Ukuqonda iMfazwe e-Ethiopia: Izizathu, Iinkqubo, Amaqela, Amandla, Iziphumo kunye nezisombululo ezifunekayo

Ndiwongekile ngesimemo sokuthetha kwintlangano yenu. Ndandingazi ngeZiko laMazwe ngaMazwe le-Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM). Nangona kunjalo, emva kokufunda iwebhusayithi kunye nokufumanisa umsebenzi wakho kunye nemisebenzi yakho, ndichukumisekile. Indima 'yokulamla ngokwenkolo' inokuba yimfuneko ekuphumezeni izisombululo nasekunikeni ithemba lokuchacha nokuphiliswa, kwaye iyafuneka ukongeza kwiinzame 'zezopolitiko' ekusonjululweni kongquzulwano okanye ekudaleni uxolo ngendlela esesikweni. Kuhlala kukho isiseko sentlalo kunye nenkcubeko ebanzi okanye eguqukayo kwiingxabano kunye nendlela eziliwa ngayo, zimiswe, kwaye ekugqibeleni zisonjululwe, kunye nolamlo olusuka kwisiseko soluntu lunokunceda kwingxabano. inguqu, oko kukuthi, ukuphuhlisa iindlela zokuxoxa nokulawula endaweni yokulwa ngokoqobo iingxabano.

Kwimeko yesifundo saseTopiya esixoxa ngayo namhlanje, isisombululo asikabonakali, kodwa imiba yentlalo, inkcubeko, ubuhlanga kunye nenkolo iya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo xa isebenza ngokubhekiselele kwenye. Ukulamla ngabasemagunyeni bonqulo okanye iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni akukanikwa thuba lokwenene.

Ndiza kunika intshayelelo emfutshane malunga nokuba lunjani na olu ngquzulwano kwaye ndinike iingcebiso malunga nokuba lunokupheliswa njani. Ndiqinisekile ukuba nonke niyazi kakhulu ngayo kwaye nindixolele ukuba ndiphinda izinto ezithile.

Ke, kwenzeka ntoni kanye e-Ethiopia, elona lizwe lidala lizimeleyo e-Afrika kwaye alizange libe lithanga? Ilizwe leyantlukwano enkulu, izithethe ezininzi zobuhlanga, kunye nobutyebi benkcubeko, kubandakanywa neenkolo. InobuKristu besibini ngobukhulu eAfrika (emva kweYiputa), ubuYuda bomthonyama, kunye nobudlelwane bokuqala nobuSilamsi, nangaphambi kokuba IHijra (622).

Kwisiseko songquzulwano olukhoyo ngoku e-Ethiopia ziipolitiki ezilahlekisayo, ezingenademokhrasi, ingcamango yobuhlanga, imidla ekumgangatho ophezulu engahloniphi uxanduva lokuphendula kubemi, kunye nongenelelo lwamazwe angaphandle.

Ababini abakhuphisanayo abaphambili yintshukumo yabavukeli, i-Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), kunye norhulumente wase-Ethiopia, kodwa abanye baye babandakanyeka ngokunjalo: i-Eritrea, imikhosi yokuzikhusela yasekhaya kunye neentshukumo ezimbalwa ezinobundlobongela ezidibeneyo ze-TPLF, njenge U-OLA, 'uMkhosi weNkululeko ye-Oromo'. Kwaye ke kukho i-cyber-warfare.

