Jonga iZiko lokuJonga iZiko loMsebenzi, amaqhinga ethu eWalmart, efunyenwe kwi http://workercenterwatch.com). Kukholelwa ukuba ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano zenza inxalenye yesicwangciso-qhinga somkhankaso wehlabathi jikelele esibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kokungathobeli (Eidelson, 2013; Carpenter, 2013), ukulungelelanisa kunye nokuqhuba ugwayimbo (Carpenter, 2013; Resnikoff 2014; Jaffe 2015; Bode) 2014), imithombo yeendaba zentlalo, iiwebhusayithi ezinikezelweyo, kunye namanye amaqonga e-intanethi, enzelwe ukukholisa esidlangalaleni okanye ukunyanzela i-Walmart ukuba inikezele kwiimfuno zabalingane bayo.
Idatha yophando iveze ukuba endaweni yokunikezela kwiimfuno ze-Walmart yethu kunye nokoyikiswa ngamaphulo ayo oluntu kunye namanye amaqhinga, iWalmart isebenzise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunxibelelana, ukucenga, kunye nokunyanzela abo banxulumana nabo ukuba bangamanyani. Ukuxhokonxa inkululeko yombutho okanye umanyano kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kugwayimbo Lwethu olukhokelwa yiWalmart kuhlala kuhlangatyezwana nazo ngesohlwayo esivela kubaphathi beWalmart ngendlela yezoyikiso, okanye okwenyani, ukuvalwa kweevenkile, ukudendwa, ukuncitshiswa kweeyure zomsebenzi okanye ilahleko yezibonelelo. Ngokomzekelo, “xa isebe lenyama kwivenkile yaseWalmart eTexas yaba kuphela kwenkqubo yomthengisi eUnited States ukumanyanisa, emva phayaa ngowama-2000, iWalmart yabhengeza izicwangciso kwiiveki ezimbini kamva zokusebenzisa inyama esele zipakishwe nokuphelisa ooxhwele kuloo venkile nezinye ezili-179” (I-Greenhouse, i-2015, isiqendu 1). Ngokufanayo, kukholelwa ukuba ukuvalwa kwevenkile yaseWalmart eJonquiere, eQuebec ngo-2004 kamsinya nje emva kokuba oovimba bevenkile bedityanisiwe, kunye nokuhamba ngo-Epreli 2015 ukuvala ivenkile ePico Rivera, eCalifornia, kunye nezinye iivenkile ezine, kuyinxalenye. yesicwangciso esibanzi esinobundlobongela sokulwa i-ajenda yomanyano lwabalingane be-Walmart (Greenhouse, 2015; Masunaga, 2015).
Kwakhona, isikhalazo esisemthethweni seBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi, iOfisi yoMcebisi Jikelele, ngokuchasene ne-Walmart ngoJanuwari 15, i-2014 iqinisekisa indlela yokulawula kunye nokulawula ungquzulwano olusetyenziswa nguWalmart ukunqanda abahlobo ukuba benze okanye bajoyine umanyano. "Ngexesha losasazo lweendaba ezimbini zikamabonwakude wesizwe kunye neengxelo kubasebenzi kwiivenkile zaseWalmart eCalifornia naseTexas, iWalmart ngokungekho mthethweni yoyikise abasebenzi ngokuziphindezela ukuba babandakanyeka kuqhankqalazo kunye noqhanqalazo. Kwiivenkile zaseCalifornia, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas kunye neWashington, iWalmart yoyikisa ngokungekho mthethweni, iqeqeshe, kunye / okanye irhoxise abasebenzi ngenxa yokuzibandakanya noqhanqalazo olukhuselwe ngokusemthethweni kunye noqhanqalazo. . Kwiivenkile zaseCarlifonia, eFlorida, naseTexas, iWalmart igrogrise ngokungekho mthethweni, ibekwe esweni, iqeqeshe, kunye/okanye irhoxise abasebenzi ilindele okanye iphendula eminye imisebenzi ekhuselweyo ekhuselweyo yabasebenzi” (NLRB, iOfisi yeMicimbi kaRhulumente, 2015).
Ukongeza kwintshukumo yayo endlongondlongo ngokuchasene nayo nayiphi na imizamo yokumanyanisa amahlakani ayo, iWalmart yayalela iQela lezoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi ukuba liphuhlise “Ibhokisi yezixhobo zoMphathi ukuHlala iManyano eManyano,” ikiti yoqeqesho echasa ngokukrakra kwaye igxeka umanyano lwamaqabane ngelixa ibonelela ngobungqina obubambekayo kunye nezizathu. kutheni abaphathi kufuneka bathi hayi kwi-Walmart yethu kwaye bakhuthaze abanye abanxulumanisi ukuba bawukhabe uluvo lomanyano. Bonke abaphathi balindeleke ukuba bafumane olu qeqesho lubanika amandla okuba babe “ngumgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela weWalmart ngokuchasene nomanyano” kwaye lubanika izakhono “zokuhlala beyiphaphele imigudu yombutho yokulungelelanisa izinxulumani” kwanokuba soloko bephaphile. kuzo naziphi na iimpawu amaqabane anomdla kumanyano” (iQela lezoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi laseWalmart, 1997). Xa bekukho iimpawu zemisebenzi yemanyano eququzelelwa yi-Our Walmart okanye nayiphi na enye imanyano, abaphathi bebefuneka ukuba baxele ngoko nangoko ezo mpawu kunye nemisebenzi kuMnxeba woNxibelelwano lwezaBasebenzi, okwaziwa ngokuba nguMnxeba woNxibelelwano weManyano (Iqela le-Walmart Labour Relations, 2014; Human Rights Watch. , 2007). Ngokufanayo, ukuqeshwa okutsha ukususela ngo-2009 banikwa i-orientation ukuze bagxininise kwinkcubeko ye-anti-unionization kunye neengcamango ze-Walmart (i-Greenhouse, i-2015), ngaloo ndlela ibanqande ekulandeleni iinjongo ezinjalo eziya kubashiya kunye nemiphumo ebuhlungu. Ke, izinxulumani ezitsha ziqala umsebenzi wazo ngeemvakalelo zokoyika impindezelo, ukuba bazidibanisa nezinto ezixhasa umanyano.
