Ukuphonononga uBudlelwane phakathi kweMveliso yeKhaya eliPheleleyo (i-GDP) kunye neNdlela yokuFa ephuma kwiNgqungquthela ye-Ethno-Nkolo eNigeria
Abstract:
Eli phepha liphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi kweMveliso yeKhaya eliPheleleyo (i-GDP) kunye nenani lokufa okubangelwa yingxabano ye-ethno-religious eNigeria. Iyahlalutya indlela ukunyuka kwezoqoqosho kuqinisa iingxabano ze-ethno-religious, ngelixa ukuncipha kokukhula koqoqosho kuhambelana nokunciphisa iingxabano ze-ethno-religious. Ukufumana ubudlelwane obubalulekileyo phakathi kwengxabano ye-ethno-inkolo kunye nokukhula koqoqosho lwaseNigeria, eli phepha lamkela indlela yophando yobuninzi kusetyenziswa ukuNxibelelana phakathi kwe-GDP kunye nokufa kwabantu. Idatha yokufa kwabantu ifunyenwe kwi-Nigeria Security Tracker ngeBhunga lezoBudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle; Idatha ye-GDP yaqokelelwa ngeBhanki yeHlabathi kunye noQoqosho loRhwebo. Ezi nkcukacha ziqokelelwe kwiminyaka ye-2011 ukuya kwi-2019. Iziphumo ezifunyenweyo zibonisa ukuba iingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo eNigeria zinobudlelwane obuhle obubalulekileyo ekukhuleni koqoqosho; ngoko ke, iindawo ezinamazinga aphezulu entlupheko zithandeka ngakumbi kwiingxabano ze-ethno-religious. Ubungqina bobudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwe-GDP kunye nenani lokufa kolu phando lubonisa ukuba uphando olongezelelweyo lunokwenziwa ukufumana izisombululo kwezi ziganeko.
Khuphela Eli nqaku
Ukucetyiswa:
Marafa, YA (2022). Ukuphonononga ubudlelwane phakathi kwemveliso yasekhaya (GDP) kunye nenani lokufa okubangelwa yingxabano ye-ethno-religious eNigeria. Ijenali yokuHlala Ndawonye, 7(1), 58-69.
Ulwazi lwenqaku:
@Inqaku{Marafa2022}
Isihloko = {Ukuphonononga uBudlelwane phakathi kweMveliso yeKhaya eliPheleleyo (i-GDP) kunye neNdlela yokuFa ephuma kwiNgqungquthela ye-Ethno-Nkolo eNigeria}
Umbhali = {Yusuf Adam Marafa}
Url = {https://icermediation.org/examining-the-relationship-between-gross-domestic-product-gdp-and-the-death-toll-resulting-from-ethno-religious-conflicts-in-nigeria/}
ISSN = {2373-6615 (Shicilela); 2373-6631 (kwi-intanethi)}
Unyaka = {2022}
Umhla = {2022-12-18}
Ijenali = {Ijenali yokuHlala kunye}
Umthamo = {7}
Inani = {1}
Amaphepha = {58-69}
Umshicileli = {Iziko leHlabathi le-Ethno-Religious Mediation}
Idilesi = {White Plains, New York}
Uhlelo = {2022}.
intshayelelo
Amazwe amaninzi ahamba kwiingxabano ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kwimeko yaseNigeria, iingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo ziye zafaka isandla ekutshatyalalisweni kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho yelizwe. Uphuhliso lwentlalo-qoqosho yoluntu lwaseNigeria luchaphazeleke kakhulu kwiingxabano ze-ethno-religious. Ilahleko yabantu abamsulwa inegalelo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho oluhlwempuzekileyo lweli lizwe ngotyalo-mali lwangaphandle olumbalwa olunokuthi lukhuthaze ukukhula koqoqosho (Genyi, 2017). Ngokufanayo, ezinye iindawo zaseNigeria ziye zaba neengxabano ezinkulu ngenxa yobuhlwempu; ngaloo ndlela, ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kukhokelela kugonyamelo elizweni. Eli lizwe liye lajamelana neemeko ezingaqhelekanga ngenxa yolu ngquzulwano lonqulo, oluchaphazela uxolo, uzinzo nokhuseleko.
