Impendulo engxamisekileyo kwiZisongelo zoXolo noKhuseleko eNigeria

UProf Ernest Uwazie

UProf Ernest Uwazie, uMlawuli oyiNtloko, iZiko le-Afrika yoXolo kunye neSisombululo seNgqungquthela, iYunivesithi yaseCalifornia State, eSacramento, eCalifornia, ethetha kwinkomfa ye-ICERMediation kwi-2018 eQueens College, kwiYunivesithi yaseCity of New York.

Amaqabane oXolo athandekayo eNigeria kunye nabo bonke:

Ngemifanekiso ephazamisayo kunye neendaba zobundlobongela kunye neendaba eziqondakalayo zeendaba zoluntu zomsindo, kwaye ngelishwa ukudideka okanye amahemuhemu, kukho imfuneko yokuba amazwi oxolo kunye nemiyalezo eNigeria aphakame okanye aphakame kakhulu:

  • Ukugwetywa kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lobundlobongela kunye nokuphindaphinda ixabiso elilinganayo lobomi bonke kunye nabo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba inkolo, uhlanga okanye ummandla-kuba ngomso ingaba ndim;
  • Ukuphuhliswa kwamanyathelo okunciphisa ungquzulwano okukwabandakanya ukugcina ubuso kunye neempawu zokwakha ukuzithemba;
  • Ukuphononongwa ngononophelo kunye nokuphononongwa kwemithetho yasemkhosini yokuzibandakanya-ekhusela amalungelo oluntu, ukukhusela uluntu, kunye neengxelo zokuphulwa okugqithisileyo;
  • Ukunikezelwa koncedo loluntu kumaxhoba obundlobongela kunye neenkonzo zengqondo-zentlalo yoluntu kuluntu oluxhwalekileyo;
  • Izibheno kuluntu “lwamajoni ahamba ngeenyawo” nabasebenzi bokhuseleko ezitratweni–sokugcina umthetho nocwangco ngokwenene nokukhusela ubomi nempahla;
  • Ukuzibandakanya kolutsha ngokuhlalisana ngoxolo, amalungelo oluntu kunye nolawulo olunobulungisa phantsi kwedemokhrasi, ngakumbi ngamaziko emfundo kunye nee-NGO ezifanelekileyo;
  • Iinzame ezingapheliyo zoxolo ngengxoxo kunye nothethathethwano olwakhayo, olunentlonipho-kumanqanaba amakhulu namancinci.

Asinakukwazi ukubuyisela amakhulu obomi esele belahlekile okanye bebalekile, kodwa sinokuthintela ukulahleka kwamawaka obomi kwixesha elizayo elikufutshane ngamazwi ethu oxolo kunye nokungabikho kobundlobongela ngemiyalezo yethu yoxolo.

Uxolo,

UProf. Ernest Uwazie, uMlawuli weSigqeba, Iziko loXolo lwaseAfrika kunye noSombululo lwengxabano, IYunivesithi yaseCalifornia State, eSacramento, eCalifornia, eU.SA

Basil Ugorji, uMongameli kunye ne-CEO, i-International Centre ye-Ethno-Religious Mediation, eNew York, eU.SA

Kwaye nezinye ezininzi #RuntoNigeria kunye neNtshukumo yeSebe lomNquma Amaqabane, abaququzeleli, abaXhasi boXolo kunye nabaGqwetha boXolo.