Emva kokucingisisa ngezitayile ezilawulayo zeWalmart kunye noMbutho oManyeneyo wokuHlonipha eWalmart (iWalmart YETHU), kwavela omnye umbuzo obalulekileyo: ziziphi iingenelo kunye nezingeloncedo kula maqhinga? Ngaba ezi ndlela zonxibelelwano zibancede kakuhle? Uphando olufunyenweyo kwesi simbo luhambelana nengqikelelo yethiyori kaHocker noWilmot (2014) malunga nesimbo esilawulayo sonxibelelwano esithi “kuluncedo ukuba injongo yangaphandle ibaluleke ngakumbi kunobudlelwane nomnye umntu, njengo. kubudlelwane bexeshana obungaphindi” (iphe. 157). Kodwa iWalmart ibotshelelwe kubudlelwane bexesha elide nezinxulumani zayo, kwaye ke, “ingxabano eqhutywa ngokhuphiswano inokukhuthaza elinye iqela ukuba lingene ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye lisebenzise iindlela ezifihlakeleyo ukwenza elinye lihlawule. Ukulawula kudla ngokunciphisa zonke iimpixano zibe ziinketho ezimbini – 'unxamnye nam okanye unxamnye nam,' nto leyo ikhawulela iindima zomntu 'ekuphumeleleni' okanye 'ukulahlekelwa'” (uHocker noWilmot, 2014, iphe. 157). Okubuhlungu kukuba, oku kuyinyaniso ngobudlelwane obukhoyo obukhoyo phakathi kweWalmart kunye namalungu oMbutho oManyeneyo wokuHlonipha eWalmart (iWalmart YETHU).
Ukuhlalisa okanye ukuBonelela:
Esinye isimbo sonxibelelwano esibalulekileyo esisetyenziswa kungquzulwano lweWalmart-Associates siyavumelana okanye siyanyanzeliswa. KuKatz et al. (2011), ukuhlala kuthetha "ukunikezela, ukuxolisa, kunye nokuphepha ingxabano" (iphe. 83) nokuba kugcinwe ubudlelwane okanye ngenxa yoloyiko lwemiphumo okanye impembelelo yokulahlekelwa kwingxabano iya kuba nayo kumntu ohlala kuyo. Uhlalutyo lwethu lwedatha yophando lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabalingane beWalmart bakhetha ukuzinikela kwimithetho ye-Walmart yokuchasana nomanyano ukujoyina kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ye-pro-unionization ye-OUR Walmart, kungekhona ngenxa yokwakhiwa kobudlelwane, kodwa ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa yimisebenzi yabo, leyo, kunjalo, iya kuba nempembelelo embi kubo nakwiintsapho zabo. Abantu abaninzi baye bakhetha ukuma okuvumayo kwimbali njengoko kubonwa kwintsomi yemfuduko apho amanye amaSirayeli ayekhetha ukuyekelela kwimimiselo kaFaro aze abuyele eYiputa ukuze aphephe indlala nokufa entlango, yaye njengoko kwabonakala ngexesha lobukhoboka – amanye amakhoboka ayefuna ukuhlala. phantsi kwedyokhwe yeenkosi zabo ngenxa yokoyika into engaziwayo-, okanye njengoko isetyenziswa ngabantu abaninzi kubudlelwane bemihla ngemihla, ngakumbi emitshatweni.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba abanye babanxulumanisi ngokunyanisekileyo nangokufihlakeleyo babhalisela umdla ochaziweyo we-Walmart yethu-ukuba iWalmart kufuneka iphucule intlalo-ntle, kunye nentlonipho, izinxulumani-, nangona kunjalo, bayoyika ukuthetha ngokuphandle. Njengoko uHocker noWilmot (2014) beqinisekisa, “umntu unokunikezela komnye umntu […] ngokukrokra nangokukrakra, [kunye nembono] yokuthobela ngomsindo, nobutshaba” (iphe. 163). Le nkcazo iqinisekiswa kwezinye zeengxelo ezenziwa ngabalingane bakaWalmart ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe. "Ndilapha ngenxa yabantwana bam, kungenjalo, ngendiyishiyile iWalmart okanye ndijoyine iWalmart yethu ukuze silwele amalungelo ethu." “Njengesinxulumani esingesosigxina, ukuba uyakhalaza okanye uvakalisa izimvo zakho ngendlela ophethwe ngayo nokungahlonelwa kwakho, iiyure zakho ziya kucuthwa, yaye usenokuba ngolandelayo emgceni wokugxothwa. Ngoko ke, ndikhetha ukuthula ukuze ndigcine umsebenzi wam.” Ukunikezela okanye ukuvuma kwimithetho echasene nomanyano yeWalmart yinto eqhelekileyo kubahlobo abaninzi. UBarbara Gertz, i-stocker ye-Walmart ebusuku e-Denver, uchazwe ngu-Greenhouse (2015) ukuba uthe: "Abantu bayesaba ukuvotela umanyano ngenxa yokoyika ukuba ivenkile yabo iya kuvalwa" (Isiqendu 2).
Kwesi simbo sonxibelelwano, bekubalulekile ukwazi ukuba inokuba luncedo kangakanani indawo yokuhlala kungquzulwano lweWalmart-Associates. Uphando olufunyenweyo lubonisa ukuba isimbo sokunxibelelana okanye ukunyanzeliswa sisetyenziselwe "ukunciphisa ilahleko" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 163). Kubahlali-ndawonye, ukunikezela bububi obuncinci xa kuthelekiswa nokujoyina i-Walmart yethu enokukhokelela ekuyekisweni kwengqesho. Nangona i-Walmart inokwaneliseka kwixesha elifutshane xa aba banxulumanisi bethobela, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kunokubakho uhlobo oluthile lokucaphuka kunye nentshiseko ephantsi kumsebenzi wabo onokuthi ube nempembelelo enkulu ekusebenzeni kwabo jikelele.
