Ityala le-Ethno-Religious Identity

 

Kweneke ntoni? Imvelaphi yezembali kungquzulwano

Ityala lesazisi sonqulo lungquzulwano phakathi kwentloko yedolophu kunye nomfundisi weCawa yobuOthodoki. UJamal ngumSilamsi ohlonitshwayo, ungowakwa-Oromo, kunye nentloko yedolophu encinci kwingingqi ye-Oromia entshona ye-Ethiopia. UDaniel ngumKristu wamaOthodoki, inzalelwane yase-Amhara, kunye nomfundisi ohlonitshwayo weCawa yobuOthodoki yaseTopiya kwidolophu enye.

Ukusukela oko wathatha isikhundla sakhe ngo-2016, uJamal waziwa ngeenzame zakhe zophuhliso lwedolophu. Wasebenzisana nabantu abaninzi ekuhlaleni ukunyusa imali kunye nokwakha isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, idolophu eyayingenaso ngaphambili. Uye waqatshelwa ngento ayenzileyo kumacandelo ezempilo neenkonzo. Unconywa ngoosomashishini abaninzi kunye nabasetyhini ngokuququzelela iinkonzo zenkxaso-mali encinci kunye nenkxaso kubanini bamashishini amancinci edolophini. Nangona ethathwa njengentshatsheli yotshintsho, ugxekwa ngabanye ngokunika impatho ekhethekileyo kumalungu eqela lakhe - ama-Oromos obuhlanga kunye namaSilamsi - kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zolawulo, ezentlalo, kunye nezoshishino.

UDaniel ebekhonza iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseTopiya iminyaka emalunga namashumi amathathu. Njengoko wazalelwa edolophini, waziwa kakhulu ngothando lwakhe, inkonzo engadinwayo nothando olungagungqiyo kubuKristu kunye necawe. Emva kokuba ngumfundisi ngowama-2005, wanikela ubomi bakhe kwinkonzo yecawa yakhe, ngoxa wayekhuthaza amaKristu aselula angamaOthodoki ukuba asebenzele icawa yawo. Ungoyena mbingeleli uthandwayo sisizukulwana esitsha. Ukwadume ngokulwela amalungelo omhlaba wecawe. Wada wavula ityala ecela urhulumente ukuba abuyisele iziza zecawa ezazithinjwe ngurhulumente wangaphambili.

Aba bantu babini baziwayo babebandakanyeke kungquzulwano ngenxa yesicwangciso solawulo lukaJamal lokwakha iziko loshishino kwindawo leyo, ngokutsho komfundisi kunye nesininzi samaKristu obuOthodoki, ngokwembali iyinxalenye yeCawa yobuOthodoki kwaye yaziwa ngendawo. kubhiyozelwa i-epiphany. U-Jamal uyalele iqela labaphathi bakhe ukuba liphawule indawo kunye nee-arhente zokwakha ukuqala ukwakhiwa kweziko loshishino. Umfundisi uDaniel wenza ikhwelo kwamanye amaKristu angamaOthodoki ukuba akhusele umhlaba wawo kwaye azikhusele kuhlaselo lwenkolo yawo egameni lophuhliso. Lilandela ikhwelo lomfundisi, iqela lamaKristu aselula angamaOthodoki layisusa imiqondiso laza lavakalisa ukuba ukwakhiwa kweli ziko kufanele kuyekwe. Baqhankqalaza phambi kweofisi yentloko yedolophu, yaye olo qhankqalazo lwaba lugonyamelo. Ngenxa yongquzulwano olunogonyamelo olwaqhambuka phakathi kwabaqhankqalazi namapolisa, amaKristu amabini aselula angamaOthodoki abulawa. Urhulumente wobumbano wayalela ukuba isicwangciso sokwakha masime ngoko nangoko, kwaye wabiza bobabini uJamal nomfundisi uDaniel kwikomkhulu ukuze baqhube uthetha-thethwano.

