Ukusonjululwa koXolo noKungquzulana: Imbono yeAfrika

Ernest Uwazie

Ukusonjululwa koXolo noKungquzulana: Umbono we-Afrika kunomathotholo we-ICERM usasazwe ngoMgqibelo, umhla we-16 kuTshazimpuzi, ngo-2016 nge-2:30 PM ngexesha laseMpuma (eNew York).

Ernest Uwazie

Mamela inkqubo yengxoxo kanomathotholo ye-ICERM, “Lets Talk About It,” kudliwanondlebe olukhuthazayo noGqr. Ernest Uwazie, uMlawuli, Iziko loXolo lwaseAfrika kunye noSombululo lwengxabano kunye noNjingalwazi woBulungisa boLwaphulo-mthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia State Sacramento.

Kwesi siqendu, undwendwe lwethu, uProf Ernest Uwazie, uthetha ngeeprojekthi zakhe zoxolo nokusombulula iingxabano e-Afrika nakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika ahlala e-United States.

Njenge Iziko loXolo lwaseAfrika kunye noSombululo lwengxabano ibhiyozela i-25 yayoth isikhumbuzo se-Africa & Diaspora Conference, uProf. Uwazie uxoxa ngezifundo, iindlela ezingcono kunye namathuba oxolo, ukhuseleko kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo e-Afrika.

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Amanqaku Afana

Iinkonzo e-Igboland: Ukwahluka, Ukufaneleka kunye nokubakho

Unqulo sesinye seziganeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinefuthe elingenakuphikiswa eluntwini naphina ehlabathini. Njengobungcwele njengoko kubonakala ngathi, inkolo ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ubukho babemi bomthonyama kodwa ikwanayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wokubaluleka kwimeko yobuhlanga kunye nophuhliso. Ubungqina bembali kunye ne-ethnographic kwiibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namagama okwenziwa kweziganeko zenkolo zininzi. Isizwe sama-Igbo kuMazantsi eNigeria, kumacala omabini oMlambo iNiger, lelinye lawona maqela makhulu enkcubeko yabarhwebi abamnyama eAfrika, anenzondelelo yenkolo engathandabuzekiyo ebandakanya uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yemveli. Kodwa imeko yonqulo yaseIgboland ihlala iguquka. Ukuza kuthi ga kowe-1840, eyona nkolo ibalaseleyo yamaIgbo yayiyeyemveli okanye yemveli. Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, xa kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu kuloo mmandla, kwabakho umkhosi omtsha owawuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ulungelelanise inkangeleko yonqulo lwaloo mmandla. UbuKristu bakhula baba ncinane kakhulu kulawulo lwamva. Phambi kwekhulu leminyaka yobuKristu e-Igboland, amaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo ezingaphantsi kwe-hegemonic zavela ukuze zikhuphisane neenkolo zemveli zaseIgbo kunye nobuKristu. Eli phepha lilandelela iiyantlukwano zenkolo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo e-Igboland. Itsala idatha yayo kwimisebenzi epapashiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nezinto zobugcisa. Iphikisa ukuba njengoko iinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yenkolo ye-Igbo iya kuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kunye / okanye ukulungelelanisa, nokuba kukubandakanya okanye ukuhluka phakathi kweenkolo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo, ukuze kuphile i-Igbo.

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Indima yokunciphisa iNkolo kwi-Pyongyang-Washington Relations

UKim Il-sung wenza ukugembula okubalwayo kwiminyaka yakhe yokugqibela njengoMongameli weDemocratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) ngokukhetha ukusingatha iinkokeli zonqulo ezimbini ePyongyang iimbono zehlabathi zahluke kabukhali kweyakhe kunye neyomnye nomnye. UKim wamkela kuqala uMseki weCawa yoManyano lweBandla uSun Myung Moon kunye nenkosikazi yakhe uGqr. Hak Ja Han Moon ePyongyang ngoNovemba 1991, kwaye ngoAprili 1992 wabamba uMvangeli waseMelika uBilly Graham nonyana wakhe uNed. Zombini iiNyanga kunye neeGrahams bezinobudlelwane bangaphambili nePyongyang. UNyanga kunye nenkosikazi yakhe bobabini babeyinzalelwane yaseMantla. Umfazi kaGraham uRuth, intombi yabavangeli baseMelika eTshayina, wayechithe iminyaka emithathu ePyongyang njengomfundi wesikolo esiphakathi. Iintlanganiso zeNyanga kunye neeGrahams kunye noKim zibe neziphumo zokuqalwa kunye nentsebenziswano eyinzuzo kuMantla. Oku kwaqhubeka phantsi konyana kaMongameli uKim uKim Jong-il (1942-2011) naphantsi kwangoku iNkokeli ePhakamileyo yaseDPRK uKim Jong-un, umzukulwana kaKim Il-sung. Akukho rekhodi yentsebenziswano phakathi kweNyanga kunye namaqela aseGraham ekusebenzeni ne-DPRK; nangona kunjalo, ngamnye uthabathe inxaxheba kumanyathelo okuqala kaTrack II athe anceda kwaye ngamanye amaxesha athomalalise umgaqo-nkqubo we-US ngokubhekiselele kwi-DPRK.

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