Ukwakha Ukulamula Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Umthelela Ekwenzeni Ukuthula EDolobheni LaseNew York

UBrad Heckman

Ukwakha Ukulamula Kwamazwe Ngamazwe: Umthelela Ekwenzeni Ukuthula EDolobheni LaseNew York ku-ICERM Radio eyasakazwa ngoMashi 19, 2016.

Kulesi siqephu, uBrad Heckman ukhuluma ngeminyaka yakhe egqugquzela ukuthula phesheya nokuthi ulwazi lwakhe lokusebenza emazweni amaningi lube negalelo kanjani ekuthuthukisweni kokulamula nezinye izinhlelo zokuxazulula izingxabano eDolobheni laseNew York.

 

UBrad Heckman

UBrad Heckman uyiSikhulu Esiphezulu se-New York Peace Institute, enye yezinsizakalo ezinkulu zokuxoxisana zomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele.

U-Brad Heckman uphinde abe nguSolwazi Obalulekile eSikhungweni Sezindaba Zomhlaba seNyuvesi yaseNew York, lapho athola khona Umklomelo Omuhle Ekufundiseni. Usebenza emabhodini eNational Association for Community Mediation, New York State Dispute Resolution Association, futhi wayeyi-Trustee esungula iNew York City Peace Museum. UBrad uqeqeshe izinyunyana zabasebenzi, i-NYPD, i-NASA, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinhlelo zeZizwe Ezihlangene, abaholi besifazane abasafufusa ePersian Gulf, kanye nezinkampani emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwaziwa ngokuhlanganisa eyakhe imifanekiso, isiko le-pop, amahlaya kanye nethiyetha, njengoba kubonakala ku-TEDx Talk yakhe, Ngengqondo Engena Maphakathi.

Intshisekelo kaBrad yokukhuthaza inkhulumomphendvulwano enokuthula yaqala ngenkathi efundisa eNyuvesi yasePoland ngo-1989, ebona uguquko olusuka ekubuseni kweSoviet luye kuntando yeningi ngezingxoxo eziwuchungechunge. Ngaphambilini uBrad wayeyiPhini Likamongameli we-Safe Horizon, okuyinhlangano ehamba phambili yezisulu kanye ne-ejensi evimbela udlame, lapho ayengamele khona Ukulamula, Imindeni Yezisulu Zokubulala, Izinsizakalo Zezomthetho, Ukulwa Nokushushumbiswa Kwabantu, Ukungenelela Kwabashayayo, kanye Nezinhlelo Zokulwa Nokubulawa Kwabantu. Uphinde wasebenza njengoMqondisi Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wozakwethu BeDemocratic Change, lapho asize khona ukuthuthukisa izikhungo zokuqala zokulamula eMpumalanga Yurophu, emazweni aseBalkan, eSoviet Union yangaphambili naseLatin America. Umsebenzi wakhe uvezwe kuWall Street Journal, New York Times, TimeOut New York, NASH Radio, Telemundo, Univision kanye nezinye izitolo zezindaba.

UBrad uthole i-Master of Arts in International Relations e-Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, kanye neBachelor of Arts in Political Science e-Dickinson College. 

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Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

Izinkolo e-Igboland: Ukuhlukahluka, Ukufaneleka kanye Nokufaneleka

Inkolo ingesinye sezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho esinomthelela ongenakuphikwa esintwini noma kuphi emhlabeni. Njengoba kubukeka kungcwele, inkolo ayibalulekile nje kuphela ekuqondeni ukuba khona kwanoma iyiphi isibalo sabantu bomdabu kodwa iphinde ibe nokuhambisana nenqubomgomo ezimweni ezihlukene nezokuthuthuka. Ubufakazi bomlando kanye ne-ethnographic mayelana nokubonakaliswa okuhlukene kanye nezigaba zamagama zesenzakalo senkolo buningi. Isizwe sama-Igbo eNingizimu neNigeria, ezinhlangothini zombili zoMfula iNiger, singelinye lamaqembu amasiko osomabhizinisi abamnyama abakhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika, anentshiseko yezenkolo engenakuphikiswa ehlanganisa intuthuko esimeme kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe phakathi kwemingcele yaso yendabuko. Kodwa isimo sezenkolo sase-Igboland sishintsha njalo. Kuze kube ngu-1840, inkolo/izinkolo ezivelele zama-Igbo kwakungezomdabu noma zendabuko. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka kamuva, lapho umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli zobuKristu uqala endaweni, kwavulwa ibutho elisha elalizogcina lilungise kabusha inkolo yendabuko yendawo. UbuKristu bakhula baba mncane ukubusa kwakamuva. Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyikhulu yobuKristu e-Igboland, inkolo yobuSulumane kanye nezinye izinkolo ezingezona ezemvelo zavela ukuze ziqhudelane nezinkolo zomdabu zase-Igbo kanye nobuKristu. Leli phepha lilandelela ukuhlukahluka kwezenkolo kanye nokuhambisana kwakho nokusebenza ekuthuthukisweni okuvumelanayo e-Igboland. Idonsa idatha yayo emisebenzini eshicilelwe, izingxoxo, nezinto zobuciko. Iphikisana ngokuthi njengoba izinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yezenkolo yama-Igbo izoqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kanye/noma ukuzivumelanisa, noma ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhluka phakathi kwezinkolo ezikhona nezisafufusa, ukuze kuphile ama-Igbo.

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