I-Advantages ye-Ethnic and Religious Identity in Confiction Mediation kunye nokwakha uxolo

Mholo ngalentsasa. Kuliwonga kakhulu ukuba nawe ngale ntsasa. Ndiniphathela imibuliso. Ndiyinzalelwane yaseNew York. Ke kwabo bangaphandle kwedolophu, ndiyanamkela kwisixeko sethu saseNew York, eNew York. Yeyona dolophu intle bayibize kabini. Sinombulelo ongazenzisiyo kuBasil Ugorji kunye nosapho lwakhe, amalungu ebhodi, amalungu ebhodi le-ICERM, ngamnye othatha inxaxheba kwinkomfa okhoyo namhlanje kunye nabo bakwi-intanethi, ndinibulisa ngovuyo.

Ndinochulumanco, ndivutha kwaye ndinochulumanco ukuba sisithethi sokuqala esiphambili kwinkomfa yokuqala njengoko siphonononga umxholo, Izinto eziluncedo zesazisi sobuzwe kunye nenkolo kungquzulwano kulamlo kunye nokwakha uxolo.. Ngokuqinisekileyo sisihloko esithandekayo entliziyweni yam, kwaye ndiyathemba kweyakho. Njengoko uBasil watshoyo, kule minyaka mine inesiqingatha idluleyo, ndibe nelungelo, imbeko, nolonwabo lokukhonza uMongameli uBarack Obama, umongameli wokuqala wase-Afrika-waseMelika waseUnited States. Ndifuna ukubulela kuye kunye noNobhala uHillary Clinton ngokundityumba, ukundichonga, kunye nokundinceda ndiphumelele kwiindibano ezimbini zokuqinisekisa i-senate. Kwakuluvuyo olukhulu ukuba lapho eWashington, nokuqhubeka njengonozakuzaku, ndithetha ehlabathini lonke. Zininzi izinto ezindehleleyo. Ndandinawo onke amazwe ali-199 njengenxalenye yepotfoliyo yam. Oonozakuzaku abaninzi bendawo esibaziyo njengeeNkosi zeMishini banelizwe elithile, kodwa mna bendinomhlaba wonke. Ke, ibingamava ajonge kumgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle kunye nokhuseleko lwesizwe ngokwembono yokholo. Kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uMongameli Obama wayenenkokeli yokholo kule ndima, apho ndandihleli etafileni, ndahlala ngapha kweenkcubeko ezininzi ezazikhokelwa lukholo. Oku kubonelele ngenene ukuqonda, kwaye kwatshintsha i-paradigm, ndiyakholelwa, malunga nobudlelwane bezozakuzo kunye nediplomacy kwihlabathi liphela. Besibathathu abebezinkokheli zezenkolo kulawulo, siqhubele phambili sonke ekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo. Unozakuzaku uMiguel Diaz wayenguNozakuzaku kwiHoly See, eVatican. Unozakuzaku uMichael Battle wayenguNozakuzaku womanyano lwaseAfrika, yaye mna ndandingunozakuzaku weNkululeko yonqulo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ubukho babefundisi abathathu kwitafile yozakuzo babunenkqubela.

Njengenkokeli yezenkolo yase-Afrika-yaseMelika, bendiphambili kwiicawe neetempile nezindlu zesikhungu, kwaye nge-9/11, bendiphambili njengomfundisi wamapolisa apha kwisiXeko saseNew York. Kodwa ngoku, ekubeni ndikwinqanaba eliphezulu likarhulumente njengonozakuzaku, ndiye ndabubona ubomi nobunkokeli kwiimbono ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ndikhe ndahlala nabadala, uPope, ulutsha, iinkokheli zeNGO, iinkokheli zezenkolo, iinkokheli zamashishini, iinkokheli zakwarhulumente, sizama ukufumana umqobo kulo mbandela sithetha ngawo namhlanje, le nkomfa iphonononga.

