Kweneke ntoni? Imvelaphi yezembali kungquzulwano

I-Congo inikwe owona mmandla mkhulu wehlabathi wokugcinwa kwezimbiwa, uqikelelwa kuma-24 eetriliyoni zeedola (i-Kors, 2012), elingana ne-GDP yaseYurophu ne-United States zidibene (Noury, 2010). Emva kweMfazwe yokuqala yaseCongo eyagxotha uMobutu Sese Seko ngo-1997, iinkampani zemigodi ezazifuna ukuxhaphaza izimbiwa zaseCongo zatyikitya izivumelwano zoshishino noLaurent Desire Kabila nangaphambi kokuba athathe isikhundla. I-Banro Mining Corporation ithenge izihloko zemigodi ezizeze-Société Minière et Industrielle du Kivu (SOMINKI) eSouth Kivu (eKamituga, eLuhwindja, eLuguswa naseNamoya). Kwi-2005, u-Banro waqala inkqubo yokuhlola e-Luhwindja chefferie, kwintsimi ye-Mwenga, elandelwa yi-extraction kwi-2011.

Iprojekthi yezemigodi yenkampani ikwimimandla ebifudula ingabemi basekuhlaleni, apho bebeziphilisa ngokusebenza kwemigodi yezobugcisa kunye nezolimo. Iilali ezintandathu (iBigaya, iLuciga, iBuhamba, iLwaramba, iNyora kunye neCibanda) zithe zafuduswa zasiwa kwindawo enentaba ebizwa ngokuba yiCinjira. Isiseko senkampani (umzobo 1, iphe. 3) sikwindawo ejikeleze i-183 km2 eyayifudula inabantu abamalunga nama-93,147. Ilali yaseLuciga iyodwa kuqikelelwa ukuba ibinabantu abayi-17,907.^[1] Phambi kokuba bafuduselwe eCinjira, abanini-mhlaba babeneziqinisekiso zobunini ezikhutshwa ziinkosi zasekuhlaleni emva kokunika inkomo, ibhokhwe okanye olunye uphawu lokubulela ekuhlaleni olubizwa ngokuba Kalinzi [appreciation]. Ngokwesithethe saseCongo, umhlaba uthathwa njengepropathi eqhelekileyo ekwabelwana ngayo eluntwini kwaye ingengowabantu ngabanye. Uluntu lwaseBanro lwagxothwa emva kweetayitile zobukoloniyali ezifunyenwe kurhulumente waseKinshasa owahlutha abo babenomhlaba ngokwemithetho yesiNtu.

Ngexesha lophononongo, xa inkampani yayisomba kwaye ithatha iisampulu, uluntu lwaphazanyiswa kukugrunjwa, ingxolo, amatye awe, imingxuma evulekileyo, kunye nemiqolomba. Abantu nezilwanyana bawela emiqolombeni nasemingxunyeni, yaye abanye benzakala ngenxa yokuwa kwamatye. Ezinye izilwanyana azizange zifumaneke emiqolombeni nasemingxunyeni, ngelixa ezinye zabulawa ngamatye adilikayo. Xa abantu baseLuhwindja babeqhankqalaza befuna imbuyekezo, inkampani yala yaza endaweni yoko yaqhagamshelana norhulumente waseKinshasa owathumela amajoni ukuba aye kucinezela olu qhankqalazo. Amajoni adubula abantu, angxwelerha abanye kwaye abanye babulawa okanye bafa kamva ngenxa yamanxeba abawafumene kwindawo engenanyango. Imingxuma kunye nemiqolomba ihlala ivulekile, izaliswe ngamanzi amileyo kwaye xa kunetha, iba yindawo yokuzalela iingcongconi, izisa isifo seengcongconi kubemi abangenazo izixhobo zonyango ezisebenzayo.

