Imbonakalo yeMisa-ingqondo

Basil Ugorji kunye neClark Centre Scholars Manhattanville College

UGqr Basil Ugorji kunye nabanye abafundisi beClark Centre ngexesha labo loku-1 kwiNkqubo yoMgqibelo yokuBambisa iinkolo ngeenkolo ebanjwe ngoSeptemba 24, 2022 eManhattanville College, Purchase, New York. 

Enye yezona zinto ziphambili ezihlala ziphembelela ungquzulwano ngokwenkolo kumazwe ehlabathi jikelele inokunxulunyaniswa nemeko ebulalayo yokucinga ngobuninzi, ukukholelwa okumfamekileyo kunye nokuthobela. Kumazwe amaninzi, abanye abantu banengcamango yokuba amalungu ohlanga okanye amaqela onqulo aziintshaba zabo. Bacinga ukuba akukho nto ilungileyo iya kuze iphume kubo. Ezi ziziphumo zezikhalazo kunye nocalucalulo olude lwaqokelelwa ixesha elide. Njengoko siphawula, izikhalazo ezinjalo zisoloko zibonakala ngokungathembeki, ukunganyamezeli okukhulu nentiyo. Kwakhona, kukho amalungu athile eenkonzo zonqulo, ngaphandle kwesizathu, angafuniyo ukunxulumana, ukuhlala, ukuhlala okanye kwanokuxhawula izandla nabantu bezinye iinkonzo. Ukuba abo bantu bacelwa ukuba bachaze isizathu sokuba baziphathe ngolo hlobo, basenokungabi nazizathu zibambekayo okanye ingcaciso. Baya kuthi kuwe: “Safundiswa loo nto”; “abahlukile kuthi”; “Asinayo inkqubo yeenkolelo ezifanayo”; “bathetha ulwimi olwahlukileyo kwaye banenkcubeko eyahlukileyo”.

Sihlandlo ngasinye ndiphulaphula loo mazwi, ndiziva ndiphoxeke ngokupheleleyo. Kuzo, umntu ubona indlela umntu aphantsi ngayo kwaye agwetyelwe kwimpembelelo eyonakalisayo yebutho ahlala kulo.

Kunokuba azinikele kwezo nkolelo, mntu ngamnye ufanele ajonge ngaphakathi aze abuze oku: ukuba ibutho loluntu elisondeleyo lindixelela ukuba omnye umntu ungendawo, ungaphantsi, okanye ulutshaba, ndicinga ntoni mna ndingumntu oqiqayo? Ukuba abantu bathetha kakubi ngabanye abantu, ndimele ndisekele kweziphi izizathu izigwebo zam? Ngaba ndithabatheka koko abantu bakutshoyo, okanye ngaba ndiyabamkela yaye ndibahlonela abanye njengabantu abafana nam, kungakhathaliseki ukuba baneenkolelo zonqulo okanye imvelaphi yobuhlanga?

Kwincwadi yakhe enomxholo othi, Umntu ongaZifumaniyo: Ingxaki yoMntu kuMbutho wanamhlanje, UCarl Jung [i] uthi “ubuninzi bobomi bomntu ngamnye kuluntu buye balawulwa yinkcubeko yokucinga ngobuninzi kunye nokuhlanganisana.” UJung uchaza ukuba neengqondo zabantu abaninzi “njengokuncitshiswa kwabantu ekubeni bengachazwanga, becinga into efanayo, ukuze baphenjelelwe bubuxoki nezibhengezo ukuze baphumeze nawuphi na umsebenzi ofunwa ngabo basemagunyeni.” Umoya wokufuna ukucinga ngesininzi unokumthoba umntu, ‘umenze azive engento yanto kwananjengokuba uluntu lusenza inkqubela.’ Indoda enenyambalala ayinakuzicingela, ilusana kwindlela eziphatha ngayo, “ayinangqiqo, ayikhathali, ineemvakalelo, iyaguquguquka yaye ayithembekanga.” Ngobunzima, umntu ulahlekelwa ixabiso lakhe kwaye abe lixhoba le "-isms." Engabonisi mvakalelo yokubekek’ ityala ngezenzo zakhe, indoda eninzi ikufumanisa kulula ukwenza izenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezoyikekayo ngaphandle kokucinga, yaye ikhula ixhomekeke ngakumbi kuluntu. Esi simo sengqondo sinokukhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele kunye neengxabano.