Xa sizichaza, asikwazi ukuzahlula okanye singazichasanga ukuba singubani na, kwaye ngamnye wethu unenkcubeko enzulu – iingcambu zobuhlanga. Sinokholo; sineemo zenkolo ebuntwini bethu. Amazwe amaninzi endiye ndazibonakalisa phambi kwawo yayingamazwe apho ubuzwe nenkolo yayiyinxalenye yenkcubeko yabo. Kwaye ke, kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi ukuqonda ukuba kwakukho iileya ezininzi. Ndisandula ukubuya e-Abuja ngaphambi kokuba ndimke eNigeria, ilizwe lakulo Basil. Ekuthetheni namazwe ahlukeneyo, ibingeyonto inye othe wangena kuyo ukuze uthethe ngayo, kufuneka ujonge ukuntsonkotha kweenkcubeko kunye nobuhlanga kunye nezizwe ezibuyele emva kumakhulu eminyaka. Phantse zonke iinkolo kwaye phantse lonke ilizwe linohlobo oluthile lokwamkela, intsikelelo, ukuzinikela, ubuKristu, okanye iinkonzo zobomi obutsha njengoko bungena kwihlabathi. Kukho amasiko ahlukeneyo obomi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ophuhliso. Kukho izinto ezifana ne-bar mitzvahs kunye ne-bat mitzvahs kunye nezithethe zokupasa kunye neziqinisekiso. Ngoko ke, inkolo kunye nobuhlanga zibalulekile kumava omntu.

Iinkokeli ze-Ethno-zenkolo ziba zibalulekile kwingxoxo kuba azisoloko kufuneka zibe yinxalenye yeziko elisemthethweni. Enyanisweni, iinkokeli ezininzi zonqulo, abadlali kunye nabangeneleli banokuzahlula ngokwenene kwezinye ze-bureaucracy abaninzi bethu kufuneka bajongane nabo. Ndingakuxelela njengomfundisi, ukuya kwisebe likarhulumente kunye neengqimba ze-bureaucracy; Kwafuneka nditshintshe indlela endicinga ngayo. Kuye kwafuneka nditshintshe i-paradigm yam yengcinga kuba umfundisi kwicawe yase-Afrika-yaseMelika ngokwenene nguKumkanikazi weNyosi, okanye uKumkani weeNyosi, ukuze kuthiwe. Kwisebe likarhulumente, kufuneka uqonde ukuba ngoobani na iinqununu, kwaye ndandingumlomo kaMongameli wase-United States kunye noNobhala kaRhulumente, kwaye kwakukho iileyile ezininzi phakathi. Ke, ekubhaleni intetho, bendiya kuyithumela kwaye iya kubuya emva kokuba ibonwe ngamehlo ahlukeneyo angama-48. Kuya kwahluka kakhulu kunoko bendikuthumele ekuqaleni, kodwa bubugqeba kunye nolwakhiwo ekufuneka usebenze nalo. Iinkokeli zonqulo ezingekho kwiziko zinokuguqula ngokwenene kuba amaxesha amaninzi zikhululekile kumatyathanga amagunya. Kodwa, kwelinye icala, maxa wambi abantu abaziinkokeli zonqulo bavaleleka kwihlabathi labo elincinane, yaye baphila kwiqamza labo lonqulo. Bakumbono omncinci woluntu lwabo, kwaye xa bebona abantu abangahambi ngathi, bathetha ngathi, benza ngathi, bacinga njengabo, ngamanye amaxesha kukho ungquzulwano olukhoyo kwi-myopia yabo. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukujonga umfanekiso opheleleyo, nto leyo sijonge kuyo namhlanje. Xa abadlali bonqulo beye bachanabeka kwiimbono ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ngokwenene banokuba yinxalenye yomxube wokuxolelanisa nokwakha uxolo. Ndibe nelungelo lokuhlala etafileni xa uNobhala uClinton wenza into eyayibizwa ngokuba yiNgxoxo yeSicwangciso kunye noMbutho woLuntu. Iinkokeli ezininzi zezenkolo, iinkokheli zobuhlanga, kunye neenkokheli ze-NGO zamenywa etafileni norhulumente. Ibilithuba lencoko phakathi kwethu nelinika ithuba lokuthetha eyona nto siyikholelwayo. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho izitshixo ezininzi kwiindlela ze-ethno-zenkolo zokusombulula ingxabano kunye nokwakha uxolo.