Ukulalanisa:
Uphando lwethu lukwabonisa ukuba ukongeza kwiindlela zokunqanda kunye nokulawula iindlela zonxibelelwano kunye neengxabano ezisetyenziswa yiWalmart, umbutho wenze izigqibo zokuyekelela ezijolise ekuphuculeni impilo-ntle yabalingane bawo, ukugcina ubuso, kunye nokwakha ukuzithemba nodumo eluntwini. iliso. Ezi zijekulo zibandakanya:
- ukuphucula iinkqubo zayo zokucwangcisa ngokunika abanye abasebenzi iishedyuli ezimiselweyo veki nganye—abasebenzi abaninzi baye bakhalaza [bakhalaza] ukuba iishedyuli zabo zomsebenzi zitshintsha kakhulu iveki neveki (Greenhouse, 2015);
- ukuvuma ukuphakamisa umvuzo wayo wesiseko kwi-$ 9 kwi-2015 kunye ne-$ 10 kwi-2016 - intshukumo eya kuthetha ukunyuswa kwabasebenzi be-500,000 (iGreenhouse,, 2015);
- ukuphucula yayo Ipolisi yokuvula umnyango ngokuqinisekisa ukuba “... nawuphi na umntu osebenzisanayo, nangaliphi na ixesha, nakweliphi na inqanaba, nakweyiphi na indawo, unokunxibelelana ngomlomo okanye ngokubhala nalo naliphi na ilungu lolawulo ukuya kumongameli, ngokuzithemba, ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela…” (Iqela le-Walmart Labour Relations , 1997, iphepha 5);
- ukuqalisa umjelo wonxibelelwano olubandakanyayo kunye noluthembekileyo kubo bobabini abaphathi kunye nabalingane ngokuyila kwakhona i-intranet kunye nokusungula i-walmartone.com ngoSeptemba 2012 (Kass, 2012);
- ukuhlawula izigidi zembuyekezo ngezityholo zocalucalulo, ukupheliswa ngokungekho mthethweni kwamanye amalungu e-Walmart Yethu, kunye nokunye ukwaphulwa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi efana nokwaphulwa kwemithetho yemivuzo, ukhathalelo lwempilo olungonelanga, ukuxhatshazwa kwabasebenzi, kunye nesimo sokuchasana nomanyano lwabathengisi (Ubulungisa beNdawo yoMsebenzi, 2016; Riper, 2005);
- ukuthatha amanyathelo amaninzi ukwandisa ukungafani kwabasebenzi kumbutho;
- ukuseka i-Global Ethics Office e-Bentonville, e-Arkansas, equlunqa kwaye ifundise bobabini abalawuli kunye namahlakani malunga nekhowudi yokuziphatha ye-Walmart, kwaye ibonelele ngenkqubo / inkqubo eyimfihlo yamahlakani ukuba achaze oko "bavakalelwa kukuba kukwaphulwa kokuziphatha okusesikweni, umgaqo-nkqubo okanye umthetho” (iOfisi yeeNqobo zokuziphatha zeHlabathi, www.walmartethics.com.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu zokulungelelanisa ukusuka kwelinye icala le-aisle, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-Walmart yethu kunye neqabane layo, i-United Food and Commercial Workers, baye bayeka ezinye zezicwangciso zabo ezinobundlobongela kunye nezonakalisayo, ngokuyinxenye njengophawu lwezorhwebo. -intlawulo yento eyimbuyekezo kwicala leWalmart, kwaye ubukhulu becala ukuze kuthotyelwe imiyalelo yenkundla (Jonga isihlomelo semiyalelo yenkundla). Eyona nto ibalulekileyo nebalulekileyo yokulalanisa ekufanele ukuba igxininiswe kule ngxelo yokugqibela yophando sisigqibo ngesiquphe esenziwe yi-Walmart yethu yokuyeka ukuthetha-thethana “izivumelwano egameni labasebenzi baseWalmart, kodwa endaweni yoko kugxininiswe ekuncedeni “amalungu azuze kwimithetho yabasebenzi ekhuselayo. abasebenzi kwimpindezelo ngokubandakanyeka kwingxoxo kunye nesenzo” (uSteven Greenhouse, 2011). Ukuzinikela ekungenzini njengombutho osemthethweni omele amaqabane e-Walmart kubonakaliswe kwisibhengezo esisemthethweni esathi i-Walmart yethu yabhala kwiwebhusayithi yayo kunye namaphepha eendaba ezentlalo: "I-UFCW kunye ne-WAlmart YETHU banenjongo yokunceda abasebenzi be-Walmart njengabantu ngabanye okanye amaqela ekusebenzisaneni kwabo nabo. IWalmart ngaphezulu kwamalungelo abasebenzi kunye nemigangatho kunye neenzame zabo zokuba neWalmart izibophelele esidlangalaleni ukuthobela amalungelo kunye nemigangatho yabasebenzi. I-UFCW kunye ne-Walmart YETHU ayinanjongo yokuba i-Walmart iqaphele okanye ixoxisane ne-UFCW okanye i-Walmart YETHU njengommeli wabasebenzi bayo ”(I-Walmart yethu, i-Legal Disclaimer: http://forrespect.org/). Njengoluhlu olubanzi lwezigqibo zorhwebelwano, iWalmart yethu ivumile ukuyeka le misebenzi ilandelayo:
- “ukungena okanye ngaphakathi kwipropathi yabucala yeWalmart ukuze ubandakanyeke kwimisebenzi enjengokugqekeza, ukujikeleza, ukubukela, imiboniso, 'ihlokondiba elikhawulezayo,' ukunikezela ngeemali, ukucela, kunye nokungqubana kwabaphathi; okanye
- ukungena okanye ngaphakathi kwipropathi yabucala yeWalmart ngaphandle kwemvume okanye isigunyaziso esivela eWalmart ngayo nayiphi na injongo ngaphandle kokuthenga kunye/okanye nokuthenga urhwebo lweWalmart” (Iziko loMsebenzi Bukela: Ukusekwa, kubuyiswa http://workercenterwatch.com; Inkundla yaseBenton County, Arkansas Civil Division, 2013).
Iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zokulalana ezenziwe yiWalmart kunye neWalmart yethu kunye namahlakani ayo luphawu lwesimbo esilalanisayo sonxibelelwano okanye impixano. Ngokwenza oku kuhambelana ngasentla, zombini iWalmart kunye neWalmart yethu "bacinga ukuba isisombululo sokuphumelela / sokuphumelela asinakwenzeka kwaye samkele isimo sothethathethwano esibandakanya ukuphumelela okuncinci kunye nokuphulukana okuncinci ngokubhekiselele kuzo zombini iinjongo kunye nobudlelwane. yamaqela abandakanyekayo, ngokucenga kunye nokukhohlisa okulawula isimbo "(Katz et al., 2011, p. 83). Emva kokucingisisa ngale ndlela yokuthomalalisa ingxabano, bekubalulekile ukuphonononga ukuba ngaba olu hlobo lunenzuzo ngakumbi kumaqela amabini aphambili abandakanyekayo kolu ngquzulwano kunaso nasiphi na esinye isimbo songquzulwano, umzekelo, isimbo sokudibanisa okanye sokusebenzisana. Uphando olufunyenweyo lubonise ukuba ulungelelwaniso olungentla lusebenza kuphela 'ekuqiniseni ulungelelwaniso lwamandla ... olusetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ulungiso lwexeshana okanye olufanelekileyo kwiimeko zoxinzelelo lwexesha” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, pp. 162) ukusukela kwamanye amaqhinga - ukuphepha, ukongamela, kunye nendawo yokuhlala – ayiphumelelanga ukumisa ungquzulwano.
Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ukuyekelela kunokubonwa njengophawu lwelahleko, kwaye unikwe ukuba iWalmart yethu ayifuni ukuyeka ngokulula kwinto abayibhekisa kuyo. umzabalazo wamalungelo oluntu, ungquzulwano ngoku lunokuchazwa njengoluhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo kwileli yalo yokunyuka. Kwaye ukongeza, kubonakala ngathi amaqela abambekile kwezi ndlela zongquzulwano okanye "zikhenkceke kwisitayile songquzulwano kunokuphuhlisa ukuguquguquka kwesitayile" (Hocker kunye noWilmot, 2014, iphe. 184-185). Omnye umbuzo ovele kudliwano-ndlebe kunye nophando lovimba kukuba: kutheni amaqela enza into efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukususela ekubonakalisweni kolu ngquzulwano? Kutheni bekhe babambe izikhundla zabo ngaphandle kophawu lokuguquguquka? Kutheni iWalmart ingazimiselanga ukuyeka umlo wayo ochasene nomanyano? Kwaye kutheni iWalmart yethu ingazimiselanga ukuyeka iphulo layo elinobundlobongela kwaye ilwe neWalmart? Iziphumo zophando zibonakalise ukuba eyona mpendulo ilungileyo kule mibuzo ilele kumahluko phakathi kweengqikelelo zamandla, amalungelo kunye nomdla (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 108 – p. 110). Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ingqwalasela yolu ngquzulwano iye yatshintsha ukusuka kwiminqweno ukuya kumalungelo yaya emandleni; kunye nokwenyuka kwemeko yongquzulwano lweWalmart-Our Walmart iqinisekisa ukuba "ugxininiso olugqithisileyo kumandla luphawu lwenkqubo ecinezelekileyo" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 110).
Ukudibanisa okanye ukusebenzisana:
Yintoni ke ngoko ekufuneka yenziwe ukubuyisela umva ivili kolu ngquzulwano luqatsela? Abantu abaninzi banokukhawuleza ukuxoxa ukuba ukubuyisela amalungelo abasebenzi be-Walmart amaqabane ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yomthetho esemthethweni kuyimfuneko ukusombulula ingxabano. Ngokusekwe kwiziphumo zolu phando, ndikholelwa ukuba iinkqubo ezisekelwe kumalungelo okusombulula ingxabano ziyimfuneko njengoko ungquzulwano lubandakanya imiba esekwe kumalungelo efana nocalucalulo ngokwesini, ukunyhashwa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi, kunye neminye imiba yezomthetho enxulumeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobudlelwane bexesha elide obuhlala bukhona phakathi kwabaqeshi kunye nabasebenzi babo, iinkqubo ezisekelwe kumalungelo azonelanga ukusombulula imiba esisiseko kwingxabano yeWalmart-Associates. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kucetyiswa kolu phando ukutshintsha ugxininiso kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kumandla kunye namalungelo kwiinkqubo ezisekelwe kwiminqweno yokusombulula impixano. Kanye njengokuba uHocker noWilmot (2014) besitsho, “xa sisombulula ingxabano ngokusekelwe kwizinto esizithandayo, iinjongo kunye neminqweno yamaqela zizinto eziphambili … ngamalungelo kunye namandla adlala indima encinci kodwa ibalulekile” (iphe. 109).
Kodwa, ngaba isimbo sonxibelelwano esisekwe kwizinto esinomdla sisetyenziswe nakweliphi na iqela kolu ngquzulwano? Idatha eqokelelwe ngodliwano-ndlebe, izifundo zoovimba kunye nezinye iindlela zophando ezenza isiseko apho le ngxelo yokugqibela isekelwe khona ibonise ukuba i-Walmart kunye ne-Walmart yethu ayikatshintsheli kwindlela yokunxibelelana okanye yokudibanisa. I-Walmart kunye ne-Walmart yethu kunye namaqabane ayo abakayithathi "i-win / win posture" eqinisekisa ukuba "amaqela omabini kwingxabano aphumeza iinjongo zawo zobuqu [kwaye enze] kungekuphela egameni zabo ukuzicingela buqu kodwa egameni leqela eliphikisayo ngokunjalo” (Katz et al., 2011, p. 83). Nangona olu phando luvuma iinzame ezixeliweyo ezenziwe nguWalmart ngokudala i-ofisi yeGlobal Ethics, inkqubo ejolise ekuboneleleni ngenkqubo yokunika ingxelo eyimfihlo nengaziwayo kunye nokunceda abanxulumani ukuba baphakamise iinkxalabo kwaye bathethe malunga nokwaphulwa kwemigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. (I-Ofisi yeHlabathi yeeNqobo zokuziphatha, www.walmartethics.com); kwaye nangona ukufunyaniswa kophando kusikhumbuza isimo sokuyekelela sikaWalmart ekomelezeni kwayo Umnyango ovulekileyo umgaqo-nkqubo, inkqubo kunye nenkqubo ekhuthaza umoya wokusebenza okhuthaza iqabane ngalinye ukuba livakalise iingcamango neemvakalelo zabo kubaphathi ngaphandle kokoyika impindezelo (Iqela le-Walmart Labour Relations, 1997). Yingxabano yolu phando ukuba zombini i-Global Ethics kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo we-Open Door awubonakalisi ukubambisana ngokubambisana kwesisombululo esijongene nemiba ephantsi kunye neenkxalabo kwi-Walmart - Associates ingxabano.
Kulo lonke olu phando, kwakungekho ngcaciso ekhoyo malunga nexesha apho i-Walmart kunye ne-Walmart yethu babhala isisombululo ngokusebenzisa "ukuxazulula iingxaki ezifanayo" (uHocker noWilmot, i-2014, iphe. 165). Ngoko ke, inkqubo okanye inkqubo apho iWalmart kunye neWalmart yethu kunye namaqabane ayo banokusebenzisana ngokubambisana isisombululo kwingxabano yabo - isisombululo esidibeneyo esiya kuhlangabezana neemfuno eziphambili kunye neemfuno zamaqela omabini - kufuneka ibe yinkxalabo ephambili yalo naluphi na uxolo / ukungenelela kongquzulwano kulo mbutho, kwaye kufanele ukuba ibe nelungelo kwaye yamkelwe bunkokeli kunye nolawulo lweWalmart.
Ulwakhiwo loMbutho
Ukuze umbutho usebenze, kufuneka ube nesakhiwo sombutho. Umbutho kufuneka umiswe ngendlela yokunceda ekufezekiseni iimfuno kunye neenjongo owakhelwe zona. Kukwanjalo nakwisakhiwo sombutho weWalmart. Ngenjongo ye ukugcina abantu imali ukuze baphile ngcono, Isakhiwo sombutho we-Walmart sinokuchazwa njengento yolawulo kunye nokusebenza (Jessica Lombardo, 2015).