Iingxwabangxwaba ezingokweethno zonqulo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, anjengeGhana, iNiger, iDjibouti, neCôte d’Ivoire, ziye zachaphazela imibutho yazo yezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Uphando lobungqina lubonise ukuba ungquzulwano ngoyena nobangela wokungaphuhlisi kumazwe asakhasayo (Iyoboyi, 2014). Ke, iNigeria lelinye lala mazwe ajongene nemiba yezopolitiko eyomeleleyo kunye nokwahlukana kobuhlanga, inkolo, kunye nommandla. INigeria iphakathi kwamanye amazwe ahlukene kakhulu kwihlabathi malunga nobuhlanga kunye nenkolo, kwaye inembali ende yokungazinzi kunye neengxabano zonqulo. INigeria iye yaba likhaya lamaqela eentlanga ezininzi ukususela ngexesha lokuzimela kwayo ngo-1960; phantse amaqela ezizwe angama-400 ahlala apho kunye namaqela eenkolo ezininzi (Gamba, 2019). Abantu abaninzi baye baxoxa ukuba njengoko iingxabano ze-ethno-religion eNigeria ziyancipha, uqoqosho lwelizwe luya kunyuka. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo olusondeleyo lubonisa ukuba zombini iinguqu zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo omnye komnye. Eli phepha liphanda ubudlelwane phakathi kweemeko zentlalo-qoqosho yaseNigeria kunye neengxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo ezibangelwa ukufa kwabemi abamsulwa.
Izinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo ezifundwe kweli phepha yayiyiMveliso yeKhaya eliPheleleyo (i-GDP) kunye neRhafu yokuFa. ISambuku seMveliso yeKhaya lilonke ixabiso lemali okanye lentengiso yeempahla neenkonzo eziveliswa luqoqosho lwelizwe unyaka omnye. Isetyenziswa kulo lonke ihlabathi ukubonisa impilo yezoqoqosho yelizwe (Bondarenko, 2017). Kwelinye icala, inani labafayo libhekisela “kwinani labantu abafa ngenxa yesiganeko esifana nemfazwe okanye ingozi” ( Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). Ngoko ke, eli phepha lixoxe ngenani lokufa okubangelwa yingxabano ye-ethno-religious eNigeria, ngelixa ihlola ubudlelwane bayo kunye nokukhula kwentlalo noqoqosho lwelizwe.
Ukujongisisa uluncwadi
Iingxabano zobuzwe kunye neeNkolo zenkolo eNigeria
Iingxwabangxwaba zonqulo iNigeria ebijongene nazo ukususela ngo-1960 zisahleli zingalawuleki njengoko lisanda inani lokufa kwabantu abamsulwa. Eli lizwe linokwanda kokungakhuseleki, ubuhlwempu obugqithisileyo, namazinga aphezulu abantu abangaphangeliyo; ngoko, ilizwe likude ekufezekiseni ukuchuma kwezoqoqosho (Gamba, 2019). Iingxabano ze-Ethno-zenkolo zineendleko ezinkulu kuqoqosho lwaseNigeria njengoko zinegalelo ekuguquguqukeni, ekuqhekekeni, nasekuhlakalweni kwezoqoqosho (Çancı & Odukoya, 2016).
Isazisi sobuhlanga ngowona mthombo unempembelelo yesazisi eNigeria, kwaye ezona zizwe ziphambili ngamaIgbo ahlala kummandla osemzantsi-mpuma, amaYoruba kumazantsi-ntshona, kunye namaHausa-Fulani emantla. Ukusasazwa kwamaqela amaninzi eentlanga kunempembelelo kwisigqibo sikarhulumente njengoko ipolitiki yobuhlanga inendima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwelizwe (Gamba, 2019). Noko ke, amaqela onqulo abangela iingxaki ezingakumbi kunamaqela eentlanga. Iinkonzo ezimbini eziphambili bubuSilamsi emantla nobuKristu obusemazantsi. UGenyi (2017) ugxininise ukuba "ukubaluleka kweempawu zobuhlanga kunye nenkolo kwezopolitiko kunye neentetho zesizwe eNigeria ziye zahlala zibonakala kuzo zonke izigaba kwimbali yelizwe" (iphe. 137). Ngokomzekelo, amajoni asemantla afuna ukuphumeza ulawulo lobuthixo lwamaSilamsi olusebenzisa ukutolika ngokugqibeleleyo kobuSilamsi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuguqulwa kwezolimo kunye nohlengahlengiso lolawulo lunokwamkela isithembiso sokuqhubela phambili ubudlelwane phakathi kwezizwe kunye neenkolo (Genyi, 2017).
