Ukuxhumana, Amasiko, Imodeli Yenhlangano kanye Nesitayela: Isifundo Esiyisibonelo se-Walmart
abstract
Umgomo waleli phepha ukuhlola nokuchaza isiko lenhlangano - okucatshangwayo okuyisisekelo, izindinganiso ezihlanganyelwe kanye nesistimu yezinkolelo - eziqondisa ukuziphatha kwabasebenzi base-Walmart futhi zilawule indlela abazibona ngayo ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, ezihlobene nomunye nomunye, futhi bahlanganyele namakhasimende abo kanye nomhlaba wangaphandle. Ngokuqonda isiko lenhlangano ye-Walmart, leli phepha liphinde lifune ukugqamisa izinhlobo noma izitayela ezahlukene zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwale nhlangano, uhlaka lwenhlangano olunomthelela ekutheni izinqumo zenziwa kanjani ngohlelo lwazo futhi linquma ukusatshalaliswa kwemisebenzi noma izindima ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. inhlangano, futhi ekugcineni imifelandawonye ehlukene noma imifelandawonye eye yavela ngenxa yezitayela zokuxhumana namandla dynamics ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Walmart.
Amasiko Enhlangano
Isiko lenhlangano likaWalmart kukholakala ukuthi livele emcabangweni oyisisekelo wokuthi “umthengisi angasiza abantu bonge imali futhi baphile kangcono” (bona Ukusebenza eWalmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart). Lo mbono wokuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila zabantu bendawo ngokunikeza ulwazi oluyingqayizivele lwenkonzo yamakhasimende oluklanyelwe ukunikeza amakhasimende izimpahla nezinsizakalo ezihlukahlukene ezithengekayo nezikhangayo, okuholela ekwakhiweni kwendlela yokuvuselela umnotho ngokusebenzisa. ukukhiqiza, amathuba emisebenzi kanye nokudayisa, kuhlanganisa isisekelo lapho ugqozi oluyinhloko luka-Sam Walton, umsunguli we-Walmart, lusekelwe khona. USam Walton, ngobuholi bakhe kanye nokubuka umhlaba - ulwazi lwakhe lomuntu siqu lomhlaba - waqala i-Walmart isiko lenkampani, futhi "wayenethonya ekubumbeni ukuziphatha kanye nezindinganiso zabanye {...}, ukudala izimo zokwakheka kwamasiko amasha" (Schein, 2010, p. 3).
Ngalo mbono, kuba nengqondo futhi kuzwakala ukuphikisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kobuholi namasiko ngaphakathi kwalesi simo senhlangano. "Esigcina sikubiza ngesiko kulezo zinhlelo," ngokusho kuka-Schein (2010), "imvamisa kuwumphumela wokushumeka kwalokho umsunguli noma umholi akubeke eqenjini elisebenzile. Ngalo mqondo, isiko ekugcineni liyadalwa, ligxiliswe, liguquke, futhi ekugcineni lisetshenziswe abaholi” (ikhasi 3) ukuze libe nomthelela ebuholini nasekusebenzeni kwabasebenzi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano. Isiko lenhlangano e-Walmart, njengoba linjalo kunoma iyiphi enye inhlangano yebhizinisi enomlando ofanayo nokuqagela okuyisisekelo, lingaqondwa uma kucatshangelwa incazelo ka-Schein's (2010) yesiko leqembu njengehlanganisa “iphethini yokuqagela okuyisisekelo okwabelwanayo okufundiwe iqembu njengoba lixazulula izinkinga zalo zokuzivumelanisa nezimo zangaphandle kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwangaphakathi, okuye kwasebenza kahle ngokwanele ukuba kubhekwe njengokufanelekile, ngakho-ke, ukufundiswa amalungu amasha njengendlela efanele yokubona, ukucabanga, nokuzizwa ngokuphathelene nalezo zinkinga.” (ikhasi 18).
Ukuhlaziywa kolwazi olutholakala kungobo yomlando e-Walmart kuphakamisa ukuthi abaphathi abasha be-Walmart kanye nabalingani bacwiliswa kuqala ekuphileni, umcabango oyisisekelo wokuthi “umthengisi angasiza abantu bonge imali futhi baphile kangcono.” Le nkolelo eyisisekelo iqondisa futhi yazisa izenzo zabo, ukuziphatha, ubudlelwano, kanye nesimo sengqondo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwenhlangano. Nokho, ukubamba umcabango onjalo kukodwa akusho ukuthi a isiko lenkampani. Kukhona okunye okudingekayo - okungukuthi, indlela yokuletha ukuqagela okunengqondo ukuze kuphumelele noma kube ngokoqobo. Isiko lenhlangano e-Walmart ngakho-ke lingaqondwa ngombono “we-praxis” ogcizelela umkhuba owamukelekayo. Le ncazelo iqoshwe kangcono incazelo kaWalmart yesiko: “Isiko lethu yindlela esisebenzisana ngayo ukuze sifeze leyo njongo [injongo lapha ibhekisela ekusizeni abantu bonge imali futhi baphile kangcono].” (Bheka Ukusebenza eWalmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart). Ukuze ifeze iphupho layo ngendlela yokuhlanganyela, i-Walmart yamukela izimiso ezine ezibalulekile okuthi, uma zihlanganiswa, zakhe lokho okungachazwa njengesiko lomsebenzi wenhlangano e-Walmart. Lawa magugu yilawa: “usizo kumakhasimende, ukuhlonipha umuntu ngamunye, ukulwela ukwenza kahle, kanye nokwenza ngobuqotho” (Bheka Ukusebenza eWalmart http://corporate.walmart.com/our-story/working-at-walmart).
Kuthebula elingezansi, kwenziwa umzamo wokufingqa isiko lomsebenzi wenhlangano e-Walmart, ithiyori yoshintsho engaphansi kwengxenye ngayinye yesiko lenhlangano le-Walmart, kanye nezincazelo noma izici ezakhayo zesiko lenhlangano ngalinye.
| Isiko Lomsebenzi eWalmart | Isevisi kumakhasimende | Ukuhlonipha Umuntu Ngamunye | Ukulwela Ukwenza Okuvelele | Ukwenza Ngobuqotho |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Theory of Change (Uma…, bese) | Uma i-Walmart yasungulwa ngenxa yamakhasimende, khona-ke abasebenzi be-Walmart - abaphathi nabalingani - kufanele balwele nsuku zonke ukuze banelise amakhasimende. | Uma i-Walmart ifuna ukwenza abasebenzi bayo basebenzisane ukuze bafeze injongo yayo: “ukusiza abantu bonge imali futhi baphile kangcono,” kusho ukuthi izisebenzi ze-Walmart, amakhasimende namalungu omphakathi kufanele bahlonishwe. | Uma i-Walmart ifuna ukuphumelela, i-Walmart kufanele njalo ithuthukise imodeli yayo yebhizinisi futhi ithuthukise amakhono abasebenzi bayo ngokuqhubekayo. | Uma i-Walmart ifuna ukugcina isithunzi nokwethenjwa okuhambisana nemodeli yebhizinisi layo, izenzo zabasebenzi be-Walmart kufanele ziqondiswe imigomo yobuqotho. |
| Izincazelo/ Izakhi 1 | Khonza amakhasimende ngokuwenza aze kuqala. | Yazisa futhi uqaphele iminikelo yawo wonke ozakwethu. | Qamba kabusha ngokuzama izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto futhi uthuthukise nsuku zonke. | Thembeka ngokukhuluma iqiniso nangokugcina izwi lethu. |
| Izincazelo/ Izakhi 2 | Sekela abalingani ukuