Inkolo kunye nobundlobongela: I-2016 ye-Summer Lecture Series
Inkolo kunye noBundlobongela kwi-ICERM Radio yasasazwa ngoMgqibelo, Julayi 30, 2016 @ 2 PM Eastern Time (eNew York).
2016 Summer Lecture Series
Umxholo: "Unqulo Nogonyamelo?"
Undwendwe loMhlohli: Kelly James Clark, Ph.D., uPhando oluPhezulu kwi-Kaufman Interfaith Institute kwiYunivesithi yaseGrand Valley State e-Grand Rapids, MI; Unjingalwazi kwiNkqubo yeHonours yeKholeji yaseBrooks; kunye noMbhali kunye noMhleli weencwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini kunye noMbhali wamanqaku angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu.
Ushicilelo lweNtetho
URichard Dawkins, uSam Harris kunye noMaarten Boudry bathi inkolo kunye nenkolo yodwa ikhuthaza i-ISIS kunye ne-ISIS-efana ne-ISIS kubundlobongela. Bathi ezinye izinto ezinjengokungavunyelwa kwezentlalo noqoqosho, ukungaqeshwa, imvelaphi yentsapho eneengxaki, ucalucalulo nobuhlanga ziye zachaswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Bathi, unqulo lunendima ephambili ekuphembeleleni ugonyamelo oluyingozi.
Ekubeni ibango lokuba inkolo idlala indima encinci yenkuthazo kubundlobongela obugqithileyo ixhaswa ngamandla, ndicinga ukuba amabango kaDawkins, uHarris kunye noBoudry ukuba inkolo kunye nenkolo yodwa ekhuthaza i-ISIS kunye ne-ISIS-efana ne-ISIS kubundlobongela ayinalwazi ngokuyingozi.
Masiqale ngokungenalwazi.
Kulula ukucinga ukuba iingxaki zaseIreland zazizezonqulo kuba, uyazi, zazibandakanya amaProtestanti nxamnye namaKatolika. Kodwa ukunika amacala amagama onqulo kufihla imvelaphi yokwenene yongquzulwano—ucalucalulo, ubuhlwempu, impiriyali, ukuzimela geqe, ubuzwe kunye nehlazo; akukho mntu eIreland wayesilwa ngeemfundiso zezakwalizwi ezinjengokutshintshwa kwewayini ibe yiwayini ibe yiwayini ibe yinyama negazi likaYesu nokoqobo (mhlawumbi babengenako ukucacisa ukungafani kwabo kwezakwalizwi). Kulula ukucinga ukuba imbubhiso yaseBosnia yamaSilamsi angaphezu kwama-40,000 yakhuthazwa kukuzinikela kobuKristu (amaxhoba amaSilamsi abulawa ngamaSerb angamaKristu). Kodwa ezi monikakhi ziluncedo ziyayihoya (a) indlela eyayingekho nzulu ngayo inkolelo yonqulo lwasemva kobuKomanisi kwaye, okona kubaluleke ngakumbi, (b) oonobangela bantsonkothileyo njengodidi, umhlaba, ubuni bohlanga, ukungavunyelwa kwezoqoqosho, nobuzwe.
Kwakhona kulula ukucinga ukuba amalungu e-ISIS kunye ne-al-Qaeda akhuthazwa yinkolelo yenkolo, kodwa…
Ukugxeka ukuziphatha okunjalo elunqulweni kwenza eyona mpazamo ibalulekileyo: kubalelwa unobangela wokuziphatha kwizinto zangaphakathi ezifana neempawu zobuntu okanye isimilo, ngeli lixa ucutha okanye ungahoyi iimeko zangaphandle. Njengomzekelo: ukuba ndifike emva kwexesha, ndibalula ukulibazisa kwam kumnxeba obalulekileyo okanye kwitrafikhi enzima, kodwa ukuba ufika emva kwexesha ndikubalela kwisiphene somlinganiswa (omnye) (awunaluxanduva) kwaye ungahoyi oonobangela abanokuba negalelo bangaphandle. . Ke, xa ama-Arabhu okanye amaSilamsi esenza isenzo sobundlobongela sikholelwa ngoko nangoko ukuba kungenxa yokholo lwawo oluqinileyo, ngalo lonke ixesha singahoyi oonobangela abanokuba negalelo.
Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo.
Kwimizuzu nje embalwa emva kokubulawa kuka-Omar Mateen kwamafanasini e-Orlando, ngaphambi kokuba afunde ukuba wenze isibhambathiso sokuthembeka kwi-ISIS ngexesha lohlaselo, wabizwa ngokuba ngumnqolobi. Ukwenza isibhambathiso kwi-ISIS kwatywinwa isivumelwano kubantu abaninzi-wayengumnqolobi, ekhuthazwa yi-Islam enzulu. Ukuba umntu omhlophe (umKristu) ubulala abantu abayi-10, uyaphambana. Ukuba umSilamsi wenza njalo, ungumnqolobi, okhuthazwa yinto enye kanye – ukholo lwakhe olugabadeleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uMateen, ngawo onke amanani, wayenobundlobongela, enomsindo, exhaphaza, ephazamisayo, eyedwa, enobuhlanga, eMelika, eyindoda, eyindoda. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayeyi-bi-polar. Ngokufikelela lula kwimipu. Ngokutsho kwenkosikazi yakhe kunye noyise, wayengakhonzi kangako. Izibhambathiso zakhe ezininzi zokuthembeka kumaqela alwayo anjenge-ISIS, i-Al Qaeda kunye ne-Hezbollah zibonisa ukuba wayesazi kancinci ngayo nayiphi na ingcamango okanye imfundiso yezakwalizwi. I-CIA kunye ne-FBI ayifumananga uxhumano ne-ISIS. UMateen wayenenzondo, enobundlobongela, (ubukhulu becala) engahloneli nkolo, i-homophobic racist eyabulala abantu be-50 "kwiLatin Night" kwiklabhu.
Ngelixa ulwakhiwo lwenkuthazo kaMateen lufihlile, kuya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukuphakamisa iinkolelo zakhe zonqulo (ezifana nokuba zazinjalo) kwisimo esikhethekileyo senkuthazo.
U-Mohammad Atta, inkokeli yohlaselo lwe-9-11, washiya inqaku lokuzibulala elibonisa ukunyaniseka kwakhe ku-Allah:
Ngoko ke khumbula uThixo, njengoko Watshoyo kwincwadi yaKhe: “Oh, Nkosi yam, phalaza umonde wakho phezu kwethu, Uziqinise iinyawo zethu, Usiphe ukoyisa kwabangakholwayo. Yaye amazwi akhe athi: 'Kwaye kuphela kwento abayithethayo, Nkosi, sixolele izono zethu kunye nokugqithisa kwaye uqinise iinyawo zethu kwaye usinike uloyiso phezu kwabangakholwayo.' Wathi ke umprofeti wakhe: “Owu Nkosi yam, Wena uyityhilile incwadi, Ushukumisa amafu, Wasinika uloyiso phezu kotshaba, siloyise kwaye usinike uloyiso phezu kwalo. Sinike uloyiso kwaye wenze umhlaba ushukume phantsi kweenyawo zabo. Zithandazele wena nabo bonke abazalwana bakho ukuba babe noloyiso kwaye babethe iithagethi zabo kwaye ucele uThixo ukuba akuphe ukufela ukholo ujongene notshaba, ungabalekeli kulo, kwaye ukuba akunike umonde kunye nemvakalelo yokuba nantoni na eyenzekayo kuwe. ukwenzela yena.
Ngokuqinisekileyo sifanele simthobele uAta ngelizwi lakhe.
Ukanti uAtta (ekunye nabanqolobi angoogxa bakhe) wayengafane aye kwi-mosque, esenza iitheko phantse ebusuku, wayelinxila, efutha icocaine, esitya nenyama yehagu. Kunzima kakhulu kwizinto zokungeniswa kwamaSilamsi. Xa intombi yakhe ye-stripper yaphela ubudlelwane babo, waqhekeza kwindlu yakhe wabulala ikati kunye namakati, wakhupha isisu kwaye wawaqhawula emva koko wasasaza amalungu emizimba yabo kuyo yonke indlu ukuze awafumane kamva. Oku kwenza ukuba inqaku lika-Atta lokuzibulala libonakale njengolawulo lwesidima kunesivumo sonqulo. Okanye mhlawumbi yayilithemba eliqinisekileyo lokuba izenzo zakhe zaziya kuzuza uhlobo oluthile lwentsingiselo yendalo yonke awayengenayo ubomi bakhe obungabalulekanga.