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweeNgqungquthela ze-Ethno-Nkolo kunye nokuKhula koQoqosho eNigeria
UJohn Smith Uya kwazisa ingcamango ye "plural centric" ukuqonda ingxaki ye-ethno-religious (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Lo mbono wamkelwa ngenkulungwane ye-17, kwaye uJS Furnivall, ingcali yezoqoqosho yaseBritane, wayiphuhlisa ngakumbi (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Namhlanje, le ndlela ichaza ukuba uluntu olwahlulahlulwe ngokusondeleyo luphawulwa ngokhuphiswano lwezoqoqosho lwasimahla kwaye lubonisa ukungabikho kobudlelwane obulinganayo. Kule meko, unqulo olunye okanye uhlanga luhlala lusasaza uloyiko lokulawula. Kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kokukhula koqoqosho kunye neengxabano ze-ethno-religious. ENigeria, kunzima ukuchonga nayiphi na ingxaki yobuhlanga engakhange iphele kungquzulwano lonqulo. Ubuzwe bobuhlanga kunye nenkolo bukhokelela kubuzwe, apho amalungu eqela ngalinye lenkolo anqwenela igunya phezu kwezopolitiko (Genyi, 2017). Enye yezinto ezibangela iingxabano zonqulo eNigeria ukunganyamezeli kwenkolo (Ugorji, 2017). Abanye amaSulumane abaqapheli ukuba semthethweni kobuKristu, kwaye amanye amaKristu awaqapheli i-Islam njengenkolo esemthethweni, okuye kwaphumela ekuqhubeni kwe-blackmail yeqela ngalinye lenkolo (Salawu, 2010).
Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, ubundlobongela, kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kuvela ngenxa yokwanda kokungakhuselekanga ngenxa yeengxabano ze-ethno-religious (Alegbeleye, 2014). Ngokomzekelo, ngoxa ubutyebi behlabathi busanda, ungquzulwano phakathi kwabantu nalo luyanda. Phantse i-18.5 yezigidi zabantu bafa phakathi kwe-1960 kunye ne-1995 ngenxa yeengxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo kumazwe asakhulayo ase-Afrika nase-Asia (Iyoboyi, i-2014). Ngokubhekiselele eNigeria, ezi ngxabano zonqulo zonakalisa uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho nentlalo yesizwe. Ubutshaba obuzinzileyo phakathi kwamaSilamsi namaKrestu bunciphise imveliso yesizwe kwaye buthintele umanyano lwesizwe (Nwaomah, 2011). Imiba yezentlalo noqoqosho kweli lizwe ibangele ungquzulwano olukhulu phakathi kwamaSilamsi namaKrestu, oluthe lwafaka kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho; oku kuthetha ukuba iingxaki zentlalo noqoqosho ngoyena nobangela weengxabano zonqulo (Nwaomah, 2011).
Iingxabano ze-Ethno-religious eNigeria zivimba utyalo-mali lwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe kwaye ziphakathi kwezizathu eziphambili zeengxaki zezoqoqosho (Nwaomah, 2011). Ezi ngxabano zichaphazela uqoqosho lwaseNigeria ngokudala ukungakhuseleki, ukungathembani, kunye nocalucalulo. Iingxabano zezenkolo zinciphisa ithuba lotyalo-mali lwangaphakathi nangaphandle (Lenshie, 2020). Ukungaqiniseki kwandisa ukungazinzi kwezopolitiko kunye nokungaqiniseki okutyhafisa utyalo-mali lwangaphandle; ngaloo ndlela, isizwe siphulukana nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Umphumo weengxaki zonqulo zisasazeka kulo lonke ilizwe kwaye ziphazamise imvisiswano yoluntu (Ugorji, 2017).