Umzabalazo wezixhobo okanye imfazwe sisiphumo ukusilela kwenkqubo yezopolitiko kunye notshintsho olunzima ukusuka kulawulo lwengcinezelo ukuya kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi yezopolitiko. Olu tshintsho lwaqalwa ngo-Ephreli 2018, xa kukho utshintsho lweNkulumbuso. I-TPLF yayilelona qela liphambili 'kumanyano' lwe-EPRDF olubanzi olwaphuma kumzabalazo wezigalo ngokuchasene nomkhosi wangaphambili. UDerg Urhulumente, kwaye walawula ukusuka ku-1991 ukuya ku-2018. Ke, iTopiya ayizange ibe nenkqubo yezopolitiko evulekileyo, yedemokhrasi kwaye i-TPLF-EPRDF ayizange iyitshintshe loo nto. I-TPLF elite yavela kwi-ethno-region yase-Tigray kwaye i-Tigray yabemi ihlakazekile kulo lonke elase-Ethiopia (ca. 7% yabemi bebonke). Xa yayisemagunyeni (ngelo xesha, kunye nabantu abaphezulu abanxulumene namanye amaqela 'obuhlanga' kuloo mfela-ndawonye), yaqhubela phambili ukukhula koqoqosho nophuhliso kodwa kwakhona yaqokelela amandla amakhulu ezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Igcine imeko yokucupha ecinezela kakhulu, eyathi yahlengahlengiswa ngokwezopolitiko zobuhlanga: ubuntu babantu bonyulwe ngokusemthethweni ngokwemigaqo yobuhlanga, kwaye hayi kangako kuluvo olubanzi lobumi baseTopiya. Abahlalutyi abaninzi ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 balumkisa malunga noku kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kwaba lilize, kuba yayiyinyani. kwezopolitiko imodeli iTPLF eyayifuna ukuyifakela ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo, (kuquka 'ukuxhotyiswa kwamaqela eentlanga', ukulingana 'kweethno-linguistic', njl. njl.). Iziqhamo ezibuhlungu zomzekelo esiwuvunayo namhlanje - inzondo yobuhlanga, iingxabano, ukhuphiswano lweqela elibukhali (kwaye ngoku, ngenxa yemfazwe, kwanenzondo). Inkqubo yezopolitiko yavelisa ukungazinzi kwesakhiwo kwaye yamilisela ukhuphiswano lokuxelisa, ukuthetha ngokwemigaqo kaRené Girard. Intetho yase-Ethiopia esoloko icatshulwa, 'Suka kumsinga wombane kunye nezopolitiko' (oko kukuthi, ungabulawa), yagcina inyani yayo emva ko-1991 e-Ethiopia… kwezopolitiko.

Ukwahluka kweelwimi zobuhlanga kuyinyani e-Ethiopia, njengakumazwe amaninzi ase-Afrika, kodwa iminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo ibonise ukuba ubuhlanga abudibanisi kakuhle nezopolitiko, okt, ayisebenzi ngokupheleleyo njengefomula yombutho wezopolitiko. Ukuguqula ipolitiki yobuhlanga kunye 'nobuzwe bobuhlanga' ibe yipolitiki yedemokhrasi yokwenene eqhutywa ngumba kungacetyiswa. Ukuqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwezithethe zobuhlanga kulungile, kodwa hayi ngokuguqulelwa kwabo komnye umntu kwezopolitiko.

Imfazwe yaqala njengoko nisazi ngobusuku be-3-4 kaNovemba ngo-2020 ngohlaselo lwequbuliso lwe-TPLF kumkhosi womanyano wase-Ethiopia omiswe kwingingqi yaseTigray, kumda we-Eritrea. Owona mkhosi mkhulu womkhosi womanyano, uMyalelo waseMantla ogcweleyo, wawukuloo mmandla, ngenxa yemfazwe yangaphambili ne-Eritrea. Uhlaselo lwalulungiselelwe kakuhle. I-TPLF yayisele yenze izixhobo kunye namafutha e-Tigray, uninzi lwazo lwangcwatywa kwiindawo ezifihlakeleyo. Kwaye nge-3-4 kaNovemba 2020 imvukelo baye baya kumagosa aseTigrayan kunye namajoni. Ngaphakathi umkhosi womanyano ukuba usebenzisane, nto leyo ubukhulu becala abayenzileyo. Ibonise ukulungela kwe-TPLF ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela ngokungenamiqathango njengendlela yezopolitiko ukudala iinyani ezintsha. Oku kwabonakala nakwizigaba ezilandelayo zongquzulwano. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uhlaselo lweenkampu zomkhosi we-federal lwaqhutywa (kunye ne-4,000 yamajoni ahlangeneyo abulawa ebuthongweni kunye nabanye ekulweni) kwaye, ukongeza, i-Mai Kadra 'yobuhlanga' (ngomhla. I-9-10 kaNovemba 2020) ayilityalwanga okanye ixolelwe luninzi lwabantu base-Ethiopia: yayibonwa ngokubanzi njengobuqhophololo kunye nenkohlakalo.