Ubume bombutho obuphezulu beWalmart bufana nephiramidi apho umqeshwa ngamnye anomphathi onyuliweyo, ngaphandle koMongameli kunye neCEO yeWal-Mart Stores, Inc., isikhundla esasibanjwe nguDoug McMillon ngexesha lophando. UMongameli kunye ne-CEO, nangona kunjalo, bafumana isikhokelo kunye nenkxaso kwiBhodi yabaLawuli. Iziphumo zophando ziveze ubukho be imigca ethe nkqo yomyalelo negunya (UJessica Lombardo, i-2015) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-Walmart sombutho esivumela ukuba kubekho ipateni yonxibelelwano oluphezulu. "Izikhokelo kunye nezigunyaziso ezivela kumanqanaba aphezulu olawulo lweWalmart ziphunyezwa ngabaphathi abaphakathi ukuya kubasebenzi benqanaba kunye neefayile kwiivenkile zeWalmart" (Jessica Lombardo, 2015, para. 3). Oku kuthetha ukuba abanxulumani beWalmart bakwisiphelo sokufumana, bemi kwindawo amandla aphantsi umgca wempembelelo. Iyintoni intsingiselo yale modeli yolwakhiwo lweWalmart? Kuthetha ukuba "ukuba abantu abanamandla aphantsi bahlala bephantsi kwempatho enzima okanye ukunqongophala kwenjongo, banokuthi bavelise ukuchasana okucwangcisiweyo kubantu abanamandla aphezulu" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 165). Le ngxelo ibangela umzabalazo okhulayo wabalingane bakaWalmart ukwenza umanyano. Ukudibanisa, bakholelwa ukuba, kunokuba yindlela yokwandisa kunye nokulinganisa amandla.
(UJacob Morgan, 2015)
Ukongeza kubume bayo obuphezulu, iWalmart ikwasebenzisa imodeli esebenzayo yolwakhiwo lombutho. Le yindlela esekelwe kwizakhono zolawulo. Njengoko igama elithi ukusebenza lisitsho, abaqeshwa abanezakhono ezifanayo badityaniswa ndawonye kwiyunithi yokusebenza ukuze bafezekise imisebenzi yabo ekhethekileyo baze banike ingxelo kubaphathi bamacandelo abathi nabo banike ingxelo kubaphathi babo kuluhlu lwemigangatho. Yiyo loo nto iWalmart yonyula izikhundla zikaMongameli kunye neCEO kwicandelo ngalinye kumacandelo amane eshishini layo: iWalmart US, iWalmart International, iSam's Club, kunye neGlobal eCommerce. Ngamnye kuMongameli kunye ne-CEO kula macandelo oshishino unoxanduva lwamacandelo abo asebenzayo kunye nemimandla, kwaye banika ingxelo ku-Doug McMillon owayenguMongameli kunye ne-CEO, i-WalMart Stores, Inc. ngexesha lophando kunye nomsebenzi wakhe wawukhokelwa ngezigqibo zeBhodi yabaLawuli, ngegalelo elisuka kubanini-zabelo.
(Perez-Montesa, 2012)
Ngokwale mbono, kuba lula ukuqonda ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo emitsha, amaqhinga kunye nezikhokelo ezivela kwikomkhulu zinokugqithiselwa njani kubaphathi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ukuze ziphunyezwe ngomsebenzi wabalingane beyure kumgca wamandla osezantsi-ophantsi wempembelelo. Umbuzo olu phando lufuna ukuwuphendula ngulo: ngaba abakwaWalmart banxulumana njani nobudlelwane babo nabaphathi babo? Ithini imbono yabo yamandla ngokubanzi eWalmart? Ngaba izimo zabo zengqondo, iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukuziphatha kunye nokunxibelelana nabaphathi babo kuxhomekeke ekuqondeni amandla njengoko liweyo – amandla anikwe sisikhundla somntu emsebenzini, umzekelo, umphathi okanye isinxulumani seyure –; okanye ukuhanjiswa – oko kukuthi, amandla njengolawulo; okanye edibanisayo - "imbono yobudlelwane bamandla" egxininisa "kokubini / kunye" nomlinganiselo ovumayo ukubaluleka komntu ngamnye kubudlelwane, kwaye ngamnye unento anikela ngayo (jonga uHocker noWilmot, 2014, p. 105)?
Nangona inkcubeko yombutho kaWalmart igxininisa ukubaluleka kwe edibanisayo indlela kubudlelwane bamandla, idatha eqokelelwe kwizifundo zoovimba, udliwano-ndlebe kunye nolunye uphando loqwalaselo luveze ukuba abanxulumani beWalmart badla ngokubona ubudlelwane babo bamandla nabaphathi. edibanisayo, kodwa njengoko ukuhanjiswa – oluluxhatshazo lwe liweyo amandla. Phantse bonke abantu ekwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe nabo bavakalelwa kukuba abaphathi babo bayabalawula, nto leyo enokutolikwa njengokunyanzeliswa kokunyanzeliswa “kwindima yamandla aphantsi (Siefkes, 2010, njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwiHocker noWilmot, 2014, p. 105).
Kuba abantu abanamandla aphantsi ngaphakathi kumbutho abanako ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lwenkxaso, ingcebiso yokumanyanisa amahlakani ibonakala iyenye yeendlela ezininzi zamahlakani eWalmart, kungoko imvelaphi yomanyano okanye umanyano phakathi kweWalmart yethu kunye nayo. abaxhasi.
Iimanyano ezisakhulayo okanye iiMbumba
Kukho ubuncinci iindlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zokuqonda imidibaniso eyahlukeneyo ethe yavela kungquzulwano lweWalmart-Associates. Eyokuqala kukufunda, ukuchonga, kunye nokudibanisa umanyano lwangoku oluxhasa iqela ngalinye kolu ngquzulwano. Okwesibini kukuhlola olu manyano ngokwembali ngenjongo yokuqonda ukuba olu manyano lwaphuhla njani na ukusuka kwinto eyayikade iyimbumba yamanyama. idyadic impixano - impixano phakathi kweWalmart kunye namahlakani ayo - ukusekwa "konxantathu wengxabano" (Hocker kunye noWilmot, 2014, iphe. 229) xa iUnited Food and Commercial Workers yangenelela ukuba ixhase amaqabane kwiinzame zabo zomanyano, kwaye emva koko ukuze uphuhliso lomanyano olunamaleko amaninzi kumacala omabini epaseji. Ngelixa indlela yokuqala ifanelekile kwinkcazo-ntetho yePowerPoint, eyesibini igqwesile kuphando lwedissertation. Olu phando, nangona kunjalo, lufuna ukuthatha indlela ephakathi ngokubeka imibutho emikhulu ebandakanyekayo kolu ngquzulwano kwaye isekelwe kwiziphumo zichaza ngokufutshane ukuba ezi manyano zaphuhliswa njani.