Iingxabano ze-Ethno-Religious, intlupheko, kunye noPhuhliso lweNtlalo noQoqosho
Uqoqosho lwaseNigeria luxhomekeke kakhulu kwimveliso yeoli kunye negesi. Amashumi alithoba eepesenti engeniso yaseNigeria evela kurhwebo lwe-oyile ekrwada. INigeria yaba nenkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho emva kwemfazwe yamakhaya, eyasombulula iingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo ngokunciphisa izinga lentlupheko kwilizwe (Lenshie, 2020). Intlupheko i-multidimensional eNigeria njengoko abantu babandakanyeka kwiingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo ukuze bafumane indlela yokuphila (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Intswela-ngqesho iya isanda esizweni, kwaye ukwanda kophuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunokunceda ukunciphisa intlupheko. Ukungena kwemali eninzi kunganika abemi ithuba lokuhlala ngoxolo kwindawo abahlala kuyo (Iyoboyi, 2014). Oku kuya kunceda ekwakhiweni kwezikolo nezibhedlele ezinokuthi zibenako ukuphambukisa ulutsha oluzigwagwisayo luye kuphuhliso loluntu (Olusakin, 2006).
Kukho ungquzulwano lwendalo eyahlukileyo kuwo wonke ummandla waseNigeria. Ummandla weDelta ujongene neengxabano phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga zawo phezu kolawulo lwemithombo (Amiara et al., 2020). Olu ngquzulwano lubeke emngciphekweni uzinzo lwengingqi kwaye lunempembelelo embi kakhulu kulutsha oluhlala kuloo ndawo. Kummandla ongasentla, kukho iingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo kunye neengxabano ezahlukeneyo ngamalungelo omhlaba ngamnye (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Kwinxalenye esemazantsi yommandla, abantu bajongene namanqanaba amaninzi okucalulwa ngenxa yolawulo lwezopolitiko lwamaqela ambalwa (Amiara et al., 2020). Ngoko ke, intlupheko namandla anegalelo kwiingxabano kule mimandla, kwaye uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lunokunciphisa ezi ngxabano.
Iingxabano zentlalo kunye nenkolo eNigeria nazo zibangelwa ukungasebenzi kunye nentlupheko, enonxibelelwano oluqinileyo kunye negalelo kwiingxabano ze-ethno-religious (Salawu, 2010). Inqanaba lentlupheko liphezulu enyakatho ngenxa yeengxabano zenkolo kunye nezentlalo (Ugorji, 2017; Genyi, 2017). Ukongezelela, imimandla yasemaphandleni inee-ethno-religious insurgencies kunye nentlupheko, ekhokelela ekubeni amashishini ahambele kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika (Etim et al., 2020). Oku kuchaphazela kakubi ukudalwa kwemisebenzi kweli lizwe.
Iingxabano ze-Ethno-zenkolo zinemiphumo emibi ekuphuhliseni uqoqosho lwaseNigeria, okwenza ilizwe lingabi nomtsalane kutyalo-mali. Ngaphandle kokuba nemithombo emikhulu yobutyebi bendalo, ilizwe liqhwalela ngokwezoqoqosho ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwangaphakathi (Abdulkadir, 2011). Iindleko zezoqoqosho zeengxabano eNigeria zikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yembali ende yeengxabano ze-ethno-religious. Kubekho ukuncipha kwendlela yorhwebo phakathi kwezizwe phakathi kwezizwe ezibalulekileyo, kwaye olu rhwebo ngowona mthombo wokuphila kwinani elikhulu labantu (Amiara et al., 2020). Ummandla osemantla weNigeria ngowona uphambili ekuthengiseni iigusha, amatswele, iimbotyi neetumato kumazantsi elizwe. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeengxabano ze-ethno-religious, ukuthuthwa kwezi mpahla kuye kwancipha. Amafama asemantla nawo ajongana namahum-hum okuba anemveliso enetyhefu ethengiselwa abantu basemazantsi. Zonke ezi meko ziphazamisa urhwebo olunoxolo phakathi kwemimandla emibini (Odoh et al., 2014).
Kukho inkululeko yonqulo eNigeria, nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho lunqulo lubalaseleyo. Ke, ukuba nomKristu okanye ilizwe lamaSilamsi akuyonkululeko yonqulo kuba inyanzelisa inkolo ethile. Ukwahlulwa kwelizwe kunye nenkolo kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa iingxabano zenkolo zangaphakathi (Odoh et al., 2014). Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yoxinaniso olukhulu lwamaSilamsi kunye namaKristu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe, inkululeko yenkolo ayanelanga ukuqinisekisa uxolo (Etim et al., 2020).