Urhulumente womanyano wase-Ethiopia wasabela kuhlaselo ngosuku olulandelayo kwaye ekugqibeleni wafumana isandla esiphezulu emva kweeveki ezintathu zedabi. Ifake urhulumente wethutyana kwikomkhulu laseTigray, iMeqele, enabantu baseTigrayan. Kodwa uvukelo lwaqhubeka, kwaye ukuchaswa kwendawo yasemaphandleni kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwe-TPLF kunye noloyiko kummandla wayo kwavela; ukutshabalalisa kwakhona ukulungiswa kwe-telecom, ukuthintela amafama ekulimeni umhlaba, kujoliswe kumagosa aseTigray kulawulo lwengingqi yethutyana (kunye nabaphantse babulawa. imeko elusizi yenjineli Enbza Tadesse kwaye i udliwano-ndlebe nomhlolokazi wakhe). Amadabi aqhubeka kangangeenyanga, kunye nomonakalo omkhulu owenziwe kwaye kuxhatshazwa.

Nge-28 kaJuni ngo-2021 umkhosi womanyano warhoxa ngaphandle kweTigray. Urhulumente unikezele ngokupheliswa kwemfazwe ngokulinganayo - ukudala indawo yokuphefumla, ukuvumela i-TPLF ukuba iphinde iqwalasele, kwaye kwakhona ukunika amafama aseTigrayan ithuba lokuqalisa umsebenzi wabo wezolimo. Oku kuvula akuzange kuthathwe ziinkokeli zeTPLF; baguqukela kwimfazwe eqatha. Ukurhoxiswa komkhosi wase-Ethiopia kudale indawo yohlaselo lwe-TPLF kwaye ngenene imikhosi yabo yehlela emazantsi, ijolise kakhulu kuluntu kunye neziseko zoluntu ezingaphandle kweTigray, isebenzisa ubundlobongela obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili: 'ukujolisa' ubuhlanga, amaqhinga omhlaba otshisiweyo, isoyikisa abantu ngenkohlakalo. amandla kunye nokubulawa, kunye nokutshabalalisa kunye nokuphanga (akukho njongo zomkhosi).

Umbuzo ngulo, kutheni le mfazwe ikrakra, olu gonyamelo? Ngaba iiTigrayans zazisengozini, ngaba ummandla wabo kunye nabantu babesongelwa? Ewe, le yingxelo yezopolitiko eyenziwa yi-TPLF kwaye yazisa kwihlabathi langaphandle, kwaye yada yade yafikelela kwibango lokuthintela uluntu olucwangcisiweyo kwi-Tigray kunye nokubizwa ngokuba yi-genocide kubantu baseTigrayan. Akukho nalinye ibango elibe liyinyaniso.

Pha ayenayo ibe yinto yokwakha yoxinzelelo kwinqanaba elite ukusuka ekuqaleni kwe-2018 phakathi kobunkokeli obulawulayo be-TPLF kwi-Tigray Regional State kunye norhulumente wesigqeba, yinyani leyo. Kodwa oku ubukhulu becala ibiyimicimbi yolawulo lwezopolitiko kunye namanqaku malunga nokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla kunye nemithombo yezoqoqosho kunye nokuchasa ubunkokeli be-TPLF kurhulumente womanyano kumanyathelo kaxakeka e-COVID-19 kunye nokulibaziseka konyulo lukazwelonke. Zazinokusonjululwa. Kodwa kuyabonakala ukuba iinkokeli ze-TPLF azikwazanga ukuvuma ukuthotywa kubunkokeli be-federal ngo-Matshi 2018 kwaye boyika ukuvezwa kweenzuzo zabo ezingalunganga kwezoqoqosho, kunye nerekhodi yabo yengcinezelo kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Nabo bala ikhona iintetho/uthethathethwano nabathunywa abavela kurhulumente womdibaniso, kumaqela abasetyhini okanye abasemagunyeni bezenkolo ababeye eTigray kunyaka ongaphambi kwemfazwe kwaye bababongoza ukuba balalanise. I-TPLF yacinga ukuba ingaphinda ithathe amandla ngovukelo oluxhobileyo kwaye imatsha iye e-Addis Ababa, okanye idale uqhushululu elizweni kangangokuba urhulumente we-PM u-Abiy Ahmed angawa.