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambilana, iinkokeli zonqulo neenkokeli zezizwe zimele zichanabeke ngokupheleleyo ebomini. Abanakukwazi ukuhlala kwilizwe labo kunye nakwizithintelo zabo ezincinci, kodwa kufuneka bavuleleke kububanzi bezinto ezinikezelwa luluntu. Apha kwisiXeko saseNew York, sineelwimi ezahlukahlukeneyo ezili-106 nezizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo ezili-108. Ke, kuya kufuneka ukwazi ukuvezwa kwihlabathi liphela. Andiqondi ukuba kwaba yiyo nayiphi na ingozi ukuba ndazalelwa eNew York, esona sixeko sineentlobo ngeentlobo ehlabathini. Kwisakhiwo sam endandihlala kuso kwibala lemidlalo laseYankee, kwindawo ababeyibiza ngokuba ngummandla waseMorrisania, kwakukho amagumbi ali-17 yaye kwakukho abantu bezizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo ezili-14 kumgangatho wam. Ngoko ke sikhule siziqonda ngokwenene iinkcubeko zomnye nomnye. Sakhula singabahlobo; yayingengo "ungumYuda kwaye ungowaseMelika weCaribbean, kwaye ungumAfrika," kunoko sakhula njengabahlobo kunye nabamelwane. Saqala ukuhlangana kwaye sikwazi ukubona umbono wehlabathi. Ngezipho zabo zokuphumelela, abantwana bam baya kwiiPhilippines naseHong Kong ngoko bangabemi behlabathi. Ndicinga ukuba iinkokeli zonqulo zimele ziqinisekise ukuba zingabemi behlabathi kungekhona nje ihlabathi lazo. Xa unyanisekile kwaye ungavezwanga, yiloo nto ekhokelela kunqulo olubaxiweyo kuba ucinga ukuba wonke umntu ucinga njengawe kwaye ukuba abakwenzi oko, baphumile. Xa kuchasene noko, ukuba awucingi njengehlabathi, uphumile entweni. Ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba kufuneka sijonge umfanekiso opheleleyo. Omnye wemithandazo endandihamba nayo endleleni njengoko ndandihamba ngenqwelomoya phantse zonke iiveki zaziphuma kwiTestamente eNdala, ezizizibhalo zamaYuda kuba amaKristu ngokwenene angamaKristu. Yayiphuma kwiTestamente eNdala ebizwa ngokuba “nguMthandazo kaYabhetse.” Ifumaneka kweyoku-1 yeziKronike 4:10 yaye enye inguqulelo ithi, “Nkosi, andise amathuba am ukuze ndichukumise ubomi obungakumbi ngenxa yakho, kungekhona ukuze ndizukiseke, kodwa ukuze uzukiswe ngakumbi.” Yayimalunga nokwandisa amathuba am, ndandise iingcinga zam, ndithathe indawo endingazange ndiye kuyo, ukuze ndibaqonde kwaye ndibaqonde abo basenokungafani nam. Ndiyifumene iluncedo kakhulu kwitafile yozakuzo nakubomi bam.

Into yesibini ekufuneka yenzeke kukuba oorhulumente benze iinzame zokuzisa iinkokeli zobuhlanga nezenkolo etafileni. Bekukho iStrategic Dialogue with Civil Society, kodwa bekukho ubambiswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala angeniswe kwisebe likarhulumente, kuba inye into endiyifundileyo kukuba ubenemali yokuphembelela lo mbono. Ngaphandle kokuba sinazo izixhobo esinazo, asiyi ndawo. Namhlanje, kwaba nesibindi ku-Basil ukuhlanganisa oku kodwa kuthatha imali ukuba kwindawo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye nokuhlanganisa ezi nkomfa. Ngoko ukudalwa kobudlelwane phakathi koluntu nabucala kubalulekile, kwaye okwesibini, ukuba neengqungquthela zeenkokheli zokholo. Iinkokeli zenkolo aziphelelanga nje kubefundisi, kodwa nakwabo bangamalungu amaqela enkolo, nabani na ochonga njengeqela lenkolo. Ibandakanya izithethe ezintathu zika-Abraham, kodwa kunye neengcali zenzululwazi kunye ne-Baha'is kunye nezinye iinkolo ezizibonakalisa njengokholo. Ngoko kufuneka sikwazi ukumamela kwaye sibe neencoko.

Basil, ndiniqhwabela izandla ngenene ngenkalipho yokusihlanganisa ngale ntsasa, yinkalipho kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu.

Masimnike isandla.

(Kwaqhwatywa)

Kwaye kwiqela lakho, ngubani oncedileyo ukudibanisa oku.

Ke ndiyakholelwa ukuba zonke iinkokeli zonqulo nezobuhlanga zinokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyabhencwa. Kwaye loo rhulumente akakwazi nje ukubona imbono yabo, noluntu lwezenkolo alukwazi nje ukubona imbono yabo, kodwa zonke ezo nkokeli kufuneka zihlangane. Amaxesha amaninzi, iinkokeli zenkolo nezobuhlanga zirhanelwa ngenene koorhulumente kuba zikholelwa ukuba bakhaphe umgca weqela kwaye ke kufanele ukuba kubalulekile ukuba nabani na ahlale etafileni kunye.

Into yesithathu ekufuneka yenzeke kukuba iinkokeli zonqulo nezobuhlanga kufuneka zenze iinzame zokusebenzisana nezinye iintlanga neenkolo ezingezizo ezazo. Kanye ngaphambi kwe-9/11, bendingumfundisi eManhattan esezantsi apho ndiya khona emva kwale nkomfa namhlanje. Ndandingumfundisi eyona cawa indala yaseBhaptizi kwisiXeko saseNew York, yayibizwa ngokuba yiMariners Temple. Ndandingumfundisi wokuqala olibhinqa kwimbali yeminyaka engama-200 yeecawe zamaBhaptizi aseMelika. Kwaye ngoko nangoko indenze ndaba yinxalenye yento abayibiza ngokuba “ziicawa eziziintsika eziphakamileyo,” ukutsho. Icawe yam yayinkulu, sakhula ngokukhawuleza. Yandivumela ukuba ndisebenzisane nabefundisi abafana neTrinity Church eWall Street naseMarble Collegiate. Umfundisi ongasekhoyo weMarble Collegiate yayinguArthur Caliandro. Kwaye ngelo xesha, abantwana abaninzi babenyamalala okanye babulawa eNew York. Wabizela ndawonye abefundisi abakhulu. Sasiliqela labefundisi nee-imam noorabhi. Yayibandakanya oorabhi beTempile Emmanuel, kunye nee-imams zemosque kuso sonke isiXeko saseNew York. Kwaye sadibana kwaye sayila into eyayibizwa ngokuba yiNtsebenziswano yoKholo yesiXeko saseNew York. Ngoko, xa kwenzeka i-9/11 sasisele singamaqabane, yaye kwakunganyanzelekanga ukuba sizame ukuqonda iinkonzo ezahlukeneyo, sasisele sikunye. Yayingengombandela nje wokuhlala phantsi kwetafile sitye isidlo sakusasa kunye, nto leyo esasiyenza inyanga nenyanga. Kodwa yayimalunga nokuba nenjongo malunga nokuqonda iinkcubeko zomnye nomnye. Sasinemicimbi yolonwabo kunye, sasitshintshiselana ngeepulpiti. I-mosque inokuba setempileni okanye i-mosque inokuba secaweni, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo. Sabelana ngemisedare ngexesha lePasika kunye nazo zonke iziganeko ukuze sivisisane ngokwasentlalweni. Asiyi kucwangcisa isidlo xa iRamadan. Sasiqondana yaye sihlonelana yaye safunda omnye komnye. Sasilihlonipha ixesha lokuzila ukutya kunqulo oluthile, okanye xa yayiziintsuku ezingcwele kumaYuda, okanye xa iyiKrismesi, okanye iIsta, okanye nawaphi na amaxesha onyaka awayebalulekile kuthi. Saqala ukunqumla ngenene. Intsebenziswano yokholo yesiXeko saseNew York iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwaye iphila kwaye njengoko abefundisi abatsha kunye nee-imam ezintsha kunye noorabhi abatsha besiza esixekweni, sele beneqela elisebenzisanayo elisebenzisanayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba singahlali nje ngaphandle kwelizwe lethu, kodwa sisebenzisane nabanye ukuze sifunde.