INigeria inezinto ezininzi zendalo kunye nabantu, kwaye ilizwe linamaqela eentlanga ze-400 (Salawu, 2010). Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe lijongene nenqanaba elikhulu lentlupheko ngenxa yeengxabano zangaphakathi ze-ethno-religious. Ezi ngxabano zichaphazela ubomi bomntu ngamnye kwaye zinciphisa imveliso yezoqoqosho yaseNigeria. Iingxabano ze-Ethno-religious zichaphazela zonke icandelo lezoqoqosho, okwenza kube nzima ukuba iNigeria ibe nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho ngaphandle kokulawula iingxabano zentlalo kunye nenkolo (Nwaomah, 2011). Ngokomzekelo, uqhushululu lwentlalo nonqulo lukwachaphazele ukhenketho kweli lizwe. Kule mihla, inani labakhenkethi abandwendwela iNigeria liphantsi kakhulu xa lithelekiswa namanye amazwe akulo mmandla (Achimugu et al., 2020). Ezi ngxwabangxwaba ziluphoxile ulutsha kwaye lulubandakanye kubundlobongela. Izinga lolutsha olungaqeshwanga luyanda ngokunyuka kweengxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo eNigeria (Odoh et al., 2014).
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ngenxa yobutyebi bomntu, oye wandisa izinga lophuhliso, kukho ithuba elincitshisiweyo lokuba amazwe aphinde abuyele kwi-doldrums yezoqoqosho ngokukhawuleza (Audu et al., 2020). Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwexabiso le-asethi kunokuba negalelo kungekuphela nje ukuchuma kwabantu baseNigeria, kodwa nokunciphisa iingxabano ezifanayo. Ukwenza utshintsho olulungileyo kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunokunciphisa iingxabano ngemali, umhlaba, kunye nezibonelelo kakhulu (Achimugu et al., 2020).
Indlela
Inkqubo kunye neNdlela/Ithiyori
Olu phononongo lusebenzise indlela yophando yobungakanani, iBivariate Pearson Correlation. Ngokukodwa, unxibelelwano phakathi kweGross Domestic Product (GDP) kunye nerhafu yokufa okubangelwa yintlekele yenkolo eNigeria yavavanywa. Idatha ye-2011 ukuya kwi-2019 yeMveliso yeMveliso yaseKhaya iqokelelwe kwi-Trading Economics kunye neBhanki yehlabathi, ngelixa idatha ye-Nigerian yokufa ngenxa yeengxabano ze-ethno-religious yaqokelelwa kwi-Nigeria Security Tracker phantsi kweBhunga lezoBudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle. Idata yolu phononongo iqokelelwe kwimithombo yesibini ethembekileyo eyaziwayo kwihlabathi. Ukufumana ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo zolu phononongo, isixhobo sokuhlalutya izibalo ze-SPSS sisetyenzisiwe.
I-Bivariate Pearson Correlation ivelisa isampuli yokulungelelanisa, r, elinganisa amandla kunye nolwalathiso lobudlelwane bomgca phakathi kweebini zeenguqu eziqhubekayo (i-Kent State, i-2020). Oku kuthetha ukuba kweli phepha i-Bivariate Pearson Correlation yanceda ukuvavanya ubungqina bezibalo zobudlelwane bomgca phakathi kwababini abafanayo bezinto eziguquguqukayo kubemi, okuyiMveliso yeMveliso yasekhaya (i-GDP) kunye neToll yokufa. Ke ngoko, ukufumana uvavanyo olubalulekileyo olunemisila emibini, i-null hypothesis (H0) kunye nolunye ucingelo (H1) yovavanyo lokubaluleka koNxibelelwano luchazwe njengolu qikelelo lulandelayo, apho ρ lulungelelwaniso lwenani labantu:
- H0: ρ= i-0 ibonisa ukuba i-coefficient yokulungelelaniswa (iMveliso yeNtlawulo yeKhaya kunye neRhafu yokuFa) ngu-0; nto leyo ethetha ukuba akukho mbutho.