Ngo-2015, inkampani yazisa ukunyuka kwepesenti ze-59 kwi-Twangiza reserve yodwa, ngaphandle kokubala i-Namoya, i-Lugushwa kunye ne-Kamituga deposits. Ngo-2016, inkampani yavelisa ii-ounces zegolide eziyi-107,691. Ingeniso efunyenweyo ayibonakali kubomi obuphuculweyo boluntu lwasekuhlaleni, oluhlala luhlwempuzekile, lungasebenzi, kwaye lujongene nokunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu kunye nokusingqongileyo okunokuthi kufake iCongo kwiimfazwe ezinzima. Oku kulandela ukuba ukubandezeleka kwabantu konyuka ngokuhambelana nemfuno yehlabathi yezimbiwa.

Amabali omnye komnye – ukuba iqela ngalinye liyiqonda njani imeko nokuba kutheni

Ibali loMmeli woLuntu lwaseCongo - UBanro usongela ubomi bethu

Isikhundla: U-Banro kufuneka asibuyekeze kwaye aqhubeke nomsebenzi wemigodi kuphela emva kokuthethathethana noluntu. Thina singabanikazi bezimbiwa hayi abantu basemzini. 

Inzala:

Ukhuseleko / Ukhuseleko: Ukufuduswa kwabantu ngenkani kumhlaba wookhokho bethu apho sasiziphilisa khona kunye nembuyekezo engafanelekanga kukunyhasha ngokupheleleyo isidima namalungelo ethu. Sifuna umhlaba ukuze siphile kakuhle kwaye sonwabe. Asinakuba nalo uxolo xa umhlaba wethu uthathwa. Singaphuma njani kule ntlupheko ekubeni singakwazi ukulima okanye umgodi? Ukuba siyaqhubeka nokuhlala singenamhlaba, sishiywe singenandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokujoyina kunye/okanye ukwenza amaqela axhobileyo.

IiMfuno zoQoqosho: Abantu abaninzi abaphangeli kwaye siye saba ngamahlwempu kunangaphambi kokufika kukaBanro. Ngaphandle komhlaba, asinangeniso. Ngokomzekelo, sasidla ngokuba ngabanini size silime imithi yeziqhamo esasiziphilisa ngayo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka. Abantwana babedla ngokutya iziqhamo, iimbotyi neeavokhado. Asisenakukwazi ukuyihlawula loo nto. Abantwana abaninzi bathwaxwa kukungondleki. Abasebenzi basezimayini abasenamsebenzi wam kwakhona. Naphi na apho bafumana khona igolide, uBanro uthi iphantsi kwemvume yayo. Umzekelo, abanye abasebenzi-mgodini bafumana indawo abathi yi-'Makimbilio' (isiSwahili, indawo yokuzimela) eCinjira. UBanro ubanga ukuba uphantsi komhlaba wakhe wemvume. Sasicinga ukuba uCinjira ngowethu nangona iimeko zokuhlala zifana nekampu yeembacu. I-Banro ikwaqinisa ubuqhophololo. Banyoba amagosa karhulumente ukuze asoyikise, aphephe irhafu aze afumane amaxabiso aphantsi. Ukuba yayingeyorhwaphilizo, iKhowudi yeMigodi ka-2002 ibonisa ukuba i-Banro kufuneka igcine indawo yabasebenzi basezimayini kwaye bajonge imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo. Emva kokunyoba amagosa asekuhlaleni, inkampani isebenza ngokukhululekileyo. Benza ngokuthanda kwabo kwaye babanga ukuba ngabanini nasiphi na isiza sezimbiwa esihlala abasebenzi-mgodini, nto leyo eyandisa ungquzulwano kunye nezidubedube eluntwini. Ukuba u-Banro ubanga ukuba ngumnikazi wazo zonke iidiphozithi zezimbiwa apho abantu abangaphezulu kwesigidi abasebenzi basezimayini kunye neentsapho zabo baya kuziphilisa phi? Ekuphela kwendlela eseleyo kuthi kukuthatha imipu ukuze sikhusele amalungelo ethu. Ixesha liyeza xa amaqela axhobileyo aya kuhlasela iinkampani zemigodi. 