Mandikuxelele ukuba iphi intliziyo yam yokwenyani-ayingomsebenzi wenkolo nobuhlanga kuphela, kodwa kukwafuneka ibe kukuqukana ngokwenkolo-uhlanga-ngokwesini. Abasetyhini bebengekho kwiitafile zokwenziwa kwezigqibo kunye nezozakuzo, kodwa bakhona ekusonjululweni kongquzulwano. Amava anamandla kum yayikukutyelela eLiberia, eNtshona Afrika yaye ndihleli namabhinqa aye azisa uxolo eLiberia. Ababini kubo baba ngabaphumelele iBhaso loXolo lweNobel. Bazisa uxolo eLiberia ngexesha apho kwakukho imfazwe eqatha phakathi kwamaSilamsi namaKristu, yaye amadoda ayebulalana. Abafazi banxibe ezimhlophe bathi ababuyi ekhaya kwaye akukho nto bayenzayo de kubekho uxolo. Badibana njengabafazi abangamaSilamsi namaKristu. Benza ityathanga labantu ukuya kutsho ePalamente, baza bahlala embindini wesitrato. Abafazi ababedibana kwindawo yentengiso bathi sithenga kunye ngoko kufuneka sizise uxolo kunye. Yaba yinguquko eLiberia.

Ngoko ke abafazi kufuneka babe yinxalenye yengxoxo yokusombulula impixano kunye nokwakha uxolo. Amabhinqa azisa uxolo nokucombulula iingxabano afumana inkxaso kwiintlangano zonqulo nezobuhlanga ehlabathini lonke. Abasetyhini bathanda ukujongana nokwakhiwa kobudlelwane, kwaye bayakwazi ukufikelela kwimigca yoxinzelelo ngokulula kakhulu. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sibe nabafazi etafileni, kuba ngaphandle kokungabikho kwabo kwitafile yokwenza izigqibo, abafazi bokholo sele bephambi kokwakha uxolo hayi eLiberia kuphela kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngoko ke kufuneka sishukumise amagama adlulileyo kwizenzo, kwaye sifune indlela yokuba abafazi bafakwe, bamanyelwe, baxhotyiswe ukusebenzela uxolo kwindawo yethu. Nangona bengachatshazelwa ngokulinganayo kungquzulwano, abasetyhini bebengumqolo weemvakalelo nangokomoya woluntu ngamaxesha okuhlaselwa. Baye bahlanganisa uluntu lwethu ukuba lube noxolo kwaye balamle iingxabano kwaye bafumana iindlela zokunceda uluntu ukuba luhlukane nobundlobongela. Xa ujongile, abasetyhini bamele i-50% yabemi, ngoko ke ukuba ungabandakanyi abafazi kwezi ngxoxo, sichasa iimfuno zesiqingatha sabantu bonke.

Ndingathanda ukukuncoma enye imodeli. Ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yeNgxoxo eZinzileyo. Ndibe nethamsanqa kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ukuhlala nomseki waloo modeli, indoda egama linguHarold Saunders. Bazinze eWashington DC Le modeli isetyenziselwe ukusombulula impixano yenkolo kwiikholeji ezingama-45. Bazisa iinkokeli kunye ukuzisa uxolo ukusuka kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ukuya ekholejini ukuya kubantu abadala. Izinto ezenzekayo ngale ndlela yokusebenza zibandakanya ukuphembelela iintshaba ukuba zithethe omnye komnye kwaye uzinike ithuba lokuzikhupha. Ibanika ithuba lokukhala nokukhwaza ukuba kufuneka benze njalo kuba ekugqibeleni bayadinwa kukukhwaza nokukhwaza, kwaye kufuneka bayichaze ingxaki. Abantu kufuneka bakwazi ukuyichaza into abanomsindo ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha yingxabano yembali kwaye iqhubekile iminyaka kunye neminyaka. Ngexesha elithile oku kufuneka kuphele, kufuneka bavule kwaye baqale ukwabelana kungekuphela nje into abanomsindo ngayo, kodwa yintoni na amathuba okuba sidlule kulo msindo. Kufuneka beze kwimvumelwano ethile. Ke, indlela yeNgxoxo eZinzileyo nguHarold Saunders yinto endiyincomayo kuwe.

Ndikwaseke into ebizwa ngokuba yi-pro-voice movement yabasetyhini. Kwihlabathi lam, apho ndandinguMthunywa, yayiyintshukumo yolondolozo kakhulu. Kwakusoloko kufuneka uchonge ukuba ngaba ungumntu oxhasa ubomi okanye upro-choice. Into yam kukuba isemncinci kakhulu. Ezo yayiziinketho ezimbini ezisikelwe umda, kwaye zazivela kumadoda ngokwesiqhelo. I-ProVoice yintshukumo eNew York ezisa ngokuyintloko abasetyhini abaMnyama nabaseLatino okokuqala ngqa kwitafile enye.

