Abantu bomthonyama baseBiafra (IPOB): Intshukumo yeNtlalo evuselelweyo eNigeria
intshayelelo
Eli phepha ligxile kwi-7 kaJulayi, i-2017 inqaku le-Washington Post ebhalwe ngu-Eromo Egbejule, kwaye inesihloko esithi "Iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kamva, iNigeria iye yasilela ukufunda kwimfazwe yamakhaya eyoyikekayo." Izinto ezimbini zatsala ingqalelo yam njengoko bendiphonononga umxholo weli nqaku. Eyokuqala ngumfanekiso woqweqwe olukhethwe ngabahleli kwinqaku elithathwe kwi Ifoto nguAgence France-Presse / Getty Izithombe enenkcazelo: “Abaxhasi baBemi bomthonyama baseBiafra benza umngcelele ePort Harcourt ngoJanuwari.” Into yesibini ethe yanditsala umdla ngumhla wokupapashwa kwenqaku ngomhla we-7 kweyeKhala ngowama-2017.
Ngokusekelwe kwisimboli sezi zinto zimbini - umfanekiso wenqaku kunye nomhla -, eli phepha lijonge ukuphumeza iinjongo ezintathu: okokuqala, ukuchaza imixholo ephambili kwinqaku likaEgbejule; okwesibini, ukwenza uhlalutyo lwehermeneutic yale mixholo ngokwembono yeethiyori ezifanelekileyo kunye neengqiqo kwizifundo zentshukumo yentlalo; kwaye okwesithathu, ukucamngca ngemiphumo yokunyanzeliswa okuqhubekayo kokuzimela kwe-Biafra ngumbutho ovuselelweyo wempuma yeNigeria yentlalontle - Abantu baseMveli baseBiafra (IPOB).
"Kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kamva, iNigeria ayiphumelelanga ukufunda kwimfazwe yamakhaya eyoyikekayo" - Imixholo ephambili kwinqaku likaEgbejule
Intatheli yaseNigeria egxile kwimibutho yaseNtshona Afrika, U-Eromo Egbejule uhlola imiba emithandathu esisiseko entliziyweni yemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra kunye nokuvela kombutho omtsha wokuzimela we-pro-Biafra. Le miba yile Imfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra: imvelaphi, iziphumo, kunye nobulungisa benguqu emva kwemfazwe; imbangela yemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra, iziphumo kunye nokungaphumeleli kobulungisa benguqu; imfundo yembali - kutheni imfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra njengomba wembali ephikisanayo ayizange ifundiswe kwizikolo zaseNigeria; imbali kunye nenkumbulo - xa ixesha elidlulileyo lingaphendulwanga, imbali iphinda iphinde; ukuvuselelwa kombutho wokuzimela we-Biafra kunye nokunyuka kwaBantu boMthonyama baseBiafra; kwaye okokugqibela, impendulo karhulumente okhoyo kule ntshukumo intsha kwakunye nempumelelo yombutho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Imfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra: Imvelaphi, iziphumo, kunye nobulungisa benguqu emva kwemfazwe
Kwiminyaka esixhenxe emva kokuzimela kweNigeria kwi-Great Britain ngo-1960, iNigeria yaya emfazweni kunye nomnye wemimandla yayo ebalulekileyo - ummandla osempuma-mpuma - kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yiBiafraland. Imfazwe yaseNigeria neBiafra yaqala ngoJulayi 7, 1967 yaza yaphela ngoJanuwari 15, 1970. Ngenxa yolwazi lwam kwangaphambili ngomhla eyaqala ngawo imfazwe, ndatsalwa ngumhla wokupapashwa kwenqaku lika-Egbejule elithi Washington Post kaJulayi 7, 2017. Ukupapashwa kwayo kwangqamana nesikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emfazwe. Njengoko kubaliswa kwimibhalo edumileyo, iingxoxo zamajelo eendaba, kunye neentsapho, u-Egbejule ulanda unobangela wemfazwe ukuya kutsho kwindyikityha yokufa kwama-Igbos emantla eNigeria okwenzeka ngo-1953 nango-1966. enyakatho yeNigeria yenzeke ngexesha lobukoloniyali, ixesha langaphambi kokuzimela, ukubulawa kwabantu ngo-1953 kwakusemva kokuzimela geqe kweNigeria kwi-Great Britain, kwaye inkuthazo yayo kunye neziganeko eziyijikelezileyo zisenokuba ngabaqhubi beseshoni ye-Biafra kwi-1966.