Iimfuno zePhysiology: Izindlu uBanro azakhele iintsapho eCinjira zincinci kakhulu. Abazali bahlala kwindlu enye nabantwana babo abafikisayo, ngelixa ngokwesithethe, amakhwenkwe namantombazana kufuneka abe nezindlu ezahlukeneyo kwikhomponi yabazali babo kwaye apho kungenakwenzeka, amakhwenkwe namantombazana aya kuba namagumbi ahlukeneyo. Oku akunakwenzeka kwizindlu ezincinci kunye neekhompawundi ezincinci apho awukwazi ukwakha ezinye izindlu. Nkqu namakhitshi mancinci kangangokuba asinandawo eziko apho besihlala khona silusapho, soja umbona okanye icassava sibalisa amabali. Kwintsapho nganye, indlu yangasese kunye nekhitshi zisondelelene enye kwenye into engekho mpilweni. Abantwana bethu abanayo indawo yokudlala phandle, kuba ezi zindlu zikwinduli enamatye. I-Cinjira ikwinduli engumnqantsa, kwindawo ephakamileyo, namaqondo obushushu aphantsi okwenza jikelele kubanda kakhulu kunye nenkungu engaguqukiyo ethi maxa wambi igqume amakhaya, kwaye yenza ukubonakala kubenzima naphakathi kwemini. Ikwangumnqantsa kakhulu kwaye ayinamithi. Xa umoya uvuthuza unokuwisa umntu obuthathaka. Ukanti, asikwazi nokutyala imithi ngenxa yendawo enamatye.

Ukunyhashwa kokusiNgqongileyo/Ulwaphulo-mthetho: Ngexesha lokuphonononga, i-Banro yatshabalalisa indawo yethu ngemigodi kunye nemiqolomba ehlala ivulekile ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje. Isigaba sokumbiwa kwemigodi sikwanazo neziphumo ezibi ngokunyuka kwemingxuma ebanzi nenzulu. Iintsila ezivela kwimigodi yegolide zigalelwa ecaleni kwendlela kwaye siyakrokrela ukuba zineeasidi zecyanide. Njengoko umfanekiso woku-1 ongezantsi ubonisa, umhlaba apho ikomkhulu lika-Banro likhona ushiywe umqwebedu, uchanabeke kumoya onamandla kunye nokhukuliseko lomhlaba.

Umzobo 1: Indawo yemigodi yeBanro Corporation[2]

I-Banro isebenzisa iasidi ye-cyanide kwaye umsi osuka kumzi-mveliso udibene ukungcolisa umhlaba, umoya kunye namanzi. Amanzi anetyhefu evela kumzi-mveliso akhutshelwa emilanjeni nasemachibini ayimithombo yethu yokuphila. Iityhefu ezifanayo zichaphazela itafile yamanzi. Sijongene nokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga engapheliyo, umhlaza wemiphunga, kunye nezifo ezisezantsi zokuphefumla, izifo zentliziyo kunye nezinye iingxaki ezininzi. Iinkomo, iihagu neebhokhwe ziye zagalelwa ityhefu ngokusela amanzi aphuma kumzi-mveliso, nto leyo eye yaphumela ekufeni. Ukukhutshwa kwesinyithi emoyeni kukwabangela imvula eneasidi eyonakalisa impilo yethu, izityalo, izakhiwo, izinto eziphila emanzini kunye namanye amalungu axhamla kumanzi emvula. Ungcoliseko oluqhubekayo, umhlaba ongcolisekileyo, umoya kunye neetafile zamanzi zinokudala ukungakhuseleki kokutya, ukunqongophala komhlaba kunye nokunqongophala kwamanzi kwaye kunokukhokelela eCongo kwiimfazwe zokusingqongileyo.