Kutheni le nto ukuba neengqondo zabantu abaninzi kusisiqalo songquzulwano lwenkolo? Oku kungenxa yokuba ibutho labantu esiphila kulo, amajelo eendaba, namaqela athile ezizwe neenkonzo zonqulo asinika imbono enye kuphela, indlela enye yokucinga, yaye akakhuthazi imibuzo enzulu nengxoxo ngokuphandle. Ezinye iindlela zokucinga—okanye ukutolika—azinanzwa okanye zijongelwa phantsi. Ingqiqo kunye nobungqina buthanda ukungahoywa kwaye ukukholelwa okumfamekileyo kunye nokuthobela kukhuthazwa. Ke ngoko, ubugcisa bokubuza, obungundoqo kuphuhliso lwefakhalthi ebalulekileyo, bubambekile. Ezinye iimbono, iinkqubo zeenkolelo okanye iindlela zobomi ezichasene noko iqela likholelwa ukuba zikhatywa ngamandla kwaye zikhatywa. Olu hlobo lwengqondo lubonakala kuluntu lwethu lwangoku kwaye lubangele ukungaboni ngasonye phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga neenkolo ezahlukeneyo.

Isimo sengqondo sokucinga ngobuninzi kufuneka sithatyathelw' indawo sisimo sengqondo sokubuza, ukuhlaziya nokuqonda ukuba kutheni ezinye iinkolelo kufuneka zibanjwe okanye ziyekwe. Abantu kufuneka bathathe inxaxheba ngokubonakalayo hayi nje ukulandela ngokungenzi nto nokugcina imithetho. Kufuneka bafake isandla okanye banikele ngokulungeleyo ngokubanzi, kwaye bangadli nje kwaye balindele ukunikwa ngaphezulu.

Ukuze utshintshe olu hlobo lwengqondo, kukho imfuneko yokukhanyisa yonke ingqondo. Njengoko uSocrates eya kuthi “ubomi obungahlolisiswanga abufanelanga ukuphila emntwini,” abantu kufuneka bazihlolisise, baphulaphule ilizwi labo elingaphakathi, baze babe nesibindi sokusebenzisa ingqondo yabo ngaphambi kokuba bathethe okanye benze okuthile. Ngokutsho kuka-Immanuel Kant, “Ukhanyiselo kukuphuma komntu ekungakhuli okuzibekele kona. Ukungakhuli kukungakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqonda komntu ngaphandle kokukhokelwa komnye. Oku kungakhuli kuzenzela xa isizathu sakho singekho ekusweleni ukuqonda, kodwa kukuswela ukuzimisela nesibindi sokusisebenzisa ngaphandle kwesikhokelo somnye. Sapere Aude! [Yiba nesibindi sokwazi] “Yiba nesibindi sokusebenzisa ukuqonda kwakho!” – eso saci sokhanyiso”[ii].

Ukuxhathisa le ngcinga yobunzima kunokwenziwa kuphela ngokusebenzayo ngumntu oqonda ubuntu bakhe, utshilo uCarl Jung. Ukhuthaza ukuphononongwa kwe-'microcosm - umboniso we-cosmos enkulu kwi-miniature'. Kufuneka sicoce eyethu indlu, siyibeke ngolungelelwano ngaphambi kokuba siye phambili sibeka abanye kunye nehlabathi liphela ngolungelelwano, kuba “Ayinangxaki”, “akukho mntu unika into angenayo”. Kwakhona kufuneka sihlakulele isimo sengqondo sokuphulaphula ukuze simamele ngakumbi isingqisho somntu wethu wangaphakathi okanye ilizwi lomphefumlo, kwaye sithethe kancinci ngabanye abangabelani ngeenkolelo ezifanayo nathi.