Iziganeko ezibini ezibalulekileyo ngelo xesha yayilubhukuqo-mbuso lwe-15 kaJanuwari 1966 olwaluququzelelwa liqela lamagosa omkhosi elalilawulwa ngamajoni e-Igbo nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubulaweni koorhulumente abaphezulu kunye namagosa omkhosi ikakhulu asuka kumantla eNigeria kuquka ambalwa asemazantsi. -basentshona. Umphumo wolu lawulo lomkhosi kwiqela leHausa-Fulani elisenyakatho yeNigeria kunye nefuthe elibi leemvakalelo - umsindo kunye nosizi - olubangelwa ukubulawa kweenkokeli zabo zaziyizizathu zokuphikisana kukaJulayi 1966. NgoJulayi 29, 1966 I-counter-coup endiyibiza ngokuba yi-coup of attrition ngokuchasene neenkokheli zomkhosi wase-Igbo yacwangciswa kwaye yabulawa ngamagosa omkhosi waseHausa-Fulani asuka emantla eNigeria kwaye yashiya intloko yelizwe laseNigeria (yemvelaphi yohlanga lwe-Igbo) kunye neenkokheli eziphezulu zomkhosi zase-Igbo zifile. . Kwakhona, ukuziphindezela ngokubulawa kweenkokeli zomkhosi wasemantla ngoJanuwari 1966, abemi abaninzi baseIgbo ababehlala kumantla eNigeria ngaxeshanye babulawa ngegazi elibandayo yaza imizimba yabo yabuyiselwa kwimpuma yeNigeria.
Kwakusekelwe kolu phuhliso lubi eNigeria ukuba uNjengele Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu, owayeyirhuluneli yezomkhosi ngoko kummandla osempuma wagqiba ekubeni avakalise ukuzimela geqe kweBiafra. Ingxoxo yakhe yayikukuba ukuba urhulumente waseNigeria kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho abakwazanga ukukhusela i-Igbos ehlala kwezinye iingingqi - imimandla esenyakatho nentshona - ke kungcono ukuba i-Igbos ibuyele kummandla osempuma apho baya kukhuseleka khona. Ngoko ke, nangokusekelwe kuncwadi olukhoyo, kukholelwa ukuba ukwahlukana kweBiafra kwakubangelwa zizizathu zokhuseleko nokhuseleko.
Ukubhengezwa kokuzimela geqe kweBiafra kwabangela imfazwe enegazi eyathabatha phantse iminyaka emithathu (ukususela ngoJulayi 7, 1967 ukuya kuJanuwari 15, 1970), kuba urhulumente waseNigeria akazange afune ilizwe laseBiafra elahlukileyo. Ngaphambi kokuphela kwemfazwe ngowe-1970, kuqikelelwa ukuba bangaphezu kwezigidi ezithathu abantu abafayo yaye babulawa ngokuthe ngqo okanye babulawa yindlala ebudeni bemfazwe uninzi lwabo yayingabemi baseBiafra kuquka nabantwana namabhinqa. Ukudala iimeko zokumanyana kwabo bonke abantu baseNigeria kunye nokuququzelela ukudityaniswa kwakhona kwe-Biafrans, intloko yomkhosi waseNigeria ngoko, u-General Yakubu Gowon, wathi "akukho mntu uphumeleleyo, akukho mntu uphumeleleyo kodwa uloyiso lwengqiqo kunye nobunye baseNigeria." Okubandakanyiweyo kwesi sibhengezo yinkqubo yobulungisa yenguqu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-“3Rs” – uXolelwaniso (uHlanganiso), uBuyiselo kunye noKwakha ngokutsha. Ngelishwa, bekungekho uphando oluthenjiweyo malunga nokunyhashwa okugqithisileyo kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nezinye izenzo zenkohlakalo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini olwenziwe ngexesha lemfazwe. Kukho iimeko apho uluntu lwabulawa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lemfazwe yaseNigeria neBiafra, ngokomzekelo, ukubulawa kwabantu eAsaba eAsaba ekwilizwe leDelta namhlanje. Akukho mntu wayebekek’ ityala ngolu lwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini.
