Imfazwe yeNiger Delta Avengers kuFakelo lweOyile eNigeria

Unozakuzaku uJohn Campbell

Imfazwe ye-Niger Delta Avengers' kuFakelo lwe-Oli eNigeria kwi-ICERM Radio yasasazwa ngoMgqibelo, nge-11 kaJuni ngo-2016 @ 2 PM Eastern Time (eNew York).

Unozakuzaku uJohn Campbell

Mamela inkqubo yengxoxo kanomathotholo ye-ICERM, “Masithethe Ngayo,” kwingxoxo ekhanyisayo “ngeMfazwe yaseNiger Delta Avengers’ kuFakelo lwe-oyile eNigeria,” kunye noNozakuzaku uJohn Campbell, ugxa omkhulu waseRalph Bunche kwizifundo zomgaqo-nkqubo waseAfrika I-Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) eNew York, kunye no-ambassador wangaphambili wase-United States eNigeria ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-2007.

Unozakuzaku uCampbell ngumbhali we ENigeria: Ukujuxuza elunxwemeni, incwadi epapashwe nguRowman & Littlefield. Uhlelo lwesibini lwapapashwa ngoJuni ka-2013.

Ukwangumbhali we “Afrika kwiNguquko,” ibhlog “elandelela ezona nkqubela zibalulekileyo kwezopolitiko, ezokhuseleko nezentlalo ezenzeka kumazantsi eSahara eAfrika.”

Uhlela i Nigeria Security Tracker, “iprojekthi yeBhunga lezoBudlelwane baNgaphandle” Inkqubo yeAfrika ngawaphi amaxwebhu kunye neemephu ubundlobongela eNigeria oko kuphenjelelwa zizikhalazo zobupolitika, zezoqoqosho okanye zasekuhlaleni.”

Ukususela ngowe-1975 ukuya kutsho kowama-2007, unozakuzaku uCampbell wakhonza njengegosa leSebe lezangaphandle leSebe laseUnited States. Usebenze kabini eNigeria, njengomcebisi wezopolitiko ukusuka ngo-1988 ukuya ku-1990, kwaye njengonozakuzaku ukusuka ku-2004 ukuya ku-2007.

Unozakuzaku uCampbell wabelana ngezimvo zakhe malunga nokhuseleko, imingeni yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho ebangelwe yiMfazwe yaseNiger Delta yabaphindezeli ngoFakelo lwe-Oli eNigeria, elona qela litsha laseNigeria labavukeli elivela kwiDelta yaseNiger. I-Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) ithi "umzabalazo wabo ugxile ekukhululweni kwabantu baseNiger Delta kumashumi eminyaka yolawulo olwahlulayo kunye nokungabandakanywa." Ngokweqela, imfazwe ikufakelo lweoyile: "Ukusebenza ngokuHamba kweoyile."

Kule ngqungquthela, ityala le-Niger Delta Avengers '(NDA) lisondela kwimbono yembali ebuyela kwi-activism ka-Ken Saro-Wiwa, umgqugquzeli wokusingqongileyo, owagwetyelwa ukufa ngokuxhonywa kwi-1995 ngurhulumente wezempi waseSani Abacha. .

Uhlalutyo oluthelekisayo lwenziwa phakathi kweMfazwe ye-Niger Delta ye-Avengers kuFakelo lwe-oyile eNigeria, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwenkululeko yabantu beMveli yaseBiafra, kunye nemisebenzi yangoku yobunqolobi yeBoko Haram eNigeria nakumazwe angabamelwane.

Injongo kukuqaqambisa indlela le mingeni eye yabeka ngayo izoyikiso ezinzulu kukhuseleko lwaseNigeria kwaye yaba negalelo ekukhubazeni uqoqosho lwaseNigeria.

Ekugqibeleni, izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka zokusombulula zicetywayo ukukhuthaza urhulumente waseNigeria ukuba enze isenzo.

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Amanqaku Afana

Iinkonzo e-Igboland: Ukwahluka, Ukufaneleka kunye nokubakho

Unqulo sesinye seziganeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinefuthe elingenakuphikiswa eluntwini naphina ehlabathini. Njengobungcwele njengoko kubonakala ngathi, inkolo ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ubukho babemi bomthonyama kodwa ikwanayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wokubaluleka kwimeko yobuhlanga kunye nophuhliso. Ubungqina bembali kunye ne-ethnographic kwiibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namagama okwenziwa kweziganeko zenkolo zininzi. Isizwe sama-Igbo kuMazantsi eNigeria, kumacala omabini oMlambo iNiger, lelinye lawona maqela makhulu enkcubeko yabarhwebi abamnyama eAfrika, anenzondelelo yenkolo engathandabuzekiyo ebandakanya uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yemveli. Kodwa imeko yonqulo yaseIgboland ihlala iguquka. Ukuza kuthi ga kowe-1840, eyona nkolo ibalaseleyo yamaIgbo yayiyeyemveli okanye yemveli. Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, xa kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu kuloo mmandla, kwabakho umkhosi omtsha owawuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ulungelelanise inkangeleko yonqulo lwaloo mmandla. UbuKristu bakhula baba ncinane kakhulu kulawulo lwamva. Phambi kwekhulu leminyaka yobuKristu e-Igboland, amaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo ezingaphantsi kwe-hegemonic zavela ukuze zikhuphisane neenkolo zemveli zaseIgbo kunye nobuKristu. Eli phepha lilandelela iiyantlukwano zenkolo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo e-Igboland. Itsala idatha yayo kwimisebenzi epapashiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nezinto zobugcisa. Iphikisa ukuba njengoko iinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yenkolo ye-Igbo iya kuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kunye / okanye ukulungelelanisa, nokuba kukubandakanya okanye ukuhluka phakathi kweenkolo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo, ukuze kuphile i-Igbo.

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