Ndiyibona le Nkqubo yokuRetreat ngoMgqibelo njengethuba lokuzihlolisisa. Enye into endakha ndayibiza ngokuba yi-Voice of the Soul Workshop kwincwadi endayipapasha ngo-2012. Ukuhlehla okufana neli lithuba legolide lenguquko ukusuka kwisimo sengqondo sokucinga ngobuninzi ukuya kumntu obonakalisa ubuntu, ukusuka kwi-passivity ukuya kumsebenzi, ukusuka ekubeni ngumfundi ukuya. ubunkokeli, kwaye ukusuka kwisimo sengqondo sokwamkela ukuya kwelo lokupha. Ngalo, siyamenywa kwakhona ukuba sikhangele kwaye sifumane amandla ethu, ubutyebi bezisombululo kunye nezakhono ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwethu, ezifunekayo ekusonjululweni kweengxabano, uxolo kunye nophuhliso kumazwe kwihlabathi jikelele. Ke ngoko siyamenywa ukuba sitshintshe ingqwalasela yethu ukusuka “kokwangaphandle”—into elapha phandle—“yangaphakathi”—into eqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwethu. Isiphumo solu qheliselo kukuphumeza metanoiaumzamo ozenzekelayo wengqondo wokuziphilisa kwingxabano enganyamezelekiyo ngokunyibilika kwaye emva koko izalwe ngokutsha ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo [iii].

Phakathi kweziphazamiso ezininzi kunye nezinto ezikhangayo, izityholo kunye nezityholo, intlupheko, ukubandezeleka, ubugwenxa, ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye neengxabano ezinobundlobongela kumazwe amaninzi emhlabeni jikelele, i-Voice of the Soul Workshop apho le ngqungquthela isimema, inika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokufumanisa. ubuhle kunye neenyani ezilungileyo zendalo umntu ngamnye aziphethe ngaphakathi kwakhe, kunye namandla "obomi bomphefumlo" othetha ngobubele kuthi cwaka. Ngoko ke, ndiyakumema ukuba “ungene nzulu kwelakho ingcwele engaphakathi, kude kuko konke ukungxama nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba zizihempe zobomi bangaphandle, uthi cwaka uphulaphule izwi lomphefumlo, uve izibongozo zawo. , ukwazi amandla alo”[iv]. "Ukuba ingqondo izele yinkuthazo ephezulu, imigaqo emihle, ubukhosi, ubuhle, kunye nemigudu ephakamisayo, ilizwi lomphefumlo liyathetha kunye nobubi kunye nobuthathaka obuvela kwicala elingaphuhliswanga kunye nokuzingca kwemvelo yethu yoluntu ayinakungena, ngoko baya kungena. fa ngaphandle”[v].

Umbuzo endifuna ukunishiya nawo ngowokuba: Leliphi igalelo ekufanele sibe nalo njengabemi abanamalungelo, iimfanelo nezinyanzeliso (ingabi ngurhulumente kuphela, nditsho neenkokeli zethu zobuhlanga okanye ezenkolo okanye nabanye abakwizikhundla zoluntu)? Ngamanye amazwi, yintoni esifanele siyenze ukuze senze ihlabathi lethu libe yindawo engcono?

Ukucamngca ngolu hlobo lombuzo kukhokelela ekuqondeni nasekufumaneni ubutyebi bethu bangaphakathi, amandla, iitalente, amandla, injongo, ulangazelelo kunye nombono. Endaweni yokulinda urhulumente abuyisele uxolo nomanyano, siyakukhuthazwa ukuba siqalise ukuthabatha inkunzi yenkomo ngeempondo zayo ukuze sisebenzele uxolo, uxolelwaniso, uxolo nomanyano. Ngokwenza oku, sifunda ukuba nembopheleleko, inkalipho nokukhuthala, yaye sichitha ixesha elincinane sithetha ngobuthathaka babanye abantu. Njengoko uKatherine Tingley esitsho, “khawucinge okomzuzwana ngendalo yamadoda akrelekrele. Ukuba baye bayeka baza babuya bethandabuza ngexesha laxa intshukumisa yobuthixo yabachukumisayo, asifanele sibe nomculo obalaseleyo, imizobo emihle, imizobo ephefumlelweyo, okanye izinto ezimangalisayo eziye zayilwa. La mandla amangalisayo, aphakamisayo, nadalayo avela kwindalo yomntu. Ukuba sonke sasiphila kwingqiqo kunye nokweyiseka kwamathuba ethu amakhulu, sifanele siqonde ukuba siyimiphefumlo kwaye nathi sinelungelo lobuthixo elingaphezu kwayo nantoni na esiyaziyo okanye esiyicingayo. Ukanti sizilahla ezi zinto ngenxa yokuba azamkelekanga kubuntu bethu obulinganiselweyo. Azihambelani neengcamango zethu ebesinazo. Ke siyalibala ukuba siyinxalenye yesicwangciso sobomi esingcwele, ukuba intsingiselo yobomi ingcwele kwaye ingcwele, kwaye sizivumela ukuba sibuyele kumbindi wokungaqondi, ukungaqondi kakuhle, ukuthandabuza, ukungonwabi, kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba ”[vi] .