Imbali kunye neMemori: Iziphumo zokungajongani nexesha elidlulileyo - imbali iyaziphinda
Ngenxa yokuba inkqubo yobulungisa yenguqu yasemva kwemfazwe yayingasebenzi kakuhle, kwaye yasilela ukujongana nokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olubulala abantu olwenziwa kumazantsi-mpuma ngexesha lemfazwe, iinkumbulo ezibuhlungu zemfazwe zisatsha ezingqondweni zabantu abaninzi baseBiafra nakwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu emva koko. Abasinde emfazweni kunye neentsapho zabo basabandezeleka ngenxa yomothuko wezizukulwana. Ukongeza kumonzakalo kunye nokulangazelela ubulungisa, ii-Igbos ezikumazantsi-mpuma eNigeria ziziva zijongelwe phantsi ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente womanyano waseNigeria. Ukusukela ekupheleni kwemfazwe, akukhange kubekho mongameli wase-Igbo eNigeria. INigeria iye yalawulwa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane yiHausa-Fulani ukusuka emantla kunye neYoruba ukusuka kumzantsi-ntshona. Ama-Igbo avakalelwa kukuba asayohlwaywa ngenxa yeseshoni yokulahlwa yaseBiafra.
Ngenxa yokuba abantu bavota ngokobuhlanga eNigeria, akunakwenzeka ukuba iHausa-Fulani eyenza uninzi lwaseNigeria kunye neYoruba (isininzi sesibini) sivotele umgqatswa womongameli we-Igbo. Oku kwenza amaIgbo azive ekhathazekile. Ngenxa yale miba, kwaye inikwe ukuba urhulumente wobumbano uye wasilela ukujongana nemiba yophuhliso kumzantsi-mpuma, amaza amatsha esiphithiphithi kunye nomnxeba ohlaziyiweyo wokuzimela kwe-Biafra ziye zavela zombini kulo mmandla kunye naphakathi koluntu lwase-diaspora phesheya.
Imfundo yezeMbali - Ukufundisa imiba ephikisanayo ezikolweni - kutheni imfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra ingafundiswa ezikolweni?
Omnye umxholo onomdla obaluleke kakhulu kwisiphithiphithi esivuselelweyo senkululeko ye-Biafra yimfundo yembali. Ukususela ekupheleni kwemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra, imfundo yembali yasuswa kwiikharityhulam zesikolo. Abemi baseNigeria abazalwa emva kwemfazwe (kwi-1970) abazange bafundiswe imbali kumagumbi okufundela esikolweni. Kwakhona, ingxoxo ngemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra yayijongwa esidlangalaleni njengento engafanelekanga. Ngoko ke, igama elithi "Biafra" kunye nembali yemfazwe yazibophelela ekuthuleni okungunaphakade ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokulibala ephunyezwe ngabalawuli bemikhosi yaseNigeria. Kwakungowe-1999 emva kokubuya kwedemokhrasi eNigeria apho abemi bakhululeka kancinane ukuba baxoxe ngemiba enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokungabikho kolwazi oluchanekileyo malunga nento eyenzekayo ngaphambili, ngexesha nangemva nje kwemfazwe, njengoko imfundo yembali ayizange ifundiswe kumagumbi okufundela eNigeria de kube lixesha lokubhalwa kweli phepha (ngoJulayi 2017), amabali aphikisana kakhulu kunye ne-polarizing zininzi. . Oku kwenza imiba malunga neBiafra ibe nempikiswano kakhulu kwaye inovelwano kakhulu eNigeria.