Xa uLydia Wilson, umfo ophandayo kwiZiko leSisombululo seNgxwabangxwaba eNganyangekiyo kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford, kutshanje eqhube uphando lwentsimi kunye namabanjwa e-ISIS, wabafumana "abangazi nto ngobuSilamsi" kwaye bengakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo malunga "nomthetho weSharia, i-jihad enomkhosi, kunye neCaliphate.” Ayimangalisi ke into yokuba xa i-jihadists ye-wannabe uYusuf Sarwar kunye no-Mohammed Ahmed babanjwa bekhwela inqwelomoya eNgilani abasemagunyeni bafunyanwa kwimithwalo yabo. UbuSilamsi kwiDummies kwaye IKoran yeeDummies.
Kwakweli nqaku, u-Erin Saltman, umphandi ophezulu ochasene ne-extremism kwi-Institute for Strategic Dialogue, uthi "Ukuqeshwa [kwe-ISIS] kudlala kwiminqweno ye-adventure, i-activism, uthando, amandla, ukubakho, kunye nokuzaliseka ngokomoya."
Iyunithi yesayensi yokuziphatha ye-MI5 yaseNgilani, kwingxelo evuzayo kwi Guardian, yatyhila ukuba, “kunokuba babe ngabantu abanenzondelelo yempambano ngonqulo, uninzi lwabo babandakanyeka kubugrogrisi abaluqheliseli ngokuthe rhoqo ukholo lwalo. Abaninzi abanalwazi ngonqulo yaye banako . . . bagqalwe njengabatsha bonqulo.” Enyanisweni, le ngxelo yathi, “inkolelo yonqulo evunyiweyo iyasikhusela kwiinkqubo ezinogonyamelo.”
Kutheni le nto i-MI5 yaseNgilani icinga ukuba unqulo alunanxaxheba kwaphela kwi-extremism?
Akukho nanye, iprofayili imiselwe kakuhle yabanqolobi. Abanye bangamahlwempu, abanye abakho. Abanye abaphangeli, abanye abasebenzi. Abanye abafundanga, abanye abafundanga. Abanye bazikhethele ngokwenkcubeko yabo, abanye abanjalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zezinto zangaphandle, ngelixa zingekho mfuneko okanye zanele ngokudibeneyo, do igalelo kwi-radicalization kwabanye abantu phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Umntu ngamnye uneembono ezibaxiweyo uneprofayile yakhe ekhethekileyo yezentlalo nezengqondo (nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuchongwa kwabo kuphantse kungenzeki).
Kwimimandla yaseAfrika, enezinga eliphezulu lokungaqeshwa kwabantu abaneminyaka eli-18 ukuya kwengama-34 ubudala, i-ISIS ijolise kubantu abangaphangeliyo nabangamahlwempu; I-ISIS ibonelela ngomvuzo ozinzileyo, umsebenzi onentsingiselo, ukutya kweentsapho zabo, kunye nethuba lokubuyisela kwabo bajongwa njengabacinezeli bezoqoqosho. E-Syria abaninzi abaqeshwa bajoyina i-ISIS kuphela ukubhukuqa ulawulo olubi lwe-Assad; abaphuli-mthetho abakhululekileyo bafumana i-ISIS indawo efanelekileyo yokuzifihla kwixesha labo elidlulileyo. Abantu basePalestine bakhuthazwa kukuthotywa kwesidima ukuphila njengabemi abaphunyeziweyo abakumgangatho wesibini kwilizwe localucalulo.
