Amandla Nobuthakathaka Bemodeli YaseShayina Yokulamula Yesimilo

Abstract:

Njengendlela ekhethwayo nedumile yokuxazulula izingxabano ezinomlando omude nesiko, imodeli yokulamula yaseShayina iguquke yaba uhlobo oluhlukile noluxubile. Imodeli yokulamula eyisici ikhombisa ukuthi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isitayela sokulamula esigxile kakhulu esiholwa yizinkantolo zendawo sisetshenziswe kakhulu emadolobheni amaningi asogwini ngokuthuthuka komnotho; ngakolunye uhlangothi, indlela yokulamula yendabuko lapho izingxabano zixazululwa kakhulu ngezinhloko zesigodi, abaholi bezizwe kanye/noma abantu abakhethekile bomphakathi isekhona futhi isetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseShayina. Lolu cwaningo locwaningo lwethula izici ezihlukile zemodeli yokulamula yaseShayina futhi ludingida ukufaneleka kanye nobuthakathaka bemodeli yokulamula yaseShayina eyisici.

Funda noma landa iphepha eligcwele:

Wang, Zhiwei (2019). Amandla Nobuthakathaka Bemodeli YaseShayina Yokulamula Yesimilo

Ijenali Yokuphila Ndawonye, ​​6 (1), amakhasi 144-152, 2019, ISSN: 2373-6615 (Phrinta); 2373-6631 (Ku-inthanethi).

@Isihloko{Wang2019
Isihloko = {Amandla Nobuthakathaka Bemodeli YaseShayina Yokulamula Yesimilo}
Umbhali = {Zhiwei Wang}
I-Url = {https://icermediation.org/chinas-mediation-model/}
I-ISSN = {2373-6615 (Phrinta); 2373-6631 (Ku-inthanethi)}
Unyaka = {2019}
Idethi = {2019-12-18}
Ijenali = {Journal of Living Together}
Ivolumu = {6}
Inombolo = {1}
Amakhasi = {144-152}
Umshicileli = {Isikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokulamula Kwe-Ethno-Religious}
Ikheli = {Mount Vernon, New York}
Uhlelo = {2019}.

Ungahlukıselana

Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

Ingabe Amaqiniso Amaningi Angaba Khona Kanye Kanye? Nansi indlela ukusolwa okukodwa eNdlu yabaMeli okungavula indlela yezingxoxo ezinzima kodwa ezibucayi mayelana Nodweshu Lwakwa-Israel-Palestine ngokwemibono eyahlukene.

Le bhulogi ihlolisisa ukungqubuzana kwe-Israel-Palestine ngokuvuma imibono eyahlukene. Kuqala ngokuhlolwa kokusola kommeli u-Rashida Tlaib, bese kucutshungulwa izingxoxo ezikhulayo phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene - endaweni, ezweni, nasemhlabeni jikelele - ezigqamisa ukuhlukana okukhona nxazonke. Isimo siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, sihlanganisa izindaba eziningi ezinjengombango phakathi kwalezo zezinkolo nezinhlanga ezihlukene, ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele yabameleli beNdlu ohlelweni lokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe lweChamber, kanye nokungqubuzana okugxilile kwamazwe amaningi. Ubunkimbinkimbi bokusolwa kukaTlaib kanye nomthelela wokuzamazama komhlaba okube nawo kwabaningi kwenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlola izehlakalo ezenzeka phakathi kwe-Israel nePalestine. Wonke umuntu ubonakala enezimpendulo ezifanele, nokho akekho ongavuma. Kungani kunjalo?