Siye sahlala kunye, sikhule kunye, kodwa asizange sibe kunye etafileni. I-Pro-voice ithetha ukuba ilizwi ngalinye libalulekile. Wonke umfazi unelizwi kuwo onke amabala obomi bakhe, kungekhona nje inkqubo yethu yokuzala, kodwa sinelizwi kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo. Kwiipakethi zenu, intlanganiso yokuqala ingoLwesithathu ozayo, ngo-Oktobha 8th apha eNew York kwisakhiwo seeofisi zeLizwe laseHarlem. Ngoko ke abo balapha, nceda uzive wamkelekile ukuba bazibandakanye nathi. Obekekileyo uGayle Brewer, ongumongameli wesithili saseManhattan, uzakube encokola nathi. Sithetha ngabasetyhini abaphumeleleyo, kwaye bangabikho ngasemva ebhasini, okanye ngasemva kwegumbi. Ke zombini iProVoice Movement kunye neSustained Dialogue zijonga iingxaki ezisemva kweengxaki, ayizizo iindlela nje, kodwa ziyimizimba yokucinga nokuziqhelanisa. Siqhubela phambili njani kunye? Ke sinethemba lokukhulisa, ukumanya, kunye nokwandisa amazwi abantu basetyhini ngentshukumo yeProVoice. Ikwi-intanethi ngokunjalo. Sinewebhusayithi, provoicemovement.com.

Kodwa zisekelwe kubudlelwane. Sakha ubudlelwane. Ubudlelwane bubalulekile kwingxoxo kunye nolamlo, kwaye ekugqibeleni uxolo. Xa uxolo luphumelela, wonke umntu uyaphumelela.

Ngoko into esiyijongileyo yile mibuzo ilandelayo: Sisebenzisana njani? Sinxibelelana njani? Siyifumana njani imvisiswano? Sakha njani imbumba-nye? Enye yezinto endazifundayo kurhulumente kukuba akukho qumrhu linokuphinda likwazi ukwenza oko lilodwa. Okokuqala, awunawo amandla, okwesibini, awunayo imali, kwaye okokugqibela, kukho amandla amaninzi xa usenza kunye. Ningahamba imayile enye okanye ezimbini kunye. Akufuni nje ukwakha ubudlelwane, kodwa nokuphulaphula. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba kukho nasiphi na isakhono abanaso abafazi, kukuphulaphula, singabaphulaphuli abakhulu. Ezi ziintshukumo zokujonga ihlabathi kwi21st kwinkulungwane. ENew York siza kugxila ekuhlanganeni kwabaMnyama namaLatinas. EWashington, siza kujonga iinkululeko kunye nabalondolozi beza kunye. La maqela ngamabhinqa acwangciswa ngobuchule botshintsho. Utshintsho alunakuphepheka xa simamelana kwaye simamelana esekwe kubudlelwane/ngonxibelelwano.