Ukuvuselelwa kombutho wokuzimela we-Biafra kunye nokunyuka kwabantu bomthonyama baseBiafra
Zonke iingongoma ezikhankanywe ngasentla-ukungaphumeleli kobulungisa benguqu emva kwemfazwe, ukuxhatshazwa kwe-transgenerational, ukususwa kwemfundo yembali kwiikharityhulam zesikolo eNigeria ngokusebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokulibala - yenze iimeko zokuvuselela kunye nokuvuselela ukuxhatshazwa kwakudala kokuzimela kwe-Biafra. . Nangona abadlali, imeko yezopolitiko, kunye nezizathu zisenokwahluka, injongo kunye nepropaganda zisafana. AmaIgbos athi angamaxhoba obudlelwane obungafanelekanga kunye nempatho kweli ziko. Ke ngoko, ukuzimela ngokupheleleyo kwiNigeria sisisombululo esifanelekileyo.
Ekuqaleni koo-2000, amaza amatsha okuphazamiseka aqala. Umbutho wokuqala ongenabundlongondlongo wentlalontle yokufumana ingqalelo yoluntu yiNtshukumo yokuSebenza koBume be-Biafra (MASSOB) eyenziwe nguRalph Uwazuruike, igqwetha elaliqeqeshwe eIndiya. Nangona imisebenzi ye-MASSOB ikhokelele kukujongana nomthetho ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye nokubanjwa kwenkokeli yayo, ifumene ingqwalasela encinci kumajelo eendaba ngamazwe kunye noluntu. Ukukhathazeka ukuba iphupha lokuzimela kwe-Biafra aliyi kufezekiswa nge-MASSOB, Nnamdi Kanu, waseNigeria-waseBrithani osekelwe eLondon kwaye owazalwa ekupheleni kwemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra ngo-1970 wagqiba ekubeni asebenzise indlela yonxibelelwano evelayo, amajelo eendaba ezentlalo, kunye nonomathotholo we-intanethi ukuqhuba izigidi zabaphembeleli benkululeko be-pro-Biafra, abaxhasi kunye nabaxhasi kwisizathu sakhe se-Biafra.
Eli yayilinyathelo lobulumko kuba igama, Radio Biafra lufuziselo kakhulu. IRadio Biafra yayiligama lesikhululo sikanomathotholo sesizwe saseBiafra esasingasekho, kwaye sasisebenza ukusuka ngo-1967 ukuya kutsho ngo-1970. Ngelo xesha, sasisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ingxelo yobuzwe be-Igbo kwihlabathi kunye nokubumba ingqiqo ye-Igbo ngaphakathi kommandla. Ukusukela ngo-2009, iRadio Biafra entsha yasasazwa kwi-intanethi ukusuka eLondon, kwaye itsalele izigidi zabaphulaphuli be-Igbo kubuxoki bayo bobuzwe. Ukutsalela ingqalelo kurhulumente waseNigeria, umlawuli weRadio Biafra kunye nenkokeli ezibiza ngokuba yi-Indigenous People of Biafra, uMnumzana Nnamdi Kanu, wagqiba ekubeni asebenzise iintetho ezivuselelayo kunye namazwi, ezinye zazo zibhekwa njengentetho yenzondo kunye nokukhuthaza. kugonyamelo nemfazwe. Wayesoloko esasaza usasazo olubonisa iNigeria njengezoo kunye namaNigeria njengezilwanyana ezingenangqiqo. Ibhena yekhasi likaFacebook likanomathotholo kunye newebhusayithi ifundeka ngolu hlobo: “Umyezo wezilwanyana obizwa ngokuba yiNigeria.” Wabiza ukunikezelwa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokulwa imfazwe nabantu baseHausa-Fulani basenyakatho ukuba bachasene nokuzimela kweBiafra, echaza ukuba ngeli xesha, iBiafra iya kunqoba iNigeria emfazweni.