Isicwangciso asiphumelelanga kwaye kwabakho imfazwe embi, engekagqitywa nanamhlanje (30 kaJanuwari 2022) njengoko sithethayo.

Njengomphandi wase-Ethiopia owenze umsebenzi kwiindawo ngeendawo zelizwe, kuqukwa nelaseMantla, ndothuswa ngumlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe ngaphambili kunye nobunzulu bobundlobongela, ngakumbi yi-TPLF. Kwanamajoni karhulumente wobumbano ayengenatyala, ngakumbi kwiinyanga zokuqala zemfazwe, nangona aboni babebanjwa. Bona ngezantsi.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala imfazwe ngoNovemba 2020 ukuya ca. NgoJuni ka-2021, kwabakho impatho-gadalala kunye nentlupheko eyenziwe ngawo onke amaqela, nayimikhosi yase-Eritrea ethe yabandakanyeka. Impatho-gadalala eqhutywa ngumsindo ngamajoni kunye nemikhosi yomkhosi yaseTigray yayingamkelekanga kwaye yayikwinkqubo yokutshutshiswa liGqwetha Jikelele laseTopiya. Noko ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba babeyinxalenye yedabi elalimiselwe kwangaphambili inkqubo yomkhosi wamaTiyopiya. Kwakukho ingxelo (eyapapashwa nge-3 kaNovemba 2021) malunga noku kunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo oluntu kwisigaba sokuqala sale mfazwe, oko kukuthi, ukuya kwi-28 Juni 2021, eyakhiwe liqela le-UNHCR kunye ne-EHRC ezimeleyo, kwaye oku kwabonisa ubume kunye nobukhulu. yempatho-mbi. Njengoko bekutshiwo, uninzi lwabenzi bobubi bomkhosi wase-Eritrea nowase-Ethiopia basiwa enkundleni kwaye bagqiba izigwebo zabo. Abaxhaphazi kwicala leTPLF abazange babekwe ityala bunkokeli beTPLF, endaweni yoko.

Emva kwesithuba esingaphezu konyaka kungquzulwano, ngoku akusekho mlo emhlabeni, kodwa okwangoku awukapheli. Ukusukela nge-22 kaDisemba, 2021, akukho dabi lomkhosi kwingingqi yaseTigray ngokwayo - njengoko imikhosi yomdibaniso eyatyhalela ngasemva i-TPLF iyalelwa ukuba ime kumda wesithili saseTigray. Nangona, uhlaselo lomoya ngamaxesha athile lwenziwa kwimigca yokubonelela kunye namaziko omyalelo eTigray. Kodwa umlo waqhubeka kwiindawo ezithile zoMmandla weAmhara (umzekelo, eAvergele, eAddi Arkay, eWaja, eT'imuga, naseKobo) nakwindawo yaseAfar (ngokomzekelo, eAb'ala, eZobil, naseBarhale) kumda weTigray, ngendlela emangalisayo. kwakhona ukuvala imigca yokubonelela ngobuntu kwiTigray ngokwayo. Ukugqobhozwa kweendawo zabahlali kuyaqhubeka, ukubulawa kwabantu nokutshatyalaliswa kwempahla nako, ngakumbi kwakhona amaziko ezonyango, ezemfundo nezoqoqosho. Amajoni asekuhlaleni ase-Afar kunye ne-Amhara ayazilwela, kodwa umkhosi womdibaniso awukazibandakanyi kangako.

Ezinye izitatimenti ezilumkileyo malunga neengxoxo / uthethathethwano ngoku zivakala (kutsha nje nguNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres, kunye nommeli okhethekileyo we-AU kwi-Horn ye-Afrika, uMongameli wangaphambili u-Olusegun Obasanjo). Kodwa kukho izikhubekiso ezininzi. Kwaye amaqela ezizwe ngezizwe afana ne-UN, EU okanye i-US enza njalo hayi isibheno kwiTPLF ukuba ime kwaye iphendule. Ngaba ingaba kukho 'isivumelwano' neTPLF? Kukho ukuthandabuza okukhulu. Abaninzi e-Ethiopia bayibona i-TPLF njengengathembekanga kwaye mhlawumbi isoloko ifuna amanye amathuba okonakalisa urhulumente.