Ndingathanda ukuncoma ukufunda kunye nezinye iinkqubo kuwe. Incwadi yokuqala endiyincomayo kuwe ibizwa ngokuba IiTestamente ezintathu nguBrian Arthur Brown. Yincwadi enkulu eshinyeneyo. Kubonakala ngathi le nto besiyibiza ngokuba yiencyclopedia. IneKoran, ineTestamente eNtsha, ineTestamente Endala. Ngamatestamente amathathu kunye avavanya iinkolo ezintathu eziphambili zika-Abraham, kwaye sijonge kwiindawo esinokufumana ukufana kunye nokuqhelekileyo. Kwipakethi yakho kukho ikhadi lencwadi yam entsha ebizwa Ukuba ngumfazi weDestiny. Iphepha liphuma ngomso. Inokuba yeyona nto ithengiswa kakhulu ukuba ungena kwi-Intanethi kwaye uyifumane! Isekelwe kwibhayibhile uDeborah evela kwizibhalo zamaYuda-zobuKristu kwincwadi yaBagwebi. Wayengumfazi wekamva. Wayenamacala amaninzi, wayengumgwebi, wayengumprofetikazi, kwaye wayengumfazi. Ijonga indlela awabulawula ngayo ubomi bakhe ukuzisa uxolo kuluntu lwakhe. Isalathiso sesithathu endifuna ukukunika sona sibizwa Inkolo, ungquzulwano kunye nokwakha uxolo, kwaye iyafumaneka nge-USAID. Ithetha ngento ephononongwa ngolu suku namhlanje. Ndiya kuyincoma le nto kuni. Kwabo banomdla kwabasetyhini kunye nokwakha uxolo ngokwenkolo; kukho incwadi ebizwa Abasetyhini abakuLwakhiwo loXolo lweNkolo. Yenziwa yiBerkely Centre ngokubambisana ne-United States Institute of Peace. Kwaye eyokugqibela yinkqubo yeSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-Operation Understanding. Idibanisa abafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo abangamaJuda nabamaMelika. Bahlala kunye bejikeleza itafile. Bahamba kunye. Bangena kuMazantsi aMazantsi, baya kuMbindi-ntshona, baze bangene eMantla. Baya phesheya kweelwandle ukuze baqonde iinkcubeko zomnye nomnye. Isonka samaYuda sinokuba yinto enye kwaye isonka esiMnyama sinokuba sisonka sombona, kodwa sizifumana njani iindawo esinokuhlala kuzo size sifunde kunye? Kwaye aba bafundi beSikolo samaBanga aPhakamileyo bayayiguqula le nto sizama ukuyenza malunga nokwakha uxolo nokusombulula impixano. Bachitha ixesha elithile kwaSirayeli. Baya kuqhubeka bechitha ixesha elithile kolu hlanga. Ngoko ke ndincoma ezi nkqubo kuni.

Ndiqinisekile ukuba kufuneka simamele izinto ezithethwa ngabantu abasemhlabeni. Bathini abantu abahlala kwezona meko? Kuhambo lwam kumazwe angaphandle, bendifuna ukuva ukuba abantu abakumgangatho ophantsi bathini na. Yinto enye into yokuba neenkokheli zenkolo nezobuhlanga, kodwa abo bakwinqanaba elisezantsi banokuqalisa ukwabelana ngamaphulo akhuthazayo abawathathayo. Ngamanye amaxesha izinto zisebenza ngesakhiwo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi zisebenza ngenxa yokuba zilungelelaniswe zodwa. Ngoko ke ndiye ndafunda ukuba asikwazi ukungena ngeengcinga zangaphambili ezibekwe ematyeni malunga nokuba iqela lifuna ukufezekisa ntoni kwintsimi yoxolo okanye ukusombulula iingxabano. Yinkqubo yentsebenziswano eyenzeka ngokuhamba kwexesha. Asinakungxama kuba imeko ayizange ifikelele kwelo nqanaba linzima ngexeshana elifutshane. Njengoko benditshilo, ngamanye amaxesha ngamaleya kunye neengqimba zobunzima obuye baqhubeka kwiminyaka, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, amakhulu eminyaka. Ngoko kufuneka silungele ukutsala umva iileya, njengeengqimba zetswele. Into ekufuneka siyiqonde kukuba utshintsho lwexesha elide alwenzeki kwangoko. Oorhulumente bodwa abanako ukuyenza loo nto. Kodwa thina sikweli gumbi, iinkokeli zenkolo nezobuhlanga ezizimiseleyo kule nkqubo zingayenza. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba sonke siyaphumelela xa uxolo luphumelela. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba sifuna ukuqhubeka sisenza umsebenzi olungileyo kuba umsebenzi olungileyo ufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ngaba bekungayi kuba kuhle ukuba amaphephandaba ebenokugubungela iziganeko ezinjengalezi, ngokumalunga nokugubungela iziganeko apho ngokwenene abantu bazama ukunika uxolo ithuba? Kukho ingoma ethi "Makubekho uxolo emhlabeni kwaye mayiqale ngam." Ndiyathemba namhlanje ukuba siyiqalile loo nkqubo, nangobukho bakho, nangobunkokeli bakho, ekusihlanganiseni sonke. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ngokwenene sibeke inotshi kweli bhanti malunga nokusondela eluxolweni. Kuluvuyo lwam ukuba ndibe nani, ukwabelana nani, ndingakuvuyela ukuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo.

Enkosi kakhulu ngeli thuba lokuba ube ngumxholo wakho wokuqala kwinkomfa yakho yokuqala.

Enkosi kakhulu.

