Ingxelo yeZiko leZizwe ngezizwe le-Ethno-Religious Mediation kwiSeshini ye-63 yeKhomishoni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngeSimo sabasetyhini.
Akumangalisi ukuba, iUnited States ayilo qela kwiNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ekupheliseni zonke iintlobo zocalucalulo oluchasene nabasetyhini (“CEDAW”). Abasetyhini e-US basesemngciphekweni omkhulu kunamadoda:
- Ukungabi namakhaya ngenxa yobundlobongela basekhaya
- ubuhlwempu
- Ukuqeshwa kwimisebenzi enemivuzo ephantsi
- Umsebenzi wokunyamekela ongahlawulwayo
- Ubundlobongela ngesondo
- Unyino kumalungelo okuzala
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo emsebenzini
Ukungabi Namakhaya Ngenxa Yobundlobongela Basekhaya
Nangona amadoda ase-US kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kunabafazi base-US ukuba bangabi namakhaya, omnye kwabasetyhini abane abangenamakhaya e-US abanalo ikhusi ngenxa yobundlobongela basekhaya. Iintsapho ezikhokelwa ngoomama abangenamaqabane ohlanga oluncinci kwaye ubuncinane nabantwana ababini basengozini enkulu yokungabi namakhaya, ngenxa yobuhlanga, ulutsha, kunye nokunqongophala kwemithombo yemali nezentlalo.
ubuhlwempu
Abasetyhini bahlala besengozini enkulu yentlupheko-nakwelinye lamazwe acebileyo kwihlabathi-ngenxa yobundlobongela, ucalucalulo, ukungafani kwemivuzo, kunye nengqesho ephezulu kwimisebenzi ephantsi okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kumsebenzi wokunyamekela ongahlawulwanga. Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla kwigcuntswana labasetyhini ngabona basesichengeni. Ngokutsho kwe-American Civil Liberties Union, abafazi abamnyama bafumana i-64% yemivuzo efunyenwe ngamadoda amhlophe, kwaye abafazi base-Hispanic bafumana i-54%.
Ukuqeshwa kwiMisebenzi eneMivuzo ephantsi
Nangona uMthetho wokuHlawula ngokuLinganayo ka-1963 uye wanceda ukunciphisa umsantsa womvuzo phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini e-US ukusuka kuma-62% ngo-1979 ukuya kwi-80% ngo-2004, iZiko loPhando loMgaqo-nkqubo wabasetyhini libonisa ukuba asilindelanga ntlawulo-mali-kubafazi abamhlophe-de kube. 2058. Akukho ngqikelelo lucacileyo lwabasetyhini abambalwa.
Umsebenzi Wokunyamekela Ongahlawulwayo
Ngokutsho kweQela leBhanki yehlabathi Abasetyhini, ishishini kunye noMthetho 2018 Ingxelo, lusixhenxe kuphela kuqoqosho lwehlabathi olusilelayo ukunika naliphi na ikhefu lokuya kubeleka elihlawulelwayo. IUnited States yenye yazo. Amazwe, anje ngeNew York, abonelela ngeKhefu loSapho eliHlawulweyo elinokuthi lisetyenziswe ngamadoda nabasetyhini, kodwa i-NY isekwilizwe elincinci elibonelela ngekhefu elihlawulelwayo. Oku kushiya abasetyhini abaninzi besesichengeni sokuphathwa gadalala ngokwasezimalini, kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokweemvakalelo, nangesondo.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho ngokwesondo
Isinye kwisithathu sabasetyhini baseUnited States sibe ngamaxhoba obundlobongela obuphathelele kwezesondo. Abasetyhini kumkhosi wase-US kunokwenzeka ukuba badlwengulwe ngamajoni angamadoda kunokuba babulawe edabini.
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezine abaxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kwiqabane elisondeleleneyo, ukanti iMissouri isabavumela abadlwenguli ngokusemthethweni kunye nabaxhaphazi ngokwesondo ukuba baphephe ukugwetywa ukuba batshata namaxhoba abo. IFlorida iguqule umthetho wayo ofanayo ngaphambili ngo-Matshi 2018, kwaye i-Arkansas yawisa umthetho kunyaka ophelileyo ovumela abadlwenguli ukuba bamangalele amaxhoba abo, ukuba amaxhoba anqwenela ukukhupha isisu esibangelwa lulwaphulo-mthetho.
Unyino kumaLungelo eNzala
Iinkcukacha-manani ezipapashwe yiGuttmacher Institute zibonisa ukuba malunga ne-60% yabasetyhini abafuna ukuqhomfa sele bengoomama. IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo eChasene nokuThwatshazwa iyayibona imfuneko yocwangciso-ntsapho kunye nokuqhomfa okukhuselekileyo ukuze kukhuselwe amalungelo abantu ababhinqileyo, ukanti i-US isaqhubeka nokucutha iinkqubo kwihlabathi jikelele ezinika abafazi inkululeko yokuzala efanayo naleyo ibonwa ngamadoda.
Ukuhlukunyezwa ngesondo
Abasetyhini basengozini enkulu yokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo emsebenzini. E-US, ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo akulotyala kwaye ngamaxesha athile wohlwaywa ngokwaseburhulumenteni. Kuphela kuxa i-hassment isiba sihlaselo apho kubonakala kukho amanyathelo athathiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yethu isathanda ukubeka ixhoba ematyaleni kwaye ikhusele abenzi bobubi. Amatyala akutsha nje abandakanya uBrock Turner kunye noHarvey Weinstein bashiye abafazi base-US befuna "indawo ezikhuselekileyo" ezikhululekile emadodeni, nto leyo eya kuthi inciphise amathuba ezoqoqosho ngakumbi-kwaye inokubafaka kumabango ocalucalulo.
Ukujonga phambili
I-International Centre ye-Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM) izimisele ukuxhasa uxolo oluzinzileyo kumazwe ehlabathini lonke, kwaye oko akuyi kwenzeka ngaphandle kwabasetyhini. Asikwazi ukwakha uxolo oluzinzileyo kuluntu apho i-50% yabemi ingabandakanywa kwiNqanaba eliPhezulu kunye nezikhundla zobunkokeli eziPhakathi ezichaphazela umgaqo-nkqubo (jonga iinjongo 4, 8 & 10). Ngaloo ndlela, i-ICERM inikezela ngoqeqesho kunye nesatifikethi kwi-Ethno-Religious Mediation ukulungiselela abafazi (kunye namadoda) kubunkokeli obunjalo, kwaye sijonge phambili ekuququzeleleni intsebenziswano eyakha amaziko oxolo aqinileyo (bona iinjongo 4, 5, 16 & 17). Ukuqonda ukuba amazwe angamalungu ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo ezikhawulezayo, sifuna ukuvula iingxoxo kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwamaqela achaphazelekayo kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo ngononophelo nangentlonipho. Sisakholelwa ukuba singakwazi ukuhlala ngoxolo nemvisiswano, xa sikhokelwa ngobuchule ukuba sihloniphe ubuntu bomnye nomnye. Kwincoko, efana nolamlo, singenza ngokubambisana izisombululo ezisenokungabonakali ngaphambili.
UNance L. Schick, Esq., Ummeli oPhambili weZiko leZizwe ngezizwe le-Ethno-Religious Mediation kwiKomkhulu leZizwe eziManyeneyo, eNew York.