Imingeni yezopolitiko eyayikho phambi kokuba imfazwe isekhona kwaye ayizange iziswe naliphi na inyathelo elisondeleyo kwisisombululo ngumlo.

Kuyo yonke imfazwe, i-TPLF yayisoloko isenza 'ingxelo ephantsi' malunga nayo kunye nommandla wayo. Kodwa oku kuyathandabuzeka - babengengobantu abahluphekayo nababandezelekileyo. Babenenkxaso-mali eninzi, benempahla enkulu yezoqoqosho, ngo-2020 babesaxhobile, kwaye babelungiselele imfazwe. Baye baphuhlisa ibali lokujongelwa phantsi kunye noko kubizwa ngokuba lixhoba lobuhlanga kuluvo lwehlabathi nakubemi babo, ababebabambe ngamandla (iTigray yayiyenye yemimandla encinci yedemokhrasi e-Ethiopia kule minyaka ingama-30 idlulileyo). Kodwa loo ngxelo, idlala ikhadi lobuhlanga, yayingaqinisekanga, ngokunjalo kuba abaninzi baseTigrayans basebenza kurhulumente wobumbano nakwamanye amaziko kwinqanaba likazwelonke: uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo, uMphathiswa wezeMpilo, intloko ye-GERD yokuhlanganisa iofisi, uMphathiswa we-Democratization Policy, kunye neentatheli ezahlukeneyo eziphezulu. Kukwathandabuzeka kakhulu ukuba abantu abaninzi baseTigrayan baxhasa ngentliziyo epheleleyo (ed) le ntshukumo ye-TPLF; asinakwazi ngenene, kuba akukhange kubekho mbutho woluntu wokwenene ozimeleyo, akukho maphephandaba asimahla, akukho ngxoxo-mpikiswano yoluntu, okanye inkcaso apho; kuyo nayiphi na imeko, abantu babenokhetho oluncinci, kwaye abaninzi nabo bazuza ngokwezoqoqosho kulawulo lwe-TPLF (Uninzi lwe-diaspora Tigrayans ngaphandle kwe-Ethiopia ngokuqinisekileyo benza).

Kwakukho nentshukumo esebenzayo, ebizwa ngokuba ngabathile, i-cyber-mafia enxulumene ne-TPLF, ibandakanyeka kumaphulo alungelelanisiweyo okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokoyikisa okunefuthe kumajelo eendaba ehlabathi kunye nakubenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bamazwe ngamazwe. Babephinda bahlaziye amabali angento ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Tigray genocide' ekwenzeni: i-hashtag yokuqala kule nto yabonakala sele isele kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kohlaselo lwe-TPLF kwimikhosi ye-federal ngomhla we-4 kuNovemba 2020. Ngoko, kwakungeyonyani, kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe eli gama lacwangciswa kwangaphambili, njengomzamo wokusasaza. Enye yayikwindawo 'ekuthintele uluntu' lwaseTigray. Pha is ukungakhuseleki okunzulu kokutya eTigray, kwaye ngoku nakwiindawo ezikufutshane nemfazwe, kodwa hayi indlala eTigray ngenxa 'yokuvimba'. Urhulumente wobumbano wanika uncedo lokutya kwasekuqaleni-nangona yayinganelanga, yayingenako: iindlela zavalwa, iindlela zeenqwelo-moya zatshatyalaliswa (umzekelo, e-Aksum), iimpahla ezidla ngokubiwa ngumkhosi we-TPLF, kunye neelori zokuncedisa ukutya eziya e-Tigray zathinjwa.

Ngaphezulu kweelori ze-1000 zokuncedisa ukutya eziye zaya e-Tigray kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo (ininzi enepetroli eyaneleyo yohambo lokubuyela) zazingekabonakali ngoJanuwari 2022: mhlawumbi zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha amajoni yi-TPLF. Kwiveki yesibini neyesithathu kaJanuwari ka-2022, ezinye iilori zoncedo kwafuneka zibuye kuba iTPLF yahlasela indawo yaseAfar ejikeleze i-Ab'ala kwaye yavala indlela yokungena.