EYurophu naseMelika, apho uninzi lwabaqeshwa ingabafana abafundileyo nabakumgangatho ophakathi, ukuzahlula ngokwenkcubeko yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeleni amaSilamsi ukuba abe neembono ezibaxiweyo. AmaSilamsi aselula, ahlukanisiweyo atsalwa ngamajelo eendaba athambileyo anika ithuba kunye nozuko kubomi babo obudinayo nobujongelwe phantsi. AmaSilamsi aseJamani akhuthazwa yi-adventure kunye nokwahluka.
Kudala zihambile iintsuku zokumamela iintshumayelo ezikruqulayo nezikruqulayo zika-Osama bin Laden. Abaqeshwa abanezakhono eziphezulu ze-ISIS basebenzisa amajelo eendaba ezentlalo kunye nonxibelelwano lobuqu (kwi-intanethi) ukwenza amaqhina obuqu kunye nawoluntu amanye amaSilamsi angachaphazelekiyo athi ke ahendwe ukuba ashiye ubomi bawo obungenantsingiselo kwaye alwe kunye ngesizathu esihle. Oko kukuthi, baphenjelelwa kukuziva bengabalulekanga kunye nokufuna ukubaluleka komntu.
Omnye usenokucinga ukuba amaphupha eentombi ezinyulu emva kokufa ngokukhethekileyo akhuthaza ugonyamelo. Kodwa ukuya kuthi ga kokunye okulungileyo ngakumbi, malunga nayo nayiphi na ingcamango iya kwenza. Eneneni, iingcamango ezingezizo ezonqulo kule nkulungwane yama-20 ziye zabangela ukubandezeleka nokufa okungaphezu kwawo wonke ugonyamelo oluphenjelelwa lunqulo kwimbali yoluntu ludibene. IJamani ka-Adolf Hitler yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-10,000,000 abamsulwa, ngelixa iWWII yabona ukufa kwabantu abangama-60,000,000 (kunye nokufa okuninzi okubangelwa zizifo ezinxulumene nemfazwe kunye nendlala). Ukutshatyalaliswa kunye neendlala phantsi kolawulo lukaJoseph Stalin zabulala izigidi. Uqikelelo lokufa kukaMao Zedong luvela kwi-40,000,000-80,000,000. Ukubekw’ ityala konqulo ngoku akulikhathaleli inani elimangalisayo lokufa kweengcamango zehlabathi.
Xa abantu beziva ngathi bayinxalenye yeqela elithile, baya kwenza nantoni na, bade benze inkohlakalo, kubazalwana noodade babo kwiqela. Ndinomhlobo owalwela i-US e-Iraq. Yena kunye namaqabane akhe baye bakhula begxeka i-mission yase-US e-Iraq. Nangona wayengasazinikelanga kwiingcamango zaseUnited States, wandixelela ukuba wayenokwenza nantoni na, ade ancame ubomi bakhe, ngenxa yamalungu eqela lakhe. Le ntshukumo iyanda ukuba umntu uyakwazi chaza kunye kwaye bajongele phantsi abo bangekho kwiqela lomntu.
Isazi ngemvelaphi yabantu uScott Atran, okhe wathetha nabanqolobi neentsapho zabo ngakumbi kunaye nawuphi na umphengululi waseNtshona, uyavumelana noko. Ngobungqina kwi-senate yase-US ngo-2010, wathi, "Into ekhuthaza abona banqolobi babulala kakhulu emhlabeni namhlanje ayiyoQuran okanye iimfundiso zenkolo njengesizathu esichukumisayo kunye nokubizelwa kwisenzo esithembisa uzuko nentlonipho emehlweni ezihlobo. , nangabahlobo, intlonelo engunaphakade nenkumbulo kwihlabathi ngokubanzi.” IJihad, wathi, "iyonwabile, iyazuka kwaye ipholile."
IHarvey Whitehouse yaseOxford yalathisa iqela lezizwe ngezizwe labaphengululi ababalaseleyo ngeentshukumisa zokuzincama okugqithiseleyo. Bafumanise ukuba ubundlobongela obubaxiweyo abukhuthazwa lunqulo, buphenjelelwa kukudityaniswa neqela.