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Amanqaku Afana

Iinkonzo e-Igboland: Ukwahluka, Ukufaneleka kunye nokubakho

Unqulo sesinye seziganeko zentlalo nezoqoqosho ezinefuthe elingenakuphikiswa eluntwini naphina ehlabathini. Njengobungcwele njengoko kubonakala ngathi, inkolo ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ekuqondeni ubukho babemi bomthonyama kodwa ikwanayo nomgaqo-nkqubo wokubaluleka kwimeko yobuhlanga kunye nophuhliso. Ubungqina bembali kunye ne-ethnographic kwiibonakaliso ezahlukeneyo kunye namagama okwenziwa kweziganeko zenkolo zininzi. Isizwe sama-Igbo kuMazantsi eNigeria, kumacala omabini oMlambo iNiger, lelinye lawona maqela makhulu enkcubeko yabarhwebi abamnyama eAfrika, anenzondelelo yenkolo engathandabuzekiyo ebandakanya uphuhliso oluzinzileyo kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe ngezizwe ngaphakathi kwemida yemveli. Kodwa imeko yonqulo yaseIgboland ihlala iguquka. Ukuza kuthi ga kowe-1840, eyona nkolo ibalaseleyo yamaIgbo yayiyeyemveli okanye yemveli. Ngaphantsi kwamashumi amabini eminyaka kamva, xa kwaqaliswa umsebenzi wobuvangeli basemazweni abangamaKristu kuloo mmandla, kwabakho umkhosi omtsha owawuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ulungelelanise inkangeleko yonqulo lwaloo mmandla. UbuKristu bakhula baba ncinane kakhulu kulawulo lwamva. Phambi kwekhulu leminyaka yobuKristu e-Igboland, amaSilamsi kunye nezinye iinkolo ezingaphantsi kwe-hegemonic zavela ukuze zikhuphisane neenkolo zemveli zaseIgbo kunye nobuKristu. Eli phepha lilandelela iiyantlukwano zenkolo kunye nokufaneleka kwayo kuphuhliso oluhambelanayo e-Igboland. Itsala idatha yayo kwimisebenzi epapashiweyo, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye nezinto zobugcisa. Iphikisa ukuba njengoko iinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yenkolo ye-Igbo iya kuqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kunye / okanye ukulungelelanisa, nokuba kukubandakanya okanye ukuhluka phakathi kweenkolo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhulayo, ukuze kuphile i-Igbo.

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Ukuguqulwa kwiSilamsi kunye nobuzwe bobuhlanga eMalaysia

Eli phepha licandelo leprojekthi yophando enkulu egxile ekunyukeni kobuhlanga baseMalay kunye nobukhulu eMalaysia. Ngelixa ukunyuka kobuzwe bobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa yimiba eyahlukeneyo, eli phepha lijolise ngokukodwa kumthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSilamsi eMalaysia kwaye nokuba uye womeleza na uvakalelo lobunganga baseMalay. IMalaysia lilizwe elinezizwe ngezizwe kunye neenkolo ezininzi elafumana inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kwiBritane. AmaMalay lelona qela likhulu belisoloko liluthatha unqulo lobuSilamsi njengenxalenye yesazisi sawo esilwahlula kwezinye iintlanga ezazingeniswa kweli lizwe ngexesha lolawulo lobukoloniyali baseBritani. Ngelixa ubuSilamsi buyinkolo esemthethweni, uMgaqo-siseko uvumela ezinye iinkolo ukuba zenziwe ngoxolo ngabantu baseMalaysia abangengoMalay, oko kukuthi amaTshayina namaIndiya. Nangona kunjalo, umthetho wamaSilamsi olawula imitshato yamaSilamsi eMalaysia ugunyazise ukuba abo bangengawo amaSilamsi baguqukele kwiSilamsi ukuba banqwenela ukutshata namaSilamsi. Kweli phepha, ndixela ukuba umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSilamsi usetyenziswe njengesixhobo sokuqinisa imvakalelo yobuzwe baseMalaysia eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqokelelwa ngokusekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe kunye namaSilamsi aseMalay atshate nabangengabo amaMalay. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba uninzi lwabantu ekwadliwan’ indlebe nabo baseMalaysia bajonga ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi njengento eyimfuneko njengoko kufunwa yinkolo yamaSilamsi kunye nomthetho welizwe. Ukongeza, ababoni sizathu sokuba abantu abangengabo amaMalay bangachasa ukuguqukela kwiSilamsi, njengoko betshatile, abantwana baya kuqwalaselwa ngokuzenzekelayo njengeMalay ngokoMgaqo-siseko, ohamba nenqanaba kunye namalungelo. Iimbono zabantu abangengoMalay abaguqukele kubuSilamsi zazisekelwe kudliwano-ndlebe lwesibini oluye lwenziwa ngabanye abaphengululi. Njengoko ukuba ngumSilamsi kunxulunyaniswa nokuba ngumMalay, abantu abaninzi abangengoMalay abaguqukileyo baziva behluthwe imvakalelo yabo yenkolo neyobuhlanga, kwaye baziva becinezelekile ukuba bamkele inkcubeko yohlanga lwaseMalay. Nangona ukutshintsha umthetho woguqulo kunokuba nzima, iingxoxo ezivulekileyo zeenkolo ngeenkolo ezikolweni nakumacandelo karhulumente inokuba linyathelo lokuqala lokujongana nale ngxaki.

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