I-Voice of the Soul Workshop iya kusinceda ukuba sihambe ngaphaya kokungaqondi, izityholo, izityholo, ukulwa, iiyantlukwano zonqulo, kwaye ngenkalipho simele ukuxolelwa, uxolelwaniso, uxolo, imvisiswano, ubunye kunye nophuhliso.

Ukufunda ngakumbi ngesi sihloko, bona Ugorji, Basil (2012). Ukusuka kuBulungisa kwezeNkcubeko ukuya kuXolelwaniso phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe: Ukubonakaliswa kokunokwenzeka kokuLamlelwa kwe-Ethno-Nkolo e-Afrika. EColorado: Ngaphandle kweCofa.

Ucaphulo

[I] UCarl Gustav Jung, ugqirha wengqondo waseSwitzerland kunye nomseki wesayikholoji yokuhlalutya, kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ngumntu ngamnye, inkqubo yengqondo yokudibanisa izinto ezichasayo kubandakanya ukwazi nokungabi nazingqondweni ngelixa begcina ukuzimela kwabo, okuyimfuneko ukuba umntu aphile. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngethiyori ye-Mass-mindedness, bona Jung, Carl (2006) . Umntu ongatyhilekanga: Ingxaki yomntu ngamnye kuMbutho wanamhlanje. New American Library. iphepha 15-16; kwakhona ufunde Jung, CG (1989a). Iinkumbulo, amaphupha, iingcinga (Rev. ed., C. Winston & R. Winston, Trans.) (A. Jaffe, Ed.). ENew York: I-Random House, Inc.

[Ii] U-Immanuel Kant, Impendulo kumbuzo othi: Yintoni ukuKhanya? Konigsberg ePrussia, 30 Septemba 1784.

[iii] Ukusuka kwisiGrike μετάνοια, imetanoia lutshintsho lwengqondo okanye intliziyo. Funda iPsychology kaCarl Jung, op cit.

[iv] uKatherine Tingley, Ubukhazikhazi boMphefumlo (I-Pasadena, eCalifornia: i-Theosophical University Press), i-1996, isicatshulwa esithathwe kwisahluko sokuqala sencwadi, ebizwa ngokuthi: "Izwi lomphefumlo", ekhoyo: http://www.theosociety.org/pasadena/splendor/spl-1a .htm. U-Katherine Tingley wayeyinkokeli ye-Theosophical Society (eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Universal Brotherhood kunye ne-Theosophical Society) ukusuka kwi-1896 ukuya kwi-1929, kwaye ukhunjulwa ngokukodwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokuhlaziya imfundo kunye nentlalontle esekelwe kwikomkhulu lehlabathi loMbutho ePoint Loma, eCalifornia.

[v] Ibid.

[vi] Ibid.

Basil Ugorji kunye neClark Centre Scholars kwiKholeji yaseManhattanville

UGqr Basil Ugorji kunye nabanye abafundisi beClark Centre ngexesha labo loku-1 kwiNkqubo yoMgqibelo yokuBambisa iinkolo ngeenkolo ebanjwe ngoSeptemba 24, 2022 eManhattanville College, Purchase, New York. 

“Into eyenzekileyo yokucinga ngobuninzi,” Intetho kaBasil Ugorji, Ph.D. kwiKholeji yaseManhattanville Sr. Mary T. Clark Centre for Religion and Social Justice's 1st Annual Interfaith Saturday Retreat Programme ebanjwe ngoMgqibelo, Septemba 24, 2022, 11am-1pm e-East Room, Benziger Hall. 