Amabali omnye komnye — umntu ngamnye uyiqonda njani imeko nokuba kutheni

Ibali likaJamal -UMbingeleli uDaniyeli kunye nabalandeli bakhe abancinci bangumqobo ekuphuhliseni

Isikhundla:

Umbingeleli uDaniyeli kufuneka ayeke ukuthintela iinzame zophuhliso lwedolophu. Ufanele ayeke ukukhuthaza ulutsha olungamaKristu ukuba lubandakanyeke kugonyamelo egameni lenkululeko yonqulo nelungelo. Kufuneka asamkele isigqibo solawulo aze asebenzisane ekwakhiweni kweziko. 

Inzala:

Development: Njengentloko yedolophu, ndinoxanduva lokuphuhlisa idolophu. Asinalo iziko loshishino elilungelelanisiweyo elisebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yeshishini. Imakethi yethu yezemveli kakhulu, ayicwangciswanga kwaye ayinamsebenzi wokwandiswa kweshishini. Iidolophu kunye nezixeko ezingabamelwane zineendawo zamashishini amakhulu apho abathengi kunye nabathengisi banxibelelana ngokulula. Silahlekelwa ngamadoda nabasetyhini abanokuba ngamashishini njengoko befudukela kumaziko amakhulu kwiidolophu ezikufutshane. Abantu bethu banyanzeleka ukuba baxhomekeke kwezinye iidolophu xa bethenga. Ukwakhiwa kweziko loshishino olulungelelanisiweyo kuya kuba negalelo ekukhuleni kwedolophu yethu ngokutsala amadoda nabasetyhini abangoosomashishini. 

Amathuba okuqeshwa: Ukwakhiwa kweziko loshishino akuzukunceda abanini bamashishini kuphela, koko kuza kudalela abantu bethu amathuba engqesho. Isicwangciso kukwakha iziko loshishino elikhulu eliza kudala amathuba emisebenzi kumakhulu amadoda nabasetyhini. Oku kuya kunceda isizukulwana sethu esitsha. Oku kungenxa yethu sonke hayi kwiqela elithile labantu. Injongo yethu kukuphuhlisa idolophu yethu; hayi ukuhlasela inkolo.

Ukusebenzisa Izixhobo Ezifumanekayo: Umhlaba okhethiweyo awungowalo naliphi na iziko. Yimpahla karhulumente. Sisebenzisa nje izixhobo ezikhoyo. Sakhetha indawo kuba iyindawo elungele ushishino. Ayinanto yakwenza nokuhlaselwa konqulo. Asijolisanga naluphi na unqulo; sizama nje ukuphuhlisa idolophu yethu ngento esinayo. Ibango lokuba le ndawo yeyecawe alixhaswa nabuphi na ubungqina obusemthethweni. Icawa ayizange ibe nomhlaba othile; abanalo uxwebhu lwalo. Ewe, bebesebenzisa indawo yokubhiyozela i-epiphany. Ayesenza ezo zinto kumhlaba karhulumente. Ulawulo lwam okanye abalawuli bangaphambili bebengasikhuselanga esi sakhiwo sikarhulumente njengoko besingenaso nasiphi na isicwangciso sokusebenzisa lo mhlaba uchaziweyo. Ngoku, senze isicwangciso sokwakha iziko loshishino kumhlaba ongokarhulumente. Banokubhiyozela i-epiphany yabo nakweyiphi na indawo efumanekayo yasimahla, kwaye ukulungiselela indawo leyo sikulungele ukusebenza necawe.

Ibali likaDaniyeli loMbingeleli – Injongo kaJamal kukuthoba icawe amandla, hayi ukuphuhlisa idolophu.

Isikhundla:

Isicwangciso asiyonzuzo yedolophu njengoko ichazwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo nguJamal. Luhlaselo olwenziwe ngabom kwicawe yethu kunye nesazisi sethu. Njengomfundisi onembopheleleko, andiyi kwamkela naluphi na uhlaselo ecaweni yam. Andisoze ndivumele naluphi na ulwakhiwo; kunokuba ndikhethe ukufa ndilwela ibandla lam. Andiyi kuyeka ukubiza amakholwa ukukhusela icawe yawo, ubuni babo, kunye nepropathi yabo. Ayingomba ulula endinokuthi ndilalanise kuwo. Kunokuba luhlaselo oluqatha ukutshabalalisa ilungelo lembali lebandla.