Akukho phrofayili yengqondo yomnqolobi wanamhlanje. Abaphambana, basoloko befundile kwaye abaninzi bakwimeko entle kakhulu. Bashukunyiswa, njengolutsha oluninzi, kukuziva bengamalungu, umnqweno wobomi obuchulumancisayo nobunenjongo, nokuzinikela kwinjongo ephakamileyo. Ingcinga egqithisileyo, ngelixa ingeyonto, isezantsi kuluhlu lwezikhuthazo.
Ndathi ukuba unqulo lubangelwa lugonyamelo oluyingozi ubukhulu becala akunalwazi. Ndibonisile ukuba kutheni ibango lingenalwazi. Yiya kwindawo eyingozi.
Ukuqhubela phambili intsomi yokuba inkolo yimbangela ephambili yobugrogrisi idlala ezandleni ze-ISIS kwaye inqanda ukuqatshelwa koxanduva lwethu lokudala iimeko ze-ISIS.
Incwadi yokudlala ye-ISIS, umdla, hayi iQuran, yiyo Ulawulo lweNgcaciso (Icandelo laseTawahoush). Isicwangciso sexesha elide se-ISIS kukudala isiphithiphithi esinjalo ukuba ukuzithoba kwi-ISIS kuya kukhethwa ukuhlala phantsi kweemeko ezimbi zemfazwe. Ukutsala abantu abatsha kwi-ISIS, bafuna ukuphelisa "iNdawo yeGrey" phakathi kwekholwa lokwenene kunye nongakholwayo (apho uninzi lwamaSilamsi luzifumana) ngokusebenzisa "ukuhlaselwa kwamaSilamsi" ukunceda amaSilamsi abone ukuba abangengawo amaSilamsi bayayithiya iSilamsi kwaye bafuna ukwenzakalisa amaSilamsi.
Ukuba amaSilamsi aphakathi aziva ehlukanisiwe kwaye engakhuselekanga ngenxa yocalucalulo, baya kunyanzeleka ukuba bakhethe ukuwexuka (ubumnyama) okanye i-jihad (ukukhanya).
Abo bakholelwa ukuba unqulo yeyona nto iphambili okanye eyona nto ikhuthaza abantu abaneembono ezibaxiweyo, bancedisa ekushenxiseni ummandla ongwevu. Ngokufaka itela yamaSilamsi ngengxubakaxaka eyingozi, baqhubela phambili intsomi yokuba ubuSilamsi lunqulo olunogonyamelo yaye amaSilamsi anogonyamelo. Ingxelo yempazamo kaBoudry ibethelela kumajelo eendaba aseNtshona ukubonakaliswa kakubi kwamaSilamsi njengobundlobongela, abanenzondelelo yempambano, abanoburhalarhume, nabanqolobi (ngokungahoyi i-99.999% yamaSilamsi angengawo). Kwaye ke siya kwi-Islamophobia.
Kunzima kakhulu kubantu baseNtshona ukuba bahlukanise ukuqonda kwabo kunye nokuzonda i-ISIS kunye nezinye ii-extremist ngaphandle kokungena kwi-Islamophobia. Kwaye ukwanda kwe-Islamophobia, ithemba le-ISIS, liya kuhenda amaSulumane amatsha aphume engwevu kwaye alwe.
Uninzi lwamaSilamsi, kufuneka luqatshelwe, lufumana i-ISIS kunye namanye amaqela angoontamo-lukhuni enobuzwilakhe, ecinezelayo kwaye ekhohlakele.
Bakholelwa ukuba iimbono ezibaxiweyo ezinogonyamelo kukugqwethwa kobuSilamsi (njengoko iKKK neWestboro Baptist zigqwethekile kubuKristu). Bacaphula iQuran echaza ukuba kukho akukho sinyanzelo kwimiba yonqulo (Al-Baqara: 256). Ngokutsho kweQuran, imfazwe yenzelwe ukuzikhusela kuphela (Al-Baqarah: 190) kwaye amaSilamsi ayalelwa ukuba angaxhokozeli imfazwe (Al-Hajj: 39). U-Abu-Bakr, iCaliph yokuqala emva kokufa koMprofeti uMuhammad, wanika le miyalelo yemfazwe (yokuzikhusela): “Musa ukungcatsha okanye ubuqhophololo okanye ukuziphindezela. Musa ukusika. Musani ukubulala abantwana, abadala okanye abafazi. Musani ukuyigawula okanye ukuyitshisa imithi yesundu okanye imithi eneziqhamo. Musa ukuxhelela imvu, nankomo, nankamela, ngaphandle kokutya kwakho; Kwaye uya kudibana nabantu abavaleleke ekunquleni eminqubeni, bashiye bodwa kwinto ababezinikele kuyo. ” Xa kujongwa le mvelaphi, ubundlavini obunobundlobongela eneneni bubonakala bugqwethekile kubuSilamsi.