- H1: ρ≠ i-0 ibonisa ukuba i-coefficient yokulungelelanisa (i-Gross Domestic Product kunye ne-Death Toll) ayikho i-0; nto leyo ethetha ukuba kukho unxulumano.
Iinkcukacha
Uluhlu loku-1: Imithombo yedatha evela kuQoqosho loRhwebo/iBhanki yeHlabathi (iMveliso yeLizwe lonke); Umkhondo woKhuseleko waseNigeria phantsi kweBhunga lezoBudlelwane bamazwe angaphandle (Ukufa).
Umzobo 1. Inani lokufa kwe-Ethno-Nkolo ngaMazwe aseNigeria ukusuka kwi-2011 ukuya kwi-2019
Umzobo 2. I-Ethno-Religious Death toll by Geopolitical Zones eNigeria ukusuka kwi-2011 ukuya kwi-2019
iziphumo
Iziphumo zolungelelaniso zicebise unxulumano oluhle phakathi kweGrisi yeMveliso yasekhaya (i-GDP) kunye nenani lokufa (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05). Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi ziguquguqukayo zimbini zilungelelana ngokuthe ngqo; nangona, ukukhula kwabemi kunokuba nefuthe ngendlela enye okanye enye. Ngoko ke, njengoko i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yaseNigeria inyuka, inani lokufa ngenxa yeengxabano ze-ethno-religious nalo landa (Jonga iThebhile 3). Idatha eguquguqukayo yaqokelelwa iminyaka ye-2011 ukuya kwi-2019.
Itheyibhile 2: Oku kunika isishwankathelo esipheleleyo sedatha, ebandakanya inani elipheleleyo lezinto / izinto eziguquguqukayo, kunye nentsingiselo kunye nokuphambuka okuqhelekileyo kweMveliso yaseNigeria eGross Domestic (GDP) kunye nokufa kwenani leminyaka esetyenziswe kwisifundo.
Uluhlu 3. Unxulumano olukhoyo phakathi kweSambuku seMveliso yeLizwe (i-GDP) kunye neRhafu yokuFa (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05).
Ezi zezona ziphumo zonxulumano. Imveliso yasekhaya yaseNigeria (i-GDP) kunye neenkcukacha zeNgxowa-mali yokuFa zibaliwe zaza zahlalutywa kusetyenziswa isoftwe yezibalo ze-SPSS. Iziphumo zingabonakaliswa ngolu hlobo:
- Unxulumano lweSambuku seMveliso yeLizwe (i-GDP) nayo ngokwayo (r=1), kunye nenani loqwalaselo olungaphoswanga lwe-GDP (n=9).
- Unxulumano lweGDP kunye neRhafu yokuFa (r=0.766), esekelwe kuqwalaselo lwe-n=9 olunamaxabiso angaphoswanga ngababini.
- Unxulumano lweRhafu yokuFa nayo ngokwayo (r=1), kunye nenani lezinto eziqatshelweyo ezingaphumiyo zobunzima (n=9).
Itshathi 1. Itshathi ye-scatterplot ibonisa ulungelelwaniso oluhle phakathi kwezinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo, i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kunye ne-Death Toll. Imigca eyenziweyo kwidatha inethambeka elihle. Ke ngoko, kukho unxulumano oluhle phakathi kwe-GDP kunye neRhafu yokuFa.
ingxoxo
Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo, kunokugqitywa ukuba:
- ISambuku seMveliso yeLizwe (i-GDP) kunye noBantu abaFayo banobudlelwane obubalulekileyo ngokweenkcukacha-manani (p <.05).
- Umkhombandlela wobudlelwane ulungile, nto leyo ethetha ukuba iSambuku seMveliso yeLizwe (i-GDP) kunye neNtetho yokuFa zinxulunyaniswa kakuhle. Kule meko, ezi zintlukwano zikholisa ukwanda kunye (oko kukuthi, i-GDP enkulu inxulunyaniswa neNtetho yokuFa enkulu).
- I-R ephindwe kabini yombutho imalunga nokumodareyitha (.3 < | r | <.5).