Impendulo kaRhulumente kunye nempumelelo yombutho ukuza kuthi ga ngoku
Ngenxa yentetho enenzondo kunye nobundlobongela obubangela imiyalezo eyayisasaza ngeRadio Biafra, uNnamdi Kanu wabanjwa ngo-Oktobha 2015 ekubuyeleni kwakhe eNigeria yiNkonzo yoKhuseleko lukaRhulumente (SSS). Wabanjwa waze wakhululwa ngoAprili 2017 ngebheyile. Ukubanjwa kwakhe kwatyhola umoya waseNigeria nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye abalandeli bakhe baqhankqalaza kumazwe ahlukeneyo bechasene nokubanjwa kwakhe. Isigqibo sikaMongameli uBuhari sokuyalela ukubanjwa kukaMnu. Kanu kunye nemibhikisho eyalandela ukubanjwa kwakhokelela ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza kwe-pro-Biafra i-independence movement. Emva kokukhululwa kwakhe ngo-Ephreli 2017, uKanu uye kwindawo esezantsi-mpuma yeNigeria ebiza i-referendum eya kuvula indlela yomthetho yokuzimela kwe-Biafra.
Ukongeza kwinkxaso ye-pro-Biafra yokuzimela efunyenweyo, imisebenzi ye-Kanu ngeRadio Biafra yakhe kunye ne-Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) iye yaphefumlela ingxoxo yelizwe malunga nohlobo lwesakhiwo se-federal yaseNigeria. Uninzi lwezinye iintlanga kunye namanye amaIgbos angayixhasi inkululeko yeBiafra acebisa inkqubo yomanyano yolawulo lwamagunya apho imimandla okanye amazwe aya kuba nokuzimela geqe kwezemali ukulawula imicimbi yawo kunye nokuhlawula isabelo esifanelekileyo serhafu kurhulumente wobumbano. .
Uhlalutyo lweHermeneutic: Yintoni esinokuyifunda kwizifundo zemibutho yentlalontle?
Imbali isifundisa ukuba imibutho yentlalontle idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni utshintsho lwesakhiwo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo kumazwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Ukususela kwintshukumo yokubhubhisa ukuya kwintshukumo yamaLungelo oLuntu kunye nentshukumo yangoku ye-Black Lives Matter e-United States, okanye ukunyuka kunye nokusasazeka kwe-Arab Spring kuMbindi Mpuma, kukho into ekhethekileyo kuzo zonke iintshukumo zentlalo: ukukwazi kwabo ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye bathethe ngokungenaloyiko kwaye batsale ingqwalaselo yoluntu kwiimfuno zabo zobulungisa nokulingana okanye iinguqu kulwakhiwo nomgaqo-nkqubo. Njengeentshukumo zentlalo eziyimpumelelo okanye ezingaphumeleliyo kwihlabathi jikelele, umbutho wokuzimela we-pro-Biafra ophantsi kwesambulela se-Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) uye waphumelela ekutsaleni ingqalelo yoluntu kwiimfuno zabo kunye nokutsala izigidi zabaxhasi kunye novelwano.
Izizathu ezininzi zinokuchaza ukunyuka kwabo kwinqanaba eliphambili lengxoxo-mpikiswano yesizwe kunye namaphepha angaphambili amaphephandaba amakhulu. Okungundoqo kuzo zonke iinkcazo ezinokunikwa ngumbono "womsebenzi weemvakalelo zeentshukumo". Ngenxa yokuba amava emfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra yanceda ekubunjweni kwembali edibeneyo kunye nenkumbulo yeqela lesizwe sase-Igbo, kulula ukubona indlela uvakalelo oluye lwaba negalelo ngayo ekusasazeni i-pro-Biafra intshukumo yokuzimela. Emva kokufumanisa kunye nokubukela iividiyo zokubulawa kwabantu okumanyumnyezi kunye nokufa kwe-Igbos ngexesha lemfazwe, abantu baseNigeria abayinzala yase-Igbo abazalwe emva kwemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra baya kuba nomsindo, babe lusizi, bothuke, kwaye baya kukhulisa intiyo ngakuHausa-Fulani yase- mantla. Iinkokeli zaBantu boMthonyama baseBiafra bayayazi loo nto. Kungenxa yoko le nto babandakanya imifanekiso eyoyikisayo kunye neevidiyo zemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra kwimiyalezo yabo kunye nepropaganda njengezizathu zokuba bafuna ukuzimela.