Iinkokeli zamaSilamsi zikwidabi elibukhali elichasene neengcinga ezibaxiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngowama-2001, amawakawaka eenkokeli zamaSilamsi ehlabathini lonke ngokukhawuleza wagxeka ukuhlaselwa kwe-Al Qaeda e-US. NgoSeptemba 14, 2001, phantse iinkokeli zamaSilamsi ezingamashumi amahlanu zatyikitya zaza zasasazwa le nkcazo: “Abatyikitywe ngezantsi, iinkokeli zemibutho yamaSilamsi, zothuswa ziziganeko zangoLwesibini we-11 Septemba 2001 eUnited States ezibangele ukubulawa, ukutshatyalaliswa nokuhlaselwa kwabantu abamsulwa. Sivakalisa uvelwano lwethu olunzulu kunye nosizi. Siyayigxeka, ngeyona ndlela inamandla, iziganeko, ezichasene nazo zonke izithethe zobuntu kunye namaSilamsi. Oku kusekelwe kwiMithetho eNoble of Islam ethintela zonke iintlobo zokuhlaselwa kwabamsulwa. UThixo uSomandla uthi kwiKur’an eNgcwele: ‘Akukho mthwalo womnye unokuthwala umthwalo womnye’ ( Surah al-Isra 17:15 ).”
Okokugqibela, ndicinga ukuba kuyingozi ukuxela ubugqwirha kwinkolo kunye nokungahoyi iimeko zangaphandle, kuba yenza izinto ezigqithisileyo. zabo ingxaki xa nayo yethu ingxaki. Ukuba i-extremism ikhuthazwa yi zabo inkolo, ngoko bona banoxanduva ngokupheleleyo (kwaye bona kufuneka utshintshe). Kodwa ukuba ukugqithisa kukhuthazwa ekuphenduleni iimeko zangaphandle, ngoko ke abo bajongene naloo miqathango banoxanduva (kwaye kufuneka basebenze ukutshintsha loo miqathango). NjengoJames Gilligan, kwi Ukunqanda ubundlobongela, ubhala athi: “Asinakukwazi kwaukuqala ukuluthintela ugonyamelo de sivume oko thina ngokwethu sikwenzayo okufak’ isandla kulo, ngenkuthalo okanye ngokungenzi nto.”
INtshona ibe negalelo njani kwiimeko eziphembelela ugonyamelo olugqithiseleyo? Ukuqala kwethu, sabhukuqa uMongameli onyulwe ngedemokhrasi e-Iran kwaye safaka i-Shah ye-despotic (ukufumana kwakhona ukufikelela kwi-oyile ephantsi). Emva kokuqhekeka koBukhosi base-Ottoman, sahlulahlula uMbindi Mpuma ngokwenzuzo yethu yezoqoqosho kunye nokutyeshela ingqiqo yenkcubeko elungileyo. Kangangamashumi eminyaka sithenge ioyile yexabiso eliphantsi eSaudi Arabia, ingeniso ethe yaphembelela iWahhabism, iingcambu zeengcamango zobuSilamsi. Siye saphazamisa i-Iraq ngokuhanahanisa okubangele ukubhubha kwamakhulu amawaka abantu abamsulwa. Sathuthumbisa ama-Arabhu ngokuchasa umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesidima somntu esisisiseko, kwaye siye sagcina ama-Arabhu esiwaziyo ukuba angenatyala avalelwe ngaphandle kwentlawulo okanye uncedo olusemthethweni eGuantanamo. Iidrones zethu zibulele inkitha yabantu abamsulwa kwaye ukubhuza kwabo rhoqo esibhakabhakeni kuthwaxa abantwana abane-PTSD. Kwaye inkxaso ye-US esecaleni kukaSirayeli iqhubela phambili ukungabikho kokusesikweni ngokuchasene namaPalestina.