Ungahlukıselana

Ukuguqulelwa ku-Islam kanye ne-Ethnic Nationalism e-Malaysia

Leli phepha liyingxenye yephrojekthi enkulu yocwaningo egxile ekukhuleni kobuzwe baseMalay kanye nokuphakama eMalaysia. Nakuba ukwanda kobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, leli phepha ligxile ngokukhethekile emthethweni wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane e-Malaysia kanye nokuthi ingabe uqinise noma cha imizwa yobukhulu bobuzwe baseMalay. IMalaysia iyizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi futhi elinezinkolo eziningi elathola inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kumaBritish. Abantu baseMalay beyisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke bebelokhu bebheka inkolo yobuSulumane njengengxenye nengxenye yobuntu babo obubehlukanisa nezinye izizwe ezalethwa ezweni ngesikhathi sombuso wamakoloni wamaNgisi. Nakuba inkolo yobuSulumane iyinkolo esemthethweni, uMthethosisekelo uvumela ukuba ezinye izinkolo zenziwe ngokuthula abantu baseMalaysia okungewona amaMalay, okungamaShayina namaNdiya. Kodwa-ke, umthetho wamaSulumane olawula imishado yamaSulumane eMalaysia ugunyaze ukuthi abangewona amaSulumane kumele baguqukele ku-Islam uma befisa ukushada namaSulumane. Kuleli phepha, ngiphikisa ukuthi umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane usetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuqinisa imizwa yobuzwe baseMalay eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqoqwa ngokusekelwe ezingxoxweni namaSulumane aseMalay ashade nabangewona amaMalay. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi iningi labantu okwaxoxwa nabo baseMalay babheka ukuguqukela ku-Islam njengokubalulekile njengoba kudingwa yinkolo yamaSulumane nomthetho wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi abasiboni isizathu sokuthi kungani abantu abangewona amaMalay bengafuni ukuguqukela enkolweni yobuSulumane, njengoba ngesikhathi somshado, izingane zizothathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengamaMalay njengokusho koMthethosisekelo, nawo oza nesimo namalungelo. Imibono yabangewona amaMalay abaguqukele ku-Islam yayisekelwe ezingxoxweni zesibili eziye zenziwa ezinye izazi. Njengoba ukuba umSulumane kuhlotshaniswa nokuba umMalay, abantu abaningi abangewona amaMalay abaguqukile bazizwa bephucwe umuzwa wabo wenkolo nobuzwe, futhi bazizwa becindezelwa ukuba bamukele isiko lamaMalay. Nakuba ukushintsha umthetho wokuguqulwa kungase kube nzima, izingxoxo ezivulekile zokuhlangana kwezinkolo ezikoleni nasezimbonini zomphakathi kungase kube isinyathelo sokuqala sokubhekana nale nkinga.

Ungahlukıselana

Izinkolo e-Igboland: Ukuhlukahluka, Ukufaneleka kanye Nokufaneleka

Inkolo ingesinye sezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho esinomthelela ongenakuphikwa esintwini noma kuphi emhlabeni. Njengoba kubukeka kungcwele, inkolo ayibalulekile nje kuphela ekuqondeni ukuba khona kwanoma iyiphi isibalo sabantu bomdabu kodwa iphinde ibe nokuhambisana nenqubomgomo ezimweni ezihlukene nezokuthuthuka. Ubufakazi bomlando kanye ne-ethnographic mayelana nokubonakaliswa okuhlukene kanye nezigaba zamagama zesenzakalo senkolo buningi. Isizwe sama-Igbo eNingizimu neNigeria, ezinhlangothini zombili zoMfula iNiger, singelinye lamaqembu amasiko osomabhizinisi abamnyama abakhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika, anentshiseko yezenkolo engenakuphikiswa ehlanganisa intuthuko esimeme kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe phakathi kwemingcele yaso yendabuko. Kodwa isimo sezenkolo sase-Igboland sishintsha njalo. Kuze kube ngu-1840, inkolo/izinkolo ezivelele zama-Igbo kwakungezomdabu noma zendabuko. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka kamuva, lapho umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli zobuKristu uqala endaweni, kwavulwa ibutho elisha elalizogcina lilungise kabusha inkolo yendabuko yendawo. UbuKristu bakhula baba mncane ukubusa kwakamuva. Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyikhulu yobuKristu e-Igboland, inkolo yobuSulumane kanye nezinye izinkolo ezingezona ezemvelo zavela ukuze ziqhudelane nezinkolo zomdabu zase-Igbo kanye nobuKristu. Leli phepha lilandelela ukuhlukahluka kwezenkolo kanye nokuhambisana kwakho nokusebenza ekuthuthukisweni okuvumelanayo e-Igboland. Idonsa idatha yayo emisebenzini eshicilelwe, izingxoxo, nezinto zobuciko. Iphikisana ngokuthi njengoba izinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yezenkolo yama-Igbo izoqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kanye/noma ukuzivumelanisa, noma ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhluka phakathi kwezinkolo ezikhona nezisafufusa, ukuze kuphile ama-Igbo.