Inzala:

Amalungelo embali: Besibhiyozela i-epiphany kule ndawo kangangeenkulungwane. Ookhokho bethu bawusikelela lo mmandla we-epiphany. Bathandazela intsikelelo yamanzi, ukucocwa kwendawo, kunye nokukhuselwa kulo naluphi na uhlaselo. Ngoku luxanduva lwethu ukukhusela icawe kunye nempahla yethu. Sinelungelo ngokwembali kule ndawo. Siyazi ukuba uJamal uthi asinalo iphepha elisemthethweni, kodwa amawakawaka abantu abebebhiyozela i-epiphany minyaka le kule ndawo ngamangqina ethu asemthethweni. Lo mhlaba ngumhlaba wethu! Asiyi kuvumela nasiphi na isakhiwo kule ndawo. Umdla wethu kukulondoloza ilungelo lethu elingokwembali.

Umkhethe ngokweNkolo nobuhlanga: Siyazi ukuba iJamal iluncedo kumaSilamsi, kodwa hayi kuthi thina maKristu. Ngokuqinisekileyo siyazi ukuba uJamal wathatha iCawe yase-Ethiopian Orthodox njengecawa ekhonza kakhulu iqela lohlanga lwama-Amhara. UyiOromo esebenzela iiOromos kwaye ukholelwa ukuba icawa ayinanto inokumnika yona. Uninzi lwamaOromo kule ndawo alungomaKristu angamaOthodoki; bangamaProtestanti okanye amaSilamsi kwaye ukholelwa ukuba unokuhlanganisa ngokulula abanye ngokuchasene nathi. Thina maKristu angamaOthodoki simbalwa kule dolophu kwaye inani lethu liyancipha minyaka le ngenxa yokufudukela kwezinye iindawo zelizwe. Siyazi ukuba bayasinyanzela ukuba siyishiye indawo egameni lophuhliso. Asiyi kumka; kungcono sifele apha. Sisenokugqalwa njengabambalwa ngenani, kodwa sibaninzi abasikelelwe nguThixo wethu. Eyona nto sinomdla kuyo kukuba siphathwe ngokulinganayo kwaye silwe nokucalucalulwa ngokwenkolo nobuzwe. Ngobubele sicela uJamal ukuba asishiyele indawo yethu. Siyazi ukuba wanceda amaSilamsi ukuba akhe i-mosque yawo. Wabanika umhlaba wokwakha i-mosque yabo, kodwa nanku ezama ukuthatha umhlaba wethu. Akazange adibane nathi malunga nesicwangciso. Oku sikugqala njengentiyo enzulu ngonqulo lwethu nobukho bethu. Asisayi kuze sinikezele; ithemba lethu likuThixo.

IProjekthi yokuLamla: Uphononongo lweCase lokuLamlelwa luphuhliswe ngu Abdurahman Omar, 2019