Ubunini/uBunini kunye neeNkonzo zeNtlalo: UCinjira ubekwe yedwa kwezinye iindawo. Sisodwa kanti ngaphambili, iilali zethu bezisondelelene. Le ndawo singayibiza njani ngekhaya ekubeni singenazo netayitile? Sihluthwa zonke izibonelelo zentlalo ezisisiseko kuquka izibhedlele nezikolo. Sinexhala lokuba xa sigula, ngakumbi abantwana bethu kunye noomama abakhulelweyo, sinokusweleka ngaphambi kokuba sifikelele kwiziko lonyango. ICinjira ayinazikoli zamabanga aphakamileyo, nto leyo enciphisa imfundo yabantwana bethu kumabanga aphantsi. Kwanangeentsuku ezibandayo ezixhaphake kakhulu entabeni, sihamba imigama emide ukuze sifumane iinkonzo ezisisiseko eziquka unyango, izikolo nemarike. Indlela ekukuphela kwayo eya eCinjira yayakhiwe kwindawo ethambekileyo, ekufikelelwa kuyo kakhulu ziimoto ezinamavili angama-4×4 (ekungekho mntu uqhelekileyo unokufikela kuzo). Izithuthi zikaBanro zezo ezisebenzisa indlela kwaye ziqhutywa ngokungakhathali, nto leyo ebeka esichengeni ubomi babantwana bethu abathi maxa wambi badlale ecaleni kwendlela kwakunye nabantu abawela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Sikhe saba namatyala apho abantu bawiswa phantsi kwaye naxa befile, akukho mntu ubizelwa kuphendula.

Ukuzithemba/Isidima/Amalungelo oLuntu: Isidima kunye namalungelo ethu ayanyhashwa kwilizwe lethu. Ngaba kungenxa yokuba singama-Afrika? Siziva sithotyiwe kwaye asinandawo yokuchaza ityala lethu. Xa iinkosi zazama ukuthetha naloo madoda amhlophe, aziphulaphula. Kukho iyantlukwano enkulu yamandla phakathi kwethu nenkampani ethi, kuba inemali, ibe nolawulo kurhulumente ofanele ukubabiza ukuba baphendule. Singamaxhoba ahlelelekileyo. Urhulumente okanye inkampani ayisihloneli. Bonke baziphatha kwaye basiphatha njengoKumkani uLeopold II okanye iikholoni zaseBelgium ezicinga ukuba zingaphezu kwethu. Ukuba babephezulu, behloniphekile kwaye beneenqobo ezisesikweni, kutheni besiza apha ukuza kuba ubutyebi bethu? Umntu onesidima akebi. Kukwakho nenye into ekunzima ukuyiqonda. Abantu abachasayo kwiiprojekthi zeBanro baphela befile. Umzekelo, owayesakuba nguMwami (inkosi yendawo) yaseLuhindja Philemon …wayechasene nokugxothwa koluntu. Xa wayesiya eFransi, imoto yakhe yatshiswa yaza yafa. Abanye bayanyamalala okanye bafumane iileta ezivela eKinshasa ukuze bangaphazamisi iBanro. Ukuba isidima namalungelo ethu akahlonelwa apha eCongo, yiyiphi enye indawo esinokuhlonelwa ngayo? Leliphi ilizwe esinokulibiza ngokuba likhaya lethu? Ngaba singaya eCanada kwaye siziphathe ngendlela uBanro eziphatha ngayo apha?

Ubulungisa: Sifuna ubulungisa. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesine, sihlupheka kwaye siphindaphinda amabali ethu, kodwa akukho nto yenziweyo. Oku ngaphandle kokubala ukuphangwa kweli lizwe okwaqala ngo-1885 ukukrazula kunye nokwahlulwa kweAfrika. Izenzo zenkohlakalo ezenziwa kweli lizwe, ubomi obulahlekileyo kunye nobutyebi obuphangwe ixesha elide kufuneka bubuyekezwe. 

Ibali loMmeli weBanro – Abantu bayingxaki.

Isikhundla:  ASIYI KUYEKA ukusebenza kwemigodi.

Inzala:

Ezoqoqosho: Igolide esiyembayo ayisimahla. Sityale kwaye sifuna inzuzo. Njengoko umbono wethu kunye nomnqophiso wethu uchaza: Sifuna ukuba "yiNkulumbuso yaseMbindi Afrika inkampani yeGolide yeMigodi," kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, ukwenza izinto ezifanelekileyo, ngamaxesha onke. Iinqobo zethu ezisemgangathweni zibandakanya ukudala ikamva elizinzileyo loluntu oluza kwamkela iindwendwe, ukutyala imali ebantwini kunye nokukhokela ngemfezeko. Besifuna ukuqesha abanye abantu basekuhlaleni kodwa abanazo izakhono esizifunayo. Siyaqonda ukuba uluntu lwalulindele ukuba siphucule iimeko zabo zokuhlala. Asinako uku. Sakha imarike, salungisa ezinye izikolo, salungisa indlela saza sanikezela ngenqwelo yezigulana kwisibhedlele esikufutshane. Asingorhulumente thina. Olwethu lishishini. Uluntu olwathi lwagxothwa lwahlawulwa. Kuwo wonke umthi webhanana okanye weziqhamo, bafumana i-$20.00. Bakhalaza ngelithi asizibuyekezanga ezinye izityalo ezifana ne-bamboo, imithi engenaziqhamo, i-polyculture, icuba, njalo njalo. Ingakanani imali umntu ayifumanayo kwezo zityalo? ECinjira, zinendawo ezinokuthi zilime kuyo imifuno. Banokuzikhulisela ezinkonkxeni okanye kwiveranda. 