Ukuvuswa kwezi mvakalelo, iimvakalelo okanye iimvakalelo ezinamandla zithande ukugubungela kwaye zicinezele ingxoxo yesizwe enengqiqo malunga nomba we-Biafra. Njengoko i-activist ye-pro-Biafra yokuzimela ixhamla kwimeko echaphazelekayo yamalungu abo, abaxhasi kunye nabaxhasi, baphinde bajongane kwaye bacinezele iimvakalelo ezimbi ezibhekiswe kubo yiHausa-Fulani kunye nabanye abangayixhasi intshukumo yabo. Umzekelo nguJuni 6, 2017 isaziso sokugxothwa esinikwe ama-Igbos ahlala kumantla eNigeria yimbumbano yamaqela olutsha asemantla phantsi kwe-ambrella ye-Arewa Youth Consultative Forum. Isaziso sokukhutshwa siyalela zonke ii-Igbos ezihlala kuwo onke amazwe asemantla eNigeria ukuba ziphume zingekapheli iinyanga ezintathu kwaye zicela ukuba zonke iiHausa-Fulani ezikwimpuma yeNigeria zibuyele ngasentla. Eli qela latsho ngokuphandle ukuba lizakubandakanyeka kwizenzo zobundlobongela ngokuchasene nama-Igbos ala ukuthobela isaziso sokukhupha kwaye afuduke ngomhla woku-1 kuOkthobha wowama-2017.
Olu phuhliso kwi-Nigeria ecalucalulo ngokobuhlanga nangonqulo lutyhila ukuba ukuze abaphembeleli bemibutho yentlalontle baqhubele phambili ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwaye mhlawumbi baphumelele, kuya kufuneka bafunde indlela yokungaqokeleli kuphela iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo ukuxhasa i-ajenda yabo, kodwa nendlela yokucinezela kunye nokujongana. ngeemvakalelo ezijoliswe kubo.
Abantu bomthonyama base-Biafra (IPOB)'s Agitation for the Independence of Biafra: Iindleko kunye neNzuzo
Isiphithiphithi esiqhubekayo sokuzimela geqe kweBiafra sinokuchazwa njengengqekembe enamacala amabini. Kwelinye icala kubhalwe ibhaso elihlawulwe ngabantu base-Igbo okanye baya kuhlawula isiphithiphithi se-Biafra. Kwelinye icala kukrolwe izibonelelo zokuzisa imiba yeBiafra eluntwini ukuze kuxoxwe ngayo kwilizwe lonke.
Abaninzi base-Igbos kunye nabanye baseNigeria sele behlawule ibhaso lokuqala lo kuphazamiseka kwaye baquka ukufa kwezigidi zabantu baseBiafra kunye nabanye baseNigeria ngaphambi, ngexesha nangemva kwemfazwe yaseNigeria-Biafra ye-1967-1970; ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropathi nezinye iziseko ezingundoqo; indlala kunye nokuqhambuka kwekwashiorkor (isifo esoyikekayo esibangelwa yindlala); ukukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwezopolitiko ii-Igbos kwicandelo lesigqeba likarhulumente; intswela-ngqesho nobuhlwempu; ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yemfundo; imfuduko enyanzelwayo ekhokelela ekuphelelweni kwengqondo kummandla; ukunqongophala kophuhliso; ingxaki yezempilo; trauma transgenerational, njalo njalo.