Kwaye kutshanje siye sabona iikliphu zevidiyo ezisuka kwindawo yase-Afar, ebonisa ukuba nangona ukuhlaselwa kwe-TPLF ngokukhohlakeleyo kubantu base-Afar, i-Afar yendawo yayisavumela ukuba iinqwelo zoluntu zidlule kwindawo yazo ukuya eTigray. Into abayifumanayo kukudubula kweelali nokubulawa kwabantu.

Eyona nto ibinzima kakhulu ibe yimpendulo yezozakuzo kwihlabathi, ingakumbi kumazwe anikezela ngeminikelo aseNtshona (ingakumbi asuka e-USA kunye ne-EU): ebonakala engonelanga kwaye engaphaya, engasekelwanga kulwazi: ngokungafanelekanga, uxinzelelo olucalucalulo kurhulumente wobumbano, engajongi imidla umTiyopiya abantu (ingakumbi, abo baxhatshaziweyo), kuzinzo lwengingqi, okanye kuqoqosho lwaseTopiya lulonke.

Ngokomzekelo, i-US ibonise umgaqo-nkqubo ongaqhelekanga. Ecaleni koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo ku-PM Abiy ukuba ayeke imfazwe - kodwa hayi kwi-TPLF - bacinga ukusebenzela 'ukutshintsha kolawulo' e-Ethiopia. Bameme amaqela aphikisayo anoburhalarhume eWashington, kunye noMzi wozakuzo wase-US eAddis Ababa kude kube yinyanga ephelileyo zigcinwe ukubiza abemi bawo kunye nabasemzini ngokubanzi ukuba kuhamba I-Ethiopia, ngakumbi i-Addis Ababa, 'ngelixa lalisekhona ixesha'.

Umgaqo-nkqubo wase-US unokuphenjelelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto: i-US Afghanistan debacle; ubukho beqela le-TPLF elinempembelelo kwiSebe likaRhulumente nakwi-USAID; umgaqo-nkqubo we-US we-Egypt kunye nesimo sayo sokuchasa i-Eritrea; ukunqongophala kobukrelekrele / ukusetyenzwa kolwazi malunga nongquzulwano, kunye nokuxhomekeka koncedo lwase-Ethiopia.

Nomququzeleli wemicimbi yangaphandle ye-EU, uJosep Borrell, kunye namapalamente amaninzi e-EU ababonise elona cala labo lilungileyo, ngokubiza kwabo izohlwayo.

The eendaba zehlabathi ikwadlale indima encomekayo, ngamanqaku angaphandwa kakuhle kunye nosasazo (ngokukodwa ii-CNN bezihlala zingamkelekanga). Bahlala bethatha icala le-TPLF kwaye bagxininise ngakumbi kurhulumente wobumbano wase-Ethiopia kunye neNkulumbuso yayo, kunye nesivakalisi esiqikelelwayo: 'Kutheni i-Nobel Peace Prize iza kulwa?' (Nangona, ngokucacileyo, inkokeli yelizwe ayinakubanjwa 'ibanjwa' kwelo bhaso ukuba ilizwe liyahlaselwa kwimfazwe yobuvukeli).

Amajelo eendaba ehlabathi ahlala ejongela phantsi okanye engayihoyi intshukumo yehashtag evela ngokukhawuleza ethi '#NoMore' phakathi kwe-Ethiopia ediaspora kunye nama-Ethiopia asekuhlaleni, abaxhathise uphazamiseko oluqhubekayo kunye nokuthambekela kwengxelo yeendaba zaseNtshona kunye nezangqa zase-USA-EU-UN. I-diaspora yase-Ethiopia ibonakala isininzi emva kwendlela karhulumente wase-Ethiopia, nangona bayilandela ngeliso elibukhali.

