Ukuchithwa kwezixhobo ngexesha leMfazwe yoBuzwe kunye neNkolo: Umbono we-UN
Intetho ehloniphekileyo eyenziwa kwiNkomfa yeZizwe ngezizwe ye-2015 kwiSisombululo seNgqungquthela yezobuhlanga kunye neNkolo kunye nokwakhiwa koXolo ebanjwe eNew York ngo-Oktobha 10, i-2015 yi-International Centre ye-Ethno-Religious Mediation.
Somlomo:
UCurtis Raynold, uNobhala, uNobhala-Jikelele weBhodi yeeNgcebiso kwiMicimbi ye-Disarmament, i-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeMicimbi ye-Disarmament, i-United Nations Headquarters, eNew York.
Kundivuyisa kakhulu ukuba lapha kusasa ukuba ndithethe nawe malunga nomsebenzi weZizwe eziManyeneyo, ngokukodwa, i-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwiMicimbi ye-Disarmament Affairs (UNODA) kunye nemizamo yayo yokujongana nayo yonke imithombo yongquzulwano oluxhobileyo ngokwembono. yokuthotywa kwezixhobo.
Ndiyabulela kwiZiko leZizwe ngezizwe le-Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM) ngokuququzelela le ngqungquthela ebalulekileyo. Iza njengoko siphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-70 yoMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo obuphambili kwiinzame zokudala uxolo kunye nokuthintela ungquzulwano kwihlabathi liphela iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe. Ngoko ke, sincoma umsebenzi onzima wemibutho yoluntu efana neyakho ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezizezinye zokuthintela nokusombulula iingxabano ezixhobileyo kunye nokufundisa abantu malunga neengozi zongquzulwano phakathi kwezizwe kunye neenkolo.
Imibutho yoluntu yenze igalelo elikhulu kwintsimi yokuthotywa kwezixhobo ngokunjalo, kwaye i-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeMicimbi yokuChithwa kwezixhobo inombulelo kakhulu ngomsebenzi wabo kulo mba.
Njengomakadebona kumaphulo amathandathu okugcina uxolo eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, ndiye ndazibonela ndaza ndazi kakuhle, umonakalo ohlala ixesha elide kwibutho labantu, wemekobume nowezoqoqosho oye wabangelwa ziimfazwe kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Njengoko sonke sisazi, ungquzulwano olunjalo lunoonobangela abaninzi, unqulo nobuhlanga zimbini kuphela kuzo. Iingxwabangxwaba zisenokuphenjelelwa liqela lezinye izizathu ekufuneka ziconjululwe ngemilinganiselo efanelekileyo ejongene ngqo noonobangela abathile, kuquka abo banemvelaphi yonqulo neyobuhlanga.
Oogxa bam kwiSebe leMicimbi yezoPolitiko, ngakumbi, abo bakwiYunithi yeNkxaso yokuLamla, banegunya lokufumana amanyathelo afanelekileyo okujongana noonobangela bongquzulwano bazo zonke iintlobo kwaye baye basasaza uluhlu olubanzi lwemithombo yobutyebi kwiindawo ezininzi zongquzulwano kunye. ukusebenza kakuhle. Ezi nzame, nangona zisebenza kakhulu kwezinye iimeko, zona ngokwazo azanelanga ukujongana ngokupheleleyo nongquzulwano oluxhobileyo lwazo zonke iintlobo. Ukujongana ngokufanelekileyo nongquzulwano oluxhobileyo kubandakanya ukujongana nezizathu zabo ezisisiseko kunye neziphumo zabo ezibuhlungu, i-UN itsala kuluhlu olubanzi lobuchule.
Ngokuphathelele oku, amasebe awahlukahlukeneyo akwinkqubo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ayasebenzisana ukuze azise ubuncwane bawo obukhethekileyo nabasebenzi ukuze bahlangabezane nengxaki yongquzulwano ngezixhobo. La masebe aquka iOfisi yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ejongene neMicimbi yokuthotywa kwezixhobo, iSebe lezoPolitiko, iSebe Lokugcina Uxolo (DPKO), iSebe Lenkonzo Yasentsimini (DFS) namanye amaninzi.
Oku kundizisa kumsebenzi weOfisi yeMicimbi yokuChithwa kwezixhobo kunye nendima yayo ekuthinteleni nasekusonjululweni kongquzulwano ngezixhobo. Indima yethu kwinto eyinzame yentsebenziswano, kukunciphisa ukufumaneka kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziphembelela impixano. Umxholo wale ngxubusho yeqela: “Ukuthotywa kwezixhobo ebudeni beMfazwe yoBuzwe neyoNqulo” kubonakala ngathi kusenokubakho indlela ekhethekileyo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo kwimeko yongquzulwano lonqulo nolobuhlanga. Mandicace kwasekuqaleni: I-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeMicimbi yokuChithwa kweZigalo ayahluli phakathi kweentlobo ngeentlobo zongquzulwano oluxhobileyo kwaye yamkela indlela efanayo ekuphumezeni isigunyaziso sayo sokuthotywa kwezixhobo. Ngokuthotywa kwezixhobo, sinethemba lokunciphisa ukufumaneka kwazo zonke iintlobo zezixhobo ngoku eziphembelela iimfazwe zonqulo, ubuhlanga, kunye nezinye iimfazwe kwihlabathi liphela.