Ngamafutshane, ukuhlazeka kwethu, ukuthotywa kunye nokwenzakaliswa kwama-Arabhu kudale iimeko ezikhuthaza iimpendulo ezinobundlobongela.
Ngenxa yokungalingani okukhulu kwamandla, amandla abuthathaka ayanyanzeleka ukuba abhenele kubuchule be-guerilla kunye nokuqhunyiswa kwebhombu yokuzibulala.
Ingxaki asiyoyabo kuphela. Ikwanjalo zethu. Ubulungisa bufuna ukuba siyeke ukubeka ityala kubo ngokupheleleyo kwaye sithathe uxanduva ngegalelo lethu kwiimeko ezibangela uloyiko. Ngaphandle kokujongana neemeko ezikhuthaza ubunqolobi, ayisayi kudlula. Ke ngoko, ukuqhushumba kwekhaphethi ubukhulu becala kubemi apho i-ISIS ifihlakele kuya kwandisa ezi meko.
Njengokuba ugonyamelo olugqithiseleyo luphenjelelwa lunqulo, intshukumisa yonqulo ifuna ukuchaswa. Ndiyayixhasa imizamo yeenkokeli zamaSilamsi zokutofa amaSilamsi aselula ngokuchasene nokudibanisa ubuSilamsi bokwenyani ngabavukeli.
Ukunyanzelisa inkuthazo yenkolo akuxhaswanga. Ulwakhiwo olukhuthazayo lwabavukeli luntsonkothe kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, thina bantu baseNtshona siye safak’ isandla kwiimeko ezikhuthaza iimbono ezibaxiweyo. Kufuneka sisebenze nzima kunye nabazalwana noodade bethu abangamaSilamsi ukudala iimeko zobulungisa, ukulingana noxolo.
Kwanokuba iimeko ezibangela ukuba abantu babe ziimbono ezibaxiweyo zinokulungiswa, amanye amakholwa okwenyaniso asenokuqhubeka nomzabalazo wawo wogonyamelo wokudala inkqubo yolawulo. Kodwa iqela labo labaqeshwa liya kube lomile.
Kelly James Clark, Ph.D. (iYunivesithi yaseNotre Dame) ngunjingalwazi kwiNkqubo yeHonours kwiKholeji yaseBrooks kunye noPhando oluPhezulu kwiKaufman Interfaith Institute kwiYunivesithi yaseGrand Valley State eGrand Rapids, MI. U-Kelly uye wabamba amadinga okutyelela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford, iYunivesithi yaseSt Andrews kunye neYunivesithi yaseNotre Dame. Wayesakuba nguNjingalwazi wePhilosofi kwiKholeji yaseGordon kunye neKholeji yaseCalvin. Usebenza kwifilosofi yenkolo, ukuziphatha, isayensi kunye nenkolo, kunye neengcinga zesiTshayina kunye nenkcubeko.
Ungumbhali, umhleli, okanye omnye umbhali weencwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini kunye nombhali wamanqaku angaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Iincwadi zakhe ziquka Abantwana baka-Abraham: Inkululeko kunye noNyamezelo kwiXesha leNgqungquthela yezeNkolo; Inkolo kunye neeNzululwazi zeMvelaphi, Buyela kwiNgqiqo, Ibali leeNqobo zokuziphatha, Xa Ukholo Lungonelanga, kwaye 101 iMigaqo yeNfilosofi ePhambili yoBaluleko lwazo kwiZakwalizwi. EkaKelly Izithandi zobulumko ezikholwayo iye yavotelwa enyeUbuKristu Namhlanje Iincwadi zoNyaka zika-1995.
Kutshanje ebesebenza namaSilamsi, amaKrestu kunye namaJuda kwisayensi nenkolo, kunye nenkululeko yenkolo. Ngokubambisana nomnyaka weshumi we-9-11, uququzelele i-symposium, "INkululeko kunye noNyamezelo kwiXesha leNgqungquthela yezeNkolo” kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorgetown.