Ukhuseleko/Ukhuseleko: Sisongelwa lugonyamelo. Yiyo loo nto sithembele kurhulumente ukuba asikhusele kumkhosi. Abasebenzi bethu baye bahlaselwa izihlandlo ezininzi.[3]

Amalungelo okusingqongileyo: Silandela izikhokelo kwikhowudi yezemigodi kwaye sisebenze ngokuthembekileyo kuluntu olusindleke. Silandela imithetho yelizwe kwaye siziphathe njengabafaki galelo bezoqoqosho abomeleleyo nabathembekileyo kwilizwe nakuluntu, silawula imingcipheko enokubeka esichengeni isidima sethu. Kodwa asinakwenza ngaphezu koko kufunwa yimithetho yelizwe. Sisoloko sizama ukunciphisa imikhondo yendalo esingqongileyo ngokubonisana noluntu. Besifuna ukuqeqesha kunye neekontraka kubantu basekuhlaleni abanokuthi batyale imithi naphi na apho sigqibezele khona iprojekthi yemigodi. Sizimisele ukuyenza loo nto.

Ukuzithemba/Isidima/Amalungelo oLuntu: Silandela iinqobo zethu ezisemgangathweni, oko kukuthi intlonipho ebantwini, ukungafihli, imfezeko, ukuthobela, kwaye sisebenza ngokugqwesileyo. Asinakukwazi ukuthetha naye wonke umntu kwindawo esisindlekileyo. Sikwenza oko ngeenkosi zabo.

Ukukhula kweShishini/Inzuzo: Siyavuya kuba senza ingeniso nangaphezu kokuba besilindele. Oku kungenxa yokuba siwenza ngokunyanisekileyo nangobuchule umsebenzi wethu. Injongo yethu kukwenza igalelo ekukhuleni kwenkampani, intlalo-ntle yabasebenzi bethu, kunye nokudala ikamva elizinzileyo loluntu.

Ucaphulo

Kors, J. (2012). Iminerali yegazi. INzululwazi yangoku, 9(95), 10-12. Ifunyenwe ku https://joshuakors.com/bloodmineral.htm

Noury, V. (2010). Isiqalekiso secoltan. UmAfrika omtsha, (494), 34-35. Ifunyenwe kwi-https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-224534703/the-curse-of-coltan-drcongo-s-mineral-wealth-particularly

[1] Chefferie de Luhwindja (2013). Rapport du recensement de la chefferie de Luhwindja. Inani labafuduswayo liqikelelwa ukususela kubalo lwaseburhulumenteni lokugqibela eCongo ngowe-1984.

[2] Isiseko sikaBanro sikwilali yaseMbwega, e iqela kaLuciga, kwinkosi yaseLuhwundja equka abalithoba amaqela.

[3] Imizekelo ngohlaselo bona: Mining.com (2018) Militia ubulala ezintlanu ekuhlaselweni Banro corp empuma Congo umgodi wegolide. http://www.mining.com/web/militia-kills-five-attack-banro-corps-east-congo-gold-mine/; I-Reuters (2018) Iilori zomgodi wegolide weBanro zihlasele empuma yeCongo, ezimbini zibhubhile: Umkhosi i-congo-ezimbini-ezifile-umkhosi-idUSKBN1KW0IY

IProjekthi yokuLamla: Uphononongo lweCase lokuLamlelwa luphuhliswe ngu Evelyn Namakula Mayanja, 2019