| Amaqela Dyad angquzulana | Walmart Associates | WalMart |
|---|---|---|
| Ungquzulwano Amalungu Triangle | I-Pro-Unionization Associates Representatives, kunye nabanye abaxhasi abanomdla abaManyano | Walmart kunye nabanye abaXhasi abaNxibelelayo |
| Imanyano / iManyano | Umbutho oManyeneyo wokuHlonipha eWalmart (iWalmart YETHU, umbutho weWalmart Associates, nguWalmart Associates, weWalmart Associates.) | WalMart |
| UMxhasi woManyano oluPhambili | AbaSebenzi boKutya kunye noRhwebo (UFCW) ngephulo labo, 'Ukwenza utshintsho eWalmart' | WalMart |
| Abaxhasi boManyano lweSekondari | IManyano yaBasebenzi beNkonzo yaMazwe ngaMazwe (SEIU); Imibutho yamaLungelo oLuntu; Iintshukumo zoLuntu kunye noLuntu; kunye namaQela eNkolo, njl.njl. Ukufumana uluhlu olupheleleyo, jonga isihlomelo. | Ukujongwa kweZiko laBasebenzi; Amanye amagosa anyuliweyo; kunye neminye imibutho enomdla kunye nabantu ngabanye. |
Umdibaniso odweliswe kwitheyibhile engentla uphuhliswe kwinto eyayiyi-dyad ekuqaleni - impixano phakathi kweWalmart nabanye babalingane bayo, ngakumbi abo bathi, ngenxa yokungabikho kokusesikweni okubonwayo, impatho-mbi, ukungahloneli, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla kwicala lolawulo, kunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko. ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abasebenzi kunye namalungelo oluntu, bagqiba ekubeni bamanyane ukulungelelanisa amandla kunye nokuhlangabezana neenjongo zabo. Njengoko olu ngquzulwano lwaluqhubeka, kwaye kunikwe amandla abandakanyekayo kwizimbo zonxibelelwano kunye nesakhiwo sombutho ngaphakathi kweWalmart, abanye abasebenzisana nabo ngeyure babejongene nesigqibo sokulwela umanyano okanye ukuphulukana nomsebenzi wabo kwaye bajongane nezinye izohlwayo. Oku kulawula, ukuma kwegunya kwicala labaphathi beWalmart kunye nokunqongophala kwenkululeko yokuthetha okukhoyo kubume bombutho obuphezulu baseWalmart kubangele abanye abanxulumani ukuba bathule malunga nomzabalazo womanyano.
Olu tshintsho lukhokelele ekuveleni kukanxantathu wongquzulwano-imanyano yokuqala yabadibanisi beWalmart phakathi kunye nakwiivenkile zaseWalmart. Imbumba ebanzi neyomeleleyo iye yasekwa ngoNovemba ka-2010 yaze yasungulwa ngoJuni ka-2011, kwaye imizabalazo yangaphambili kunye namaphulo omanyano lwamahlakani e-Walmart aye aphinda aguqulwa kwaye ahlaziywa phantsi kwesambrela ye-Organization United for Respect eWalmart (iWalmart YETHU). Oku “kwaphawula ukukhutshwa ngokusesikweni koluntu kwe-Walmart Yethu, ehambelana nentlanganiso yonyaka yabaninizabelo be-Walmart kunye neshumi elinesibini lamaqabane e-Walmart, ababefudula bengamalungu kunye namalungu emanyano babambe irali… /workercenterwatch.com). Uphando lubonise ukuba i-Walmart yethu ifumana inkxaso-mali enkulu kunye nenkxaso evela ku-United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), nangona amalungu e-Walmart yethu ahlawula ubulungu be-$ 5 ngenyanga.
Kwelinye icala lendlela, iWalmart iphinde yatsala inkxaso yabaninzi abachaphazelekayo abanomdla. Ngenxa yokuma okurhabaxa kweWalmart ngokuchasene nemibutho yabasebenzi, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yonxibelelwano oluxhasayo kunye nomnyango ovulelekileyo, imibutho efana neWorker Centre Watch - mission yayo ikukuveza iinjongo ezimbi zemibutho-, kunye namagosa athile anyuliweyo, kunye nabanye abantu abanomdla. , baye baqokelela inkxaso kunye nokukhusela iWalmart.
Imidla eyahlukeneyo ethe umxhasi ngamnye womfelandawonye wayizisa kungquzulwano lweWalmart-Associates inegalelo elikhulu kubuntsonkotha kunye nokunganyangeki kongquzulwano. Ukuyila iinkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano kunye neenkqubo ezingayi kuthathela ingqalelo kuphela umdla (s) waba bachaphazelekayo, kodwa ziya kuguqula impixano, amaqela abandakanyekayo, kunye nombutho uphela, iba ngowona mgomo uphambili wecandelo elilandelayo.
UYilo lweeNkqubo zeNgxaki
Ukwakha ukusuka kwicandelo langaphambili lolu phando apho ndivavanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonxibelelwano kunye neengxabano - ukuphepha, ukulawula (ukukhuphisana okanye ukulawula), ukunyanzelisa (ukuhlala), ukuthobela, kunye nokudibanisa (intsebenziswano) -, eli candelo, ukuyila iinkqubo zengxabano, ifuna fezekisa le misebenzi ilandelayo: chonga kwaye uvume iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zolawulo lwempixano kunye neenkqubo okanye ubuchule obusetyenziswayo ngoku eWalmart; ukuvavanya amandla kunye/okanye imida kwindlela ekhoyo yolawulo longquzulwano; bonakalisa indlela ubume bombutho obunokuthi bube nefuthe ngayo kwiinzame zokusombulula impixano; kwaye ekugqibeleni sicebise ukuba inkqubo yempikiswano efanelekileyo nesebenzayo kunye nenkqubo iyilelwe ukuphunyezwa eWalmart.
IiNkqubo zoLawulo lweNgqungquthela esele zikhona
Ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo entsha yengxabano okanye inkqubo efanelekileyo yengxabano ye-Walmart-Associates iphuhliswe okanye iyilwe ngabangeneleli bengxabano, kubalulekile ukuba okokuqala uchonge kwaye uvume "izenzo zesiko" ezikhoyo (Rogers, Bordone, Sander, and McEwen, 2013) yokusombulula iingxabano eWalmart. Kufunyenwe ngabaqulunqi beenkqubo zengxabano ukuba ukungaphumeleli "ukuthatha ezi zenzo kwi-akhawunti [kuya] kubeka impumelelo yoyilo emngciphekweni" (Rogers et al., 2013, p. 88). Ngesi sizathu, ndicebisa ukuba ndivavanye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusombulula iingxabano kunye neenkqubo ezithe zasetyenziswa yiWalmart kunye neWalmart yethu kwaye / okanye ngoku ezisebenzisayo ukulawula impixano yabo. Ezinye zezi ndlela zigxininisiwe kwaye zixoxwe banzi kwicandelo lesi sahluko soNxibelelwano kunye nezimbo zoQhagamshelwano. Injongo yam kweli candelwana kukuchaza kunye nokushwankathela ezi nkqubo kunye neenkqubo, ngelixa zichaza indlela ezisebenza ngayo, nokuba ziyimfihlo, zinyanzeliswa, zithenjwa ngamaqela, kwaye zinokukhokelela ekwanelisekeni okufanayo.