Ukongezwa okunye kwimpendulo yamazwe ngamazwe: umgaqo-nkqubo wezohlwayo wase-US e-Ethiopia kunye nokususa i-Ethiopia kwi-AGOA (ixabiso eliphantsi lokungenisa impahla kwizinto ezenziweyo e-USA) ngokomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari ka-2022: umlinganiselo ongenamveliso nongenaluvelwano. Oku kuya konakalisa kuphela uqoqosho lwemveliso yase-Ethiopia kwaye kwenze amashumi amawaka, uninzi lwabasetyhini, abasebenzi abangaphangeliyo - abasebenzi abathi ngokubanzi baxhasa u-PM Abiy kwimigaqo-nkqubo yakhe.

So siphi ngoku?

I-TPLF iye yabethwa yabuyela emantla ngumkhosi womanyano. Kodwa imfazwe ayikapheli. Nangona urhulumente wacela i-TPLF ukuba iyeke ukulwa, waze walimisa nephulo lakhe kwimida yesithili saseTigray, I-TPLF iyaqhubeka nokuhlasela, ukubulala, ukudlwengula abantu, nokutshabalalisa iilali needolophu zaseAfar nakumantla e-Amhara..

Kubonakala ngathi abanayo inkqubo eyakhayo yekamva lezopolitiko lase-Ethiopia okanye iTigray. Nasiphi na isivumelwano sexesha elizayo okanye ukuqheleka, umdla wabantu baseTigrayan ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka bathathelwe ingqalelo, kubandakanywa nokujongana nokungakhuseleki kokutya. Ukuwaxhaphaza akufanelekanga kwaye kuchasene nezopolitiko. I-Tigray yimbali, inkolo, kunye nendawo engundoqo yenkcubeko yase-Ethiopia, kwaye kufuneka ihlonitshwe kwaye ihlaziywe. Kuyathandabuzeka ukuba oku kunokwenziwa phantsi kolawulo lwe-TPLF, ethe ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi abaninzi ngoku idlulile ixesha layo lokuphelelwa. Kodwa kubonakala ngathi i-TPLF, iyintshukumo enegunya elite, iimfuno Ungquzulwano ukuze luhlale ludada, nakubemi bayo eTigray - abanye abakhi-mkhanyo baye baqaphela ukuba banokufuna ukuhlehlisa ixesha lokuziphendulela kuko konke ukuchithwa kwezixhobo zabo, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwabo amajoni amaninzi- kunye namanqaku amaninzi. Umntwana amajoni phakathi kwabo - ekulweni, kude nemisebenzi enemveliso kunye nemfundo.

Ecaleni kokufuduswa kwamakhulu amawaka, ngokwenene amawaka abantwana kunye nabancinci baye bavinjwa imfundo phantse iminyaka emibini - nakwiindawo zemfazwe zase-Afar nase-Amhara, kuquka naseTigray.

Uxinzelelo oluvela kumazwe ngamazwe (ukufunda: eNtshona) uluntu luye lwanyanzeliswa kakhulu kurhulumente waseTopiya, ukuxoxisana kunye nokunikezela - kwaye kungekhona kwi-TPLF. Urhulumente wobumbano kunye no-PM Abiy bahamba ngentambo; kufuneka acinge ngengingqi yakhe yasekhaya kwaye bonisa ukulungela 'ukulalanisa' kuluntu lwezizwe ngezizwe. Wenze njalo: urhulumente wade wakhulula iinkokeli eziphezulu eziphezulu ze-TPLF ezazivalelwe ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari ka-2022, kunye namanye amabanjwa awayenempikiswano. Isenzo esihle, kodwa asibanga nasiphumo - akukho mbuyiselo evela kwi-TPLF.

Ukuqukumbela: umntu angasisebenzela njani isisombululo?