Olu phononongo luphande ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhula koqoqosho njengoko kuboniswa yiGross Domestic Product (GDP) kunye neengxabano zenkolo, ezibangele ukufa kwabantu abangenatyala. Isixa esipheleleyo seMveliso yasekhaya yaseNigeria (GDP) ukusuka kwi-2011 ukuya kwi-2019 yi-4,035,000,000,000 yeedola, kwaye inani lokufa livela kumazwe angama-36 kunye ne-Federal Capital Territory (FCT) yi-63,771. Ngokuchasene nombono wokuqala womphandi, owathi njengoko i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) inyuka inani lokufa liya kuncitshiswa (ngokuphambene nomlinganiselo), olu phononongo lubonise ukuba kukho ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwezinto zentlalo-qoqosho kunye nenani lokufa. Oku kubonise ukuba njengoko iSambuku seMveliso yeLizwe (i-GDP) isanda, inani lokufa nalo liyenyuka (iTshati 2).
Itshathi 2: Ukubonakaliswa kwegraphical ubudlelwane obulinganayo ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kunye nokufa kweNigeria ukusuka kwi-2011 ukuya kwi-2019. Umgca ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonisa i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP), kwaye umgca we-orange ubonisa inani lokufa. Ukusuka kwigrafu, umphandi unokubona ukunyuka nokuwa kwezinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo njengoko zihamba ngaxeshanye kwicala elifanayo. Oku kubonisa unxulumano oluhle njengoko kubonisiwe kwiThebhile yesi-3.
Itshathi yenziwe nguFrank Swiontek.
Iingcebiso, intsingiselo, isiphelo
Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuhambelana phakathi kweengxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho eNigeria, njengoko kuxhaswe luncwadi. Ukuba ilizwe liyakwandisa uphuhliso lwalo lwezoqoqosho kunye nokulinganisa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lonyaka kunye nezibonelelo phakathi kwemimandla, amathuba okunciphisa iingxabano ze-ethno-religious ingaba phezulu. Ukuba urhulumente ebeyomeleza imigaqo yakhe aze alawule amaqela ezizwe neenkonzo, ngoko ke ungquzulwano lwangaphakathi lwalunokulawulwa. Uhlaziyo lomgaqo-nkqubo luyafuneka ukuze kulawuleke imicimbi yobuhlanga nenkolo yelizwe, kwaye urhulumente kuwo onke amanqanaba kufuneka aqinisekise ukuphunyezwa kolu hlengahlengiso. Unqulo alufanele lusetyenziswe kakubi, yaye iinkokeli zonqulo zifanele zifundise abantu ukuba bamkelene. Ulutsha akufunekanga lubandakanyeke kubundlobongela obubakho ngenxa yeengxabano zobuzwe nezenkolo. Wonke umntu kufuneka afumane ithuba lokuba yinxalenye yemibutho yezopolitiko yelizwe, kwaye urhulumente akafanelanga ukwaba izixhobo ngokusekelwe kumaqela eentlanga akhethwayo. Iikharityhulam zemfundo kufuneka nazo zitshintshwe, kwaye urhulumente makabandakanye isifundo esingoxanduva loluntu. Abafundi kufuneka balwazi ubundlobongela kunye nefuthe labo kuphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho. Urhulumente kufuneka akwazi ukutsala abatyali-zimali abaninzi kweli lizwe ukuze akwazi ukoyisa imeko yoqoqosho lweli lizwe.
Ukuba iNigeria iyanciphisa ingxaki yezoqoqosho, kuya kubakho amathuba amakhulu okunciphisa iingxabano ze-ethno-religious. Ukuqonda iziphumo zophando, okubonisa ukuba kukho ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweengxabano ze-ethno-religious kunye nokukhula koqoqosho, izifundo zexesha elizayo zingaqhutyelwa kwiingcebiso malunga neendlela zokufumana uxolo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo eNigeria.
Ezona zizathu ziphambili zongquzulwano ibe bubuhlanga kunye nenkolo, kwaye iingxabano ezinkulu zonqulo eNigeria zichaphazele ubomi bentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko. Ezi ngxabano ziye zaphazamisa imvisiswano yoluntu kwintlalo yaseNigeria kwaye yabenza bangabikho ngokwezoqoqosho. Ubundlobongela obubangelwa kukungazinzi kobuhlanga kunye neengxabano zonqulo zitshabalalise uxolo, impumelelo kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho eNigeria.
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