Ungahlukıselana

Ubuzwe Njengethuluzi Lokuqeda I-Extremism Yezenkolo: Indaba Eyindaba Yokungqubuzana Kwangaphakathi eSomalia

Uhlelo lwezibongo kanye nenkolo eSomalia yizinto ezimbili ezigqama kakhulu ezichaza isakhiwo senhlalo esiyisisekelo sesizwe saseSomalia. Lesi sakhiwo kube yisona sici esihlanganisa abantu baseSomalia. Ngeshwa, uhlelo olufanayo luthathwa njengesithiyo ekuxazululweni kwengxabano phakathi kweSomalia. Ngokusobala, umndeni ugqama njengensika emaphakathi yesakhiwo senhlalo eSomalia. Yindawo yokungena empilweni yabantu baseSomalia. Leli phepha lihlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuguqula ukubusa kokuzalana kube yithuba lokuqeda umthelela omubi wokushisekela inkolo. Iphepha lamukela ithiyori yokuguquguquka kokungqubuzana eyamenyezelwa nguJohn Paul Lederach. Umbono wefilosofi wale ndatshana uwukuthula okuhle njengoba kuthuthukiswe nguGaltung. Idatha eyinhloko yaqoqwa ngohlu lwemibuzo, izingxoxo zamaqembu okugxilwa kuwo (ama-FGD), namashejuli ezingxoxo ezihlelwe kancane afaka abaphenduli abangu-223 abanolwazi mayelana nezinkinga zokungqubuzana eSomalia. Idatha yesibili yaqoqwa ngokubuyekezwa kwezincwadi zezincwadi namajenali. Lolu cwaningo luhlonze lo mndeni njengengubo enamandla eSomalia engakwazi ukuxoxisana neqembu lezenkolo, i-Al Shabaab, ezingxoxweni zokuletha ukuthula. Akunakwenzeka ukunqoba i-Al Shabaab njengoba isebenza phakathi kwabantu futhi inokuguquguquka okuphezulu ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga empi e-asymmetrical. Ukwengeza, uhulumeni waseSomalia ubonwa yi-Al Shabaab njengowenziwe umuntu, ngakho-ke, umlingani ongekho emthethweni, ongafaneleki ukuxoxisana naye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubandakanya iqembu ezingxoxweni kuyindida; amademokhrasi awaxoxisani namaqembu amaphekula funa awenze abe semthethweni njengezwi labantu. Ngakho-ke, lo mndeni uba uphiko olusemthethweni lokusingatha isibopho sokuxoxisana phakathi kukahulumeni neqembu labashisekeli bezenkolo, i-Al Shabaab. Lesi sizwe singabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekufinyeleleni entsheni okuyizisulu zemikhankaso ye-radicalization evela emaqenjini ontamolukhuni. Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi uhlelo lwezibongo eSomalia, njengesikhungo esibalulekile ezweni, kumele lubambisane ukuze lunikeze indawo emaphakathi engxabanweni futhi lusebenze njengebhuloho phakathi kombuso neqembu lezenkolo elinontamolukhuni, i-Al Shabaab. Uhlelo lwezibongo kungenzeka lulethe izisombululo zasekhaya kule ngxabano.

Ungahlukıselana