Isiphithiphithi sanamhlanje senkululeko ye-Biafra siza neziphumo ezininzi kwiqela lesizwe sama-Igbo. Ezi kodwa azikhawulelwanga kwi-intra-ethnic division ngaphakathi kweqela le-Igbo phakathi kweqela lokuzimela le-pro-Biafra kunye neqela lokuzimela le-anti-Biafra; ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yemfundo ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kolutsha kuqhankqalazo; izigrogriso zoxolo nokhuseleko kulo mmandla nto leyo eza kuthintela abatyali-zimali bangaphandle okanye abavela kumazwe angaphandle ukuba beze kutyalo-mali kumazwe akumazantsi-mpuma kunye nokuthintela abakhenkethi ekuhambeni ukuya kumazwe akumzantsi-mpuma; ukudodobala koqoqosho; ukuvela kothungelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho olunokuthi luqweqwedise intshukumo engenabundlobongela kwimisebenzi yolwaphulo-mthetho; ukujongana nomthetho okunokuthi kubangele ukubhubha kwabaqhankqalazi njengoko kwenzekile ekupheleni kuka-2015 nango-2016; ukuncitshiswa kweHausa-Fulani okanye ukuzithemba kweYoruba kumntu onokuthi abe ngumgqatswa we-Igbo kunyulo lukamongameli eNigeria oluya kwenza ukhetho lomongameli wase-Igbo waseNigeria lube nzima kunanini ngaphambili.
Phakathi kweenzuzo ezininzi zeengxoxo zelizwe malunga nokuphazamiseka kokuzimela kwe-Biafra, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuba abantu baseNigeria banokubona oku njengethuba elihle lokuba nengxoxo enentsingiselo kwindlela urhulumente wesigqeba esakhiwe ngayo. Into efunekayo ngoku ayiyompikiswano etshabalalisayo ngokubhekiselele ekubeni ngubani utshaba okanye ngubani olungile okanye ongalunganga; kunokuba into efunekayo yingxoxo eyakhayo malunga nendlela yokwakha i-inccessive, intlonipho, ukulingana kunye nelizwe laseNigeria nje.
Mhlawumbi, indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqalisa ukuphonononga ingxelo ebalulekileyo kunye neengcebiso ezivela kwi-2014 National Dialogue ehlanganiswe nguGoodluck Jonathan ulawulo kunye nokuhamba ngabameli be-498 kuzo zonke iintlanga zaseNigeria. Njengezinye iinkomfa ezininzi ezibalulekileyo zelizwe okanye iingxoxo eNigeria, iingcebiso ezivela kwi-2014 National Dialogue ayizange iphunyezwe. Mhlawumbi, eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphonononga le ngxelo kunye nokuza neengcinga ezisebenzayo nezinoxolo malunga nendlela yokuphumeza uxolelwaniso lwesizwe kunye nobunye ngaphandle kokulibala ukujongana nemiba emalunga nokungabikho kobulungisa.
Njengoko uAngela Davis, umlweli wamalungelo oluntu waseMelika, ebesoloko esithi, “into efunekayo lutshintsho lwenkqubo kuba izenzo zomntu zodwa azinakuzicombulula iingxaki.” Ndiyakholelwa ukuba utshintsho olunyanisekileyo kunye nenjongo yomgaqo-nkqubo oluqala kwinqanaba lomdibaniso kunye nokunwenwela kumazwe kuya kuhamba indlela ende ekubuyiseleni ukuzithemba kwabemi kwilizwe laseNigeria. Kuhlalutyo lokugqibela, ukuze bakwazi ukuhlala kunye ngoxolo kunye nemvisiswano, abemi baseNigeria kufuneka bajongane nomba weengcamango kunye nokukrokrelana phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga kunye neenkolo eNigeria.
Umbhali, UGqr. Basil Ugorji, nguMongameli kunye ne-CEO yeZiko leHlabathi le-Ethno-Religious Mediation. Wafumana isidanga sePh.D. kuHlahlelo lweNgxwabangxwaba kunye noSombululo oluvela kwiSebe leZifundo zokuSombulula iiNgxwabangxwaba, kwiKholeji yoBugcisa, uBuntu kunye neSayensi yeNtlalo, kwiYunivesithi yaseNova kuMzantsi-mpuma, eFort Lauderdale, eFlorida.