Idatha eqokelelwe ngodliwano-ndlebe, uphando lwe-archival kunye nophononongo lokuqwalasela lubonise ukuba iinkqubo zokusombulula iingxabano ezidweliswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi zisetyenziswe kwingxabano ye-Walmart-Associates. Ezinye zazo zisetyenziswa ngoku.
| isixokelelwano | Vula umnyango woNxibelelwano | IOfisi yeeNdlela zokuziphatha zeHlabathi iPhakamisa iiNkalo kunye nokuThetha ngeSixhobo se-Intanethi | Ulwalamano | Isigwebo |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| inkqubo | Inkqubo yangaphakathi ekhoyo kwiivenkile zeWalmart nakuzo zonke iiofisi, "Inkqubo yoNxibelelwano lwe-Open Door yindlela echanekileyo yokuvakalisa nayiphi na inkxalabo kumphathi" kuyo nayiphi na ivenkile ye-Walmart. | Inkqubo yangaphakathi eWalmart ejolise “ekukhuliseni ulwazi ngemigaqo-nkqubo yokuziphatha kunye nokubonelela ngamajelo kubachaphazelekayo ukuba bazise iinkxalabo zokuziphatha kwingqalelo yeWalmart. Ibonelela ngenkqubo yokunika ingxelo eyimfihlo nengaziwa mntu” (I-Ofisi yeeNqobo ezisesikweni zeWalmart, ifunyenwe ku-www.walmartethics.com) | Umngeneleli weqela lesithathu langaphandle. "Inkqubo yokusombulula ingxabano ebandakanya uncedo lweqela lesithathu ukwenza izigqibo zabo baphikisanayo malunga nokuba ungquzulwano luya kusonjululwa njani xa amaqela engakwazi ukufikelela kwisivumelwano ngokwawo" (Moore, 2014, p. 10). ). Kule nkqubo, i-Walmart kunye ne-Walmart yethu bahlala besebenzisa iinkonzo zeBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane boMsebenzi (NLRB). | Inkqubo yangaphandle, exhaswa ngurhulumente, kunye nenkqubo yoluntu.Ugwebo yinkqubo yenkundla “ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwenkqubo nenkqubo yokusombulula iimbambano eziziko nezixhaswa ngokubanzi, kunye nokungenelela kwegunya elaziwayo elinegunya kunye nelungelo lokwenza isigqibo esibophelelayo. ukusombulula ingxabano” (Moore, 2014, p. 11). |
| Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Inkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba “...nasiphi na isinxulumani, nangaliphi na ixesha, nakweliphi na inqanaba, nakweyiphi na indawo, anganxibelelana ngomlomo okanye ngokubhala nalo naliphi na ilungu lolawulo ukuya kumongameli, `ngokuthembakala, ngaphandle koloyiko lokuziphindezela... ” (Iqela le-Walmart Labour Relations, 1997, iphe. 5). Xa umphathi ebandakanyeka kule ngxaki, izinxulumani kufuneka zixoxe lo mba kunye nenqanaba elilandelayo lolawulo. | I-Global Ethics ibonelela ngenkqubo yokunika ingxelo ye-intanethi ezinikeleyo kunye nomnxeba wonxibelelwano (1-800-WM-ETHIC; 1-800-963-8442) ukuze abanxulumanisi baxele iinkxalabo zabo ngokukhawuleza. khetha ku: ukulwa norhwaphilizo, ukungqubana kwemidla, ucalucalulo, imfezeko yezemali, kunye nokuxhatshazwa.Abalingane banokuxela inkxalabo yokucwangcisa, inkxalabo malunga noqeqesho abalufumeneyo okanye benze isicelo sokutshintshela komnye ummandla.Ezi nkxalabo zigqithiselwa iOfisi yeeNdlela zokuziphatha kuphando kunye namanyathelo anokwenzeka. | Iziphumo zophando zibonise ukuba kumaxesha amaninzi, iWalmart yethu ifake izikhalazo ngokuchasene neWalmart kwi-NLRB. Ukusombulula ezi mbambano, i-NLRB ibandakanyeka kwiinkqubo ezine eziphambili: 1) uphando lwezityholo; 2) ukuququzelelwa kweendawo zokuhlala; 3) ukwenza isigqibo ngamatyala; kunye 4) nokunyanzeliswa kwemiyalelo.Ngelixa i-NLRB ihlala isebenzisa ulamlo, ikwasebenzisa ulamlo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha idlulisela amatyala kwinkqubo esemthethweni yenkundla. | I-Walmart yethu kunye namalungu abo baye bamangalela i-Walmart amatyeli amaninzi kwaye ezinye zeenkqubo zomthetho zibangele ukulungiswa, izohlwayo okanye izohlwayo ezisemthethweni ezixabisa izigidi zeedola. ngaphakathi kwiivenkile zeWalmart. |
| imfihlo | Kwithiyori, ewe. | Ewe. | Kulamlo, inkqubo iyimfihlo. Kodwa ezinye izigwebo ziyafikeleleka eluntwini (Jonga i-NLRB, www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions). | Ezi ziinkqubo zoluntu. |
| Isiphumo kunye nokunyanzeliswa | Isiphumo sixhomekeke kwisigqibo somphathi, kwaye sihlala sixhasa iinjongo zabaphathi, kwaye zinyanzeliswa nguLawulo lweWalmart. | Isiphumo sixhomekeke kwizigqibo ze-Global Ethics Office, kwaye sivumelana neenjongo zeWalmart. Isiphumo sinyanzeliswa yiWalmart. | Isiphumo sinyanzeliswa yi-NLRB kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. | Ewe, isiphumo sinyanzeliswa ngurhulumente. |
| Inqanaba loKwaneliseka | Ukwaneliseka okuphantsi kwicala lamaqabane | Ukwaneliseka okuphantsi kwicala lamaqabane. | Inqanaba eliphezulu lokwaneliseka yiWalmart yethu. | Ukwaneliseka okuphantsi kweWalmart. |
| Inqanaba lokuThemba kwinkqubo | Amaqabane akanalo ukuzithemba kwinkqubo. Umgaqo-nkqubo we-Open Door uvumela umntu omnye kunye nomphathi omnye ngexesha. Isinxulumanisi asivumelekanga ukuba sikhatshwe ngomnye umntu osebenza naye ngexesha lenkqubo ye-Open Door. | Abahlobo abanalo ukuzithemba kwinkqubo nangona “Umnxeba woncedo unabasebenzi ngumbutho onganxulumananga neWalmart. Umsebenzisi uya kudlulisela ulwazi kwi-ofisi yeGlobal Ethics kwaye uya kubonelela umnxulumanisi ngenombolo yetyala kunye nomhla wokufowuna xa efunwa” (Walmart Global Ethics Office, 2016). | Omabini amaqela abonakala ethembele kwi-NLRB. | Ngamanye amaxesha, amaqela akayithembi inkqubo yezomthetho. |