Ukuthotywa kwezixhobo, kumxholo wazo zonke iingxabano, nokuba zezobuhlanga, ezenkolo, okanye zibandakanya ukuqokelela, amaxwebhu, ulawulo kunye nokulahlwa kwezixhobo ezincinci, iimbumbulu, iziqhushumbisi kunye nezixhobo ezilula kunye ezinzima ezivela kubalo. Injongo kukunciphisa kwaye ekugqibeleni kupheliswe ubukho obungalawulwayo bezixhobo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuthotywe amathuba okuqhubela phambili ungquzulwano lwalo naluphi na uhlobo.
IOfisi yethu isebenzela ukuxhasa nokukhuthaza izivumelwano zolawulo lwezixhobo njengoko ezi zivumelwano zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekudambiseni ungquzulwano kwimbali yokuthotywa kwezixhobo. Basebenze njengamanyathelo okwakha ukuzithemba, bebonelela ngeendlela kunye nethuba lokuzisa amaqela aphikisanayo kwitafile yothethathethwano.
ISivumelwano soRhwebo lwezixhobo kunye neNkqubo yokuSebenza, umzekelo, zizixhobo ezibini ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinokuthi uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luzisebenzise njengezikhuselo ezichasene nokudluliselwa ngokungekho mthethweni, ukuqokelela kozinzo kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezithi, rhoqo, zisetyenziselwa ukuqhubela phambili ubuhlanga, inkolo. , kunye nezinye iingxabano.
I-ATT esandula ukwamkelwa yiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ijolise ekusekeni eyona migangatho iphezulu ifanayo yamazwe ngamazwe yokulawula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo, nokuthintela nokuphelisa urhwebo olungekho mthethweni lwezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwazo. Ithemba lelokuba ngolawulo olwandisiweyo lorhwebo lwezixhobo umlinganiselo omkhulu woxolo kwiindawo zongquzulwano uya kuzaliseka.
Njengoko uNobhala-Jikelele ebetshilo mvanje, “iSivumelwano soRhwebo lweZixhobo sinikela idinga lehlabathi elinoxolo ngakumbi size siphelise umsantsa ocacileyo wokuziphatha kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngaphandle kwendima yayo ekuxhaseni ukwamkelwa kweSivumelwano sokuRhweba ngeziXhobo, i-Ofisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeMicimbi yokuChithwa kweZigalo yongamela iNkqubo yokuSebenza yokuThintela, ukuNqanda kunye nokuPhelisa uRhwebo olungekho mthethweni lwezixhobo ezincinci kunye neziKhala kuzo zonke iinkalo zayo. Linyathelo elibalulekileyo elixhaswa yiZizwe eziManyeneyo elasekwa ngeminyaka yoo-1990 ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezincinci kunye nezixhobo ezilula ngokukhuthaza ulawulo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kumazwe athatha inxaxheba.
IBhunga Lokhuseleko leZizwe Ezimanyeneyo nalo linendima ebalulekileyo ekuthotyweni kwezixhobo ngenjongo yokuphelisa ungquzulwano lobuzwe, unqulo nezinye. Ngo-Agasti ka-2014, iBhunga lezoKhuseleko lamkela isigqibo malunga nezoyikiso kuxolo nokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe olubangelwa zizenzo zobunqolobi [1], ngokubhekisele ngqo kwisoyikiso esibangelwa ngabanqolobi bamazwe angaphandle. Ngokuphawulekayo, iBhunga liphinde laqinisekisa isigqibo salo sokuba amazwe kufuneka athintele ukunikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, ukuthengiswa, okanye ukuhanjiswa kwezixhobo kwi-Islamic State e-Iraq kunye ne-Levant (ISIL), i-Al Nusrah Front (ANF) kunye nabo bonke abantu, amaqela, imisebenzi, kunye amaqumrhu anxulumene ne-Al-Qaida.[2]
Ukuqukumbela, ndiye ndazama ukuphosa ukukhanya kumsebenzi weOfisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeMicimbi yokuChithwa kwezixhobo kunye nendima ebalulekileyo yokuthotywa kwezixhobo ekusombululeni iingxabano zobuhlanga, ezenkolo nezinye. Ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo, njengoko uqokelele ngoku, yinxalenye kuphela yenxaki. Umsebenzi wethu kwiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ukuphelisa ungquzulwano lobuzwe, unqulo, nezinye iintlobo zongquzulwano yinzame ehlangeneyo yeenxalenye ezininzi zenkqubo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Kuphela kungokusebenzisa ubuchule obukhethekileyo bamacandelo ahlukahlukeneyo enkqubo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo esinokuthi sikwazi ukujongana noonobangela bongquzulwano bonqulo, lobuzwe nolunye ngendlela esebenzayo.
[1] S/RES/2171 (2014), 21 Agasti 2014.
[2] S/RES/2170 (2014), op 10.