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Amanqaku Afana

Iinkonzo e-Igboland: Ukwahluka, Ukufaneleka kunye nokubakho

Unqulo sesinye seziganeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinefuthe elingenakuphikiswa eluntwini naphina ehlabathini. Njengobungcwele njengoko kubonakala ngathi, inkolo ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ubukho babemi bomthonyama kodwa ikwanayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wokubaluleka kwimeko yobuhlanga kunye nophuhliso. Ubungqina bembali kunye ne-ethnographic kwiibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namagama okwenziwa kweziganeko zenkolo zininzi. Isizwe sama-Igbo kuMazantsi eNigeria, kumacala omabini oMlambo iNiger, lelinye lawona maqela makhulu enkcubeko yabarhwebi abamnyama eAfrika, anenzondelelo yenkolo engathandabuzekiyo ebandakanya uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yemveli. Kodwa imeko yonqulo yaseIgboland ihlala iguquka. Ukuza kuthi ga kowe-1840, eyona nkolo ibalaseleyo yamaIgbo yayiyeyemveli okanye yemveli. Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, xa kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu kuloo mmandla, kwabakho umkhosi omtsha owawuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ulungelelanise inkangeleko yonqulo lwaloo mmandla. UbuKristu bakhula baba ncinane kakhulu kulawulo lwamva. Phambi kwekhulu leminyaka yobuKristu e-Igboland, amaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo ezingaphantsi kwe-hegemonic zavela ukuze zikhuphisane neenkolo zemveli zaseIgbo kunye nobuKristu. Eli phepha lilandelela iiyantlukwano zenkolo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo e-Igboland. Itsala idatha yayo kwimisebenzi epapashiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nezinto zobugcisa. Iphikisa ukuba njengoko iinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yenkolo ye-Igbo iya kuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kunye / okanye ukulungelelanisa, nokuba kukubandakanya okanye ukuhluka phakathi kweenkolo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo, ukuze kuphile i-Igbo.

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Ukuguqulwa kwiSilamsi kunye nobuzwe bobuhlanga eMalaysia

Eli phepha licandelo leprojekthi yophando enkulu egxile ekunyukeni kobuhlanga baseMalay kunye nobukhulu eMalaysia. Ngelixa ukunyuka kobuzwe bobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo, eli phepha lijolise ngokukodwa kumthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSilamsi eMalaysia kwaye nokuba uye womeleza na uvakalelo lobunganga baseMalay. IMalaysia lilizwe elinezizwe ngezizwe kunye neenkolo ezininzi elafumana inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kwiBritane. AmaMalay lelona qela likhulu belisoloko liluthatha unqulo lobuSilamsi njengenxalenye yesazisi sawo esilwahlula kwezinye iintlanga ezazingeniswa kweli lizwe ngexesha lolawulo lobukoloniyali baseBritani. Ngelixa ubuSilamsi buyinkolo esemthethweni, uMgaqo-siseko uvumela ezinye iinkolo ukuba zenziwe ngoxolo ngabantu baseMalaysia abangengoMalay, oko kukuthi amaTshayina namaIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho wamaSilamsi olawula imitshato yamaSilamsi eMalaysia ugunyazise ukuba abo bangengawo amaSilamsi baguqukele kwiSilamsi ukuba banqwenela ukutshata namaSilamsi. Kweli phepha, ndixela ukuba umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSilamsi usetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokuqinisa imvakalelo yobuzwe baseMalaysia eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqokelelwa ngokusekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe kunye namaSilamsi aseMalay atshate nabangengabo amaMalay. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba uninzi lwabantu ekwadliwan’ indlebe nabo baseMalaysia bajonga ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi njengento eyimfuneko njengoko kufunwa yinkolo yamaSilamsi kunye nomthetho welizwe. Ukongeza, ababoni sizathu sokuba abantu abangengabo amaMalay bangachasa ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi, njengoko betshatile, abantwana baya kuqwalaselwa ngokuzenzekelayo njengeMalay ngokoMgaqo-siseko, ohamba nenqanaba kunye namalungelo. Iimbono zabantu abangengoMalay abaguqukele kubuSilamsi zazisekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe lwesibini oluye lwenziwa ngabanye abaphengululi. Njengoko ukuba ngumSilamsi kunxulunyaniswa nokuba ngumMalay, abantu abaninzi abangengoMalay abaguqukileyo baziva behluthwe imvakalelo yabo yenkolo neyobuhlanga, kwaye baziva becinezelekile ukuba bamkele inkcubeko yohlanga lwaseMalay. Nangona ukutshintsha umthetho woguqulo kunokuba nzima, iingxoxo ezivulekileyo zeenkolo ngeenkolo ezikolweni nakumacandelo karhulumente inokuba linyathelo lokuqala lokujongana nale ngxaki.

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