Uvavanyo lwamandla kunye neMida yokuSebenzisa okukhoyo koLawulo lweNgxwabangxwaba
Ngelixa olu phando luvuma ukubaluleka kweenkqubo kunye neenkqubo njengeBhodi yeSizwe yoBudlelwane bezaBasebenzi (NLRB) kunye nenkqubo yokugweba, ijonge ukubethelela into yokuba ezi nkqubo neenkqubo zichasene kakhulu nobume nokusebenza kwazo, kwaye zijolise ekujonganeni namalungelo. -kunye nemiba esekelwe kumandla, kwaye unganikeli ingqalelo kwiimfuno ezisisiseko kunye nomdla wamaqabane eWalmart, njengoko kutyhilwe kumacandelo angaphambili, ajikeleze ingcamango yesidima - umnqweno wokuphucula impilo-ntle yabo, baphathwe kakuhle kwaye ngobulungisa, kwaye ihlonitshwe ngabaphathi. Ukuze kulungiswe iimfuno kunye nomdla ophantsi kolu ngquzulwano, kubalulekile ukuba inkqubo kunye nenkqubo yonxibelelwano ethembekileyo ngabahlobo beWalmart kufuneka isungulwe eWalmart. Njengoko idatha yophando ibonisa, unxibelelwano olukhoyo kunye neenkqubo zokusombulula ungquzulwano kunye neenkqubo - ngakumbi umgaqo-nkqubo we-Open Door kunye ne-Global Ethics ephakamisa iinkxalabo kunye nokuthetha ngesixhobo se-intanethi - bekuya kusebenza njengezixhobo eziyimfuneko zokuthintela, ukusombulula, kunye nokuguqula iingxabano phakathi kwamaqabane. , phakathi kwamahlakani kunye nabaphathi, naphakathi kwabaphathi abaphakathi kunye neenkokheli eziphezulu, ukuba ezi nkqubo ziselubala, zithenjwa ngabachaphazelekayo, ngakumbi abo basebenzisana nabo, kwaye zizimeleyo, kwaye zimi ngaphandle, izikhundla zombutho.
Indlela yokuguqula umgca okanye umjelo wonxibelelwano ngokwemiqathango yoyilo lokusombulula ingxabano ngaphakathi kweWalmart ihlala ingumngeni ukuba umyili weenkqubo zeengxabano uya kufuneka anqobe ukuze akwazi ukukhuthaza ngempumelelo utshintsho kwiWalmart. Kwaye olu tshintsho kufuneka luqale ngokuqwalasela impembelelo yesakhiwo esikhoyo sombutho kwiinzame zokusombulula impixano ekhoyo phakathi kweWalmart kunye nabalingane bayo malunga nomanyano.
Iimpembelelo zoLwakhiwo loMbutho weWalmart kwiinzame zokuSombulula iNgxaki.
Ukuze uyile inkqubo kunye / okanye inkqubo eya kuhlangabezana neemfuno zeWalmart kunye nabalingane bayo, kubalulekile ukuvavanya indlela isakhiwo sombutho esichaphazela ngayo imizamo eqhubekayo yokusombulula. Kwicandelo langaphambili, kuqatshelwe ukuba isiseko sobunkokeli beWalmart kunye nolawulo lwenziwe kusetyenziswa ubume obusebenzayo obuphezulu apho imigca yonxibelelwano kunye nempembelelo yamandla okwenza izigqibo zihla ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, zishiya amahlakani kwindawo ephantsi yempembelelo kunye nemvakalelo yokungabi namandla. kunye nokungaphantsi. Ezi mvakalelo zibi zongezwa sisimbo esilawulayo sonxibelelwano esichazwe kwicandelo elingaphambili. Umceli mngeni umyili wenkqubo yengxabano aya kujongana nawo eWalmart yindlela eyakhayo yokulinganisa amandla phakathi kwamaqabane kunye nabaphathi beWalmart.
Uphando olufunyenweyo lubonisa ukuba ubume be-hierarchical ye-Walmart yenze umoya apho abanye abaphathi bacinga "amandla njengokusabalalisa" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 105), ingcamango "yamandla phezu okanye ngokuchasene," okanye ukubeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo, i “nokuba/okanye” imbono yamandla. Ngokomzekelo, xa umphathi exelela umhlobo wakhe oseza kuphelelwa emsebenzini ekupheleni komsebenzi: “Unokuhlala uze uncedise iyure enye eyongezelelekileyo (oko kukuthi, ukusebenza ixesha elide) okanye usenokugxothwa ngosuku olulandelayo. ” Yiloo nto abantu abaninzi esinxulumana nabo bekhalaza ngokulawulwa, ukungahlonelwa nokuphathwa kakubi. Ngenxa yeenjongo zobudlelwane bexesha elide ezikhoyo phakathi kwamaqabane kunye nomqeshi wabo, iWalmart, olu phando lucebisa ukuba isimo sengqondo "sokuba / okanye" kumandla silungelelaniswe "namandla okudibanisa, zombini / kunye namandla, amandla kunye, okanye intsebenziswano ” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 131). Imodeli edibeneyo yokwabelana ngamandla yindlela elungileyo yokuxhobisa abanxulumanisi ezantsi kumgca wonxibelelwano kunye nempembelelo yamandla, ibakhuthaze ukuba bahlale bebandakanyeka, kwaye ekugqibeleni batshintshe ugxininiso kumandla aphezulu - amandla aphantsi ukuya kubudlelwane bomsebenzi. isekelwe kwimigaqo yokuxhomekeka komnye.
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Yonke imibuzo malunga nale mpapasho kufuneka ithunyelwe kumbhali, u-Basil Ugorji, Ph.D., uMongameli kunye ne-CEO, i-International Centre ye-Ethno-Religious Mediation, eNew York. Uphando lwenziwe ngeHlobo lowama-2016 njengenxalenye yezifundo zombhali zeDispute Systems Design kwiSebe lokuSombulula iiNgxwabangxwaba kwiYunivesithi yaseNova ekuMazantsi-mpuma, eFort Lauderdale, eFlorida.