1. Ungquzulwano olusemantla e-Ethiopia lwaqala lunzima kwezopolitiko Ingxabano, apho iqela elinye, i-TPLF, lalikulungele ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela obutshabalalisayo, nokuba zithini iziphumo. Ngelixa isisombululo sezopolitiko sisenokwenzeka kwaye siyanqweneleka, iinyani zale mfazwe ziye zaba nefuthe kangangokuba isivumelwano sezopolitiko okanye incoko yababini ngoku kunzima kakhulu… kunye neqela leenkokeli ze-TPLF (kunye namahlakani abo, i-OLA) eyaququzelela ukubulawa kwabantu kunye nenkohlakalo apho izihlobo zabo, oonyana kunye neentombi zabo ziye zangamaxhoba. Kambe ke, kuya kubakho ingcinezelo evela kwabo babizwa ngokuba ziinkokeli zezopolitiko kumazwe ngamazwe ukuba benze oko. Kodwa ulamlo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nenkqubo yengxoxo kufuneka imiselwe, kunye namaqela/abadlali abakhethiweyo kolu ngquzulwano, mhlawumbi luqale kwindawo ezantsi inqanaba: imibutho yoluntu, iinkokeli zonqulo, kunye noosomashishini.
2. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo yokuguqulwa kwezopolitiko nomthetho e-Ethiopia kufuneka iqhubeke, iqinisa i-federation yentando yesininzi kunye nomthetho womthetho, kunye nokungathathi hlangothi / ukucasula i-TPLF, eyala oko.

Inkqubo yedemokhrasi iphantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kwi-ethno-nationalist radicals kunye neminqweno, kwaye urhulumente ka-PM Abiy ngamanye amaxesha uthatha izigqibo ezithandabuzekayo kumatsha ntliziyo kunye neentatheli. Ukongeza, ukuhlonitshwa kwenkululeko yeendaba kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yahlukile kumazwe ahlukeneyo engingqi e-Ethiopia.

3. Inkqubo 'yeNgxoxo yeSizwe' e-Ethiopia, eyabhengezwa ngoDisemba ka-2021, yenye yeendlela eziya phambili (mhlawumbi, oku kunokwandiswa kube yinkqubo yenyaniso noxolelwaniso). Le Dialogue iza kuba liqonga leziko lokuhlanganisa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abafanelekileyo kwezopolitiko ukuxoxa ngemingeni ekhoyo yezopolitiko.

'Ingxoxo yeSizwe' asiyondlela eyenye kwiingxoxo zePalamente yomanyano kodwa iya kunceda ukubazisa kwaye yenze kubonakale uluhlu kunye negalelo lezimvo zopolitiko, izikhalazo, abadlali kunye nemidla.

Ke oko kusenokuthetha oku kulandelayo: ukunxibelelana nabantu ngaphaya inkqubo-sikhokelo ekhoyo yezopolitiko nezomkhosi, kwimibutho yoluntu, kuquka iinkokeli zenkolo nemibutho. Enyanisweni, intetho yonqulo neyenkcubeko yokuphilisa uluntu isenokuba linyathelo lokuqala elicacileyo eliya phambili; ukubhenela kwimilinganiselo esisiseko ekwabelwana ngayo uninzi lwabantu base-Ethiopia ababelana ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.

4. Uphando olupheleleyo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe ukususela nge-3 kaNovemba ka-2020 luya kufuneka, ngokulandela ifomula kunye nenkqubo yengxelo ye-EHRC-UNCHR ye-mission ye-3 Novemba 2021 (enokwandiswa).
5. Uthethathethwano ngembuyekezo, ukuthotywa kwezixhobo, ukuphiliswa, nokwakhiwa ngokutsha kuya kufuneka kwenziwe. Ukuxolelwa kweenkokeli zabavukeli akunakwenzeka.
6. Uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe (ngokukodwa, iNtshona) nalo lunendima kule nto: kungcono ukumisa izigwebo kunye nokukhwabanisa kurhulumente wobumbano waseTopiya; kwaye, ngotshintsho, ukucinezela kwaye ubize i-TPLF ukuba iphendule. Bamele baqhubeke nokubonelela ngoncedo loluntu, bangasebenzisi umgaqo-nkqubo wamalungelo oluntu njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ukugweba le ngxabano, kwaye baqale kwakhona ukubandakanya ngokunyanisekileyo urhulumente waseTopiya, ukuxhasa kunye nokuphuhlisa ixesha elide lezoqoqosho kunye nobunye ubudlelwane.
7. Umceli mngeni omkhulu ngoku yindlela yokufumana uxolo ngobulungisa … Kuphela yinkqubo yolamlo ecwangciswe ngononophelo enokuthi iqalise oku. Ukuba ubulungisa akwenziwanga, ukungazinzi kunye nokujongana ngezigalo kuya kuphinda kuvele kwakhona.