Intetho enguNdoqo kaNozakuzaku uSuzan Johnson Cook kwiNkomfa yokuQala yoNyaka yeZizwe ngezizwe yokuSombulula iingxabano zobuhlanga nezonqulo kunye nokwakha uxolo ebibanjwe ngo-Oktobha 1, 2014 kwisiXeko saseNew York, eUnited States.

Unozakuzaku uSuzan Johnson Cook nguNozakuzaku weSithathu kuBanzi kwiNkululeko yoNqulo yaMazwe ngaMazwe e-United States of America.

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Amanqaku Afana

Iinkonzo e-Igboland: Ukwahluka, Ukufaneleka kunye nokubakho

Unqulo sesinye seziganeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinefuthe elingenakuphikiswa eluntwini naphina ehlabathini. Njengobungcwele njengoko kubonakala ngathi, inkolo ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ubukho babemi bomthonyama kodwa ikwanayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wokubaluleka kwimeko yobuhlanga kunye nophuhliso. Ubungqina bembali kunye ne-ethnographic kwiibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namagama okwenziwa kweziganeko zenkolo zininzi. Isizwe sama-Igbo kuMazantsi eNigeria, kumacala omabini oMlambo iNiger, lelinye lawona maqela makhulu enkcubeko yabarhwebi abamnyama eAfrika, anenzondelelo yenkolo engathandabuzekiyo ebandakanya uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yemveli. Kodwa imeko yonqulo yaseIgboland ihlala iguquka. Ukuza kuthi ga kowe-1840, eyona nkolo ibalaseleyo yamaIgbo yayiyeyemveli okanye yemveli. Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, xa kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu kuloo mmandla, kwabakho umkhosi omtsha owawuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ulungelelanise inkangeleko yonqulo lwaloo mmandla. UbuKristu bakhula baba ncinane kakhulu kulawulo lwamva. Phambi kwekhulu leminyaka yobuKristu e-Igboland, amaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo ezingaphantsi kwe-hegemonic zavela ukuze zikhuphisane neenkolo zemveli zaseIgbo kunye nobuKristu. Eli phepha lilandelela iiyantlukwano zenkolo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo e-Igboland. Itsala idatha yayo kwimisebenzi epapashiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nezinto zobugcisa. Iphikisa ukuba njengoko iinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yenkolo ye-Igbo iya kuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kunye / okanye ukulungelelanisa, nokuba kukubandakanya okanye ukuhluka phakathi kweenkolo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo, ukuze kuphile i-Igbo.

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Indima yokunciphisa iNkolo kwi-Pyongyang-Washington Relations

UKim Il-sung wenza ukugembula okubalwayo kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela njengoMongameli weDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) ngokukhetha ukusingatha iinkokeli zonqulo ezimbini ePyongyang iimbono zehlabathi zahluke kabukhali kweyakhe kunye neyomnye nomnye. UKim wamkela kuqala uMseki weCawa yoManyano lweBandla uSun Myung Moon kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uGqr. Hak Ja Han Moon ePyongyang ngoNovemba 1991, kwaye ngoAprili 1992 wabamba uMvangeli waseMelika uBilly Graham nonyana wakhe uNed. Zombini iiNyanga kunye neeGrahams bezinobudlelwane bangaphambili nePyongyang. UNyanga kunye nenkosikazi yakhe bobabini babeyinzalelwane yaseMantla. Umfazi kaGraham uRuth, intombi yabavangeli baseMelika eTshayina, wayechithe iminyaka emithathu ePyongyang njengomfundi wesikolo esiphakathi. Iintlanganiso zeNyanga kunye neeGrahams kunye noKim zibe neziphumo zokuqalwa kunye nentsebenziswano eyinzuzo kuMantla. Oku kwaqhubeka phantsi konyana kaMongameli uKim uKim Jong-il (1942-2011) naphantsi kwangoku iNkokeli ePhakamileyo yaseDPRK uKim Jong-un, umzukulwana kaKim Il-sung. Akukho rekhodi yentsebenziswano phakathi kweNyanga kunye namaqela aseGraham ekusebenzeni ne-DPRK; nangona kunjalo, ngamnye uthabathe inxaxheba kumanyathelo okuqala kaTrack II athe anceda kwaye ngamanye amaxesha athomalalise umgaqo-nkqubo we-US ngokubhekiselele kwi-DPRK.

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