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Amanqaku Afana

Iinkonzo e-Igboland: Ukwahluka, Ukufaneleka kunye nokubakho

Unqulo sesinye seziganeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinefuthe elingenakuphikiswa eluntwini naphina ehlabathini. Njengobungcwele njengoko kubonakala ngathi, inkolo ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ubukho babemi bomthonyama kodwa ikwanayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wokubaluleka kwimeko yobuhlanga kunye nophuhliso. Ubungqina bembali kunye ne-ethnographic kwiibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namagama okwenziwa kweziganeko zenkolo zininzi. Isizwe sama-Igbo kuMazantsi eNigeria, kumacala omabini oMlambo iNiger, lelinye lawona maqela makhulu enkcubeko yabarhwebi abamnyama eAfrika, anenzondelelo yenkolo engathandabuzekiyo ebandakanya uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yemveli. Kodwa imeko yonqulo yaseIgboland ihlala iguquka. Ukuza kuthi ga kowe-1840, eyona nkolo ibalaseleyo yamaIgbo yayiyeyemveli okanye yemveli. Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, xa kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu kuloo mmandla, kwabakho umkhosi omtsha owawuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ulungelelanise inkangeleko yonqulo lwaloo mmandla. UbuKristu bakhula baba ncinane kakhulu kulawulo lwamva. Phambi kwekhulu leminyaka yobuKristu e-Igboland, amaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo ezingaphantsi kwe-hegemonic zavela ukuze zikhuphisane neenkolo zemveli zaseIgbo kunye nobuKristu. Eli phepha lilandelela iiyantlukwano zenkolo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo e-Igboland. Itsala idatha yayo kwimisebenzi epapashiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nezinto zobugcisa. Iphikisa ukuba njengoko iinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yenkolo ye-Igbo iya kuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kunye / okanye ukulungelelanisa, nokuba kukubandakanya okanye ukuhluka phakathi kweenkolo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo, ukuze kuphile i-Igbo.

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Ukuguqulwa kwiSilamsi kunye nobuzwe bobuhlanga eMalaysia

Eli phepha licandelo leprojekthi yophando enkulu egxile ekunyukeni kobuhlanga baseMalay kunye nobukhulu eMalaysia. Ngelixa ukunyuka kobuzwe bobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo, eli phepha lijolise ngokukodwa kumthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSilamsi eMalaysia kwaye nokuba uye womeleza na uvakalelo lobunganga baseMalay. IMalaysia lilizwe elinezizwe ngezizwe kunye neenkolo ezininzi elafumana inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kwiBritane. AmaMalay lelona qela likhulu belisoloko liluthatha unqulo lobuSilamsi njengenxalenye yesazisi sawo esilwahlula kwezinye iintlanga ezazingeniswa kweli lizwe ngexesha lolawulo lobukoloniyali baseBritani. Ngelixa ubuSilamsi buyinkolo esemthethweni, uMgaqo-siseko uvumela ezinye iinkolo ukuba zenziwe ngoxolo ngabantu baseMalaysia abangengoMalay, oko kukuthi amaTshayina namaIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho wamaSilamsi olawula imitshato yamaSilamsi eMalaysia ugunyazise ukuba abo bangengawo amaSilamsi baguqukele kwiSilamsi ukuba banqwenela ukutshata namaSilamsi. Kweli phepha, ndixela ukuba umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSilamsi usetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokuqinisa imvakalelo yobuzwe baseMalaysia eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqokelelwa ngokusekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe kunye namaSilamsi aseMalay atshate nabangengabo amaMalay. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba uninzi lwabantu ekwadliwan’ indlebe nabo baseMalaysia bajonga ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi njengento eyimfuneko njengoko kufunwa yinkolo yamaSilamsi kunye nomthetho welizwe. Ukongeza, ababoni sizathu sokuba abantu abangengabo amaMalay bangachasa ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi, njengoko betshatile, abantwana baya kuqwalaselwa ngokuzenzekelayo njengeMalay ngokoMgaqo-siseko, ohamba nenqanaba kunye namalungelo. Iimbono zabantu abangengoMalay abaguqukele kubuSilamsi zazisekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe lwesibini oluye lwenziwa ngabanye abaphengululi. Njengoko ukuba ngumSilamsi kunxulunyaniswa nokuba ngumMalay, abantu abaninzi abangengoMalay abaguqukileyo baziva behluthwe imvakalelo yabo yenkolo neyobuhlanga, kwaye baziva becinezelekile ukuba bamkele inkcubeko yohlanga lwaseMalay. Nangona ukutshintsha umthetho woguqulo kunokuba nzima, iingxoxo ezivulekileyo zeenkolo ngeenkolo ezikolweni nakumacandelo karhulumente inokuba linyathelo lokuqala lokujongana nale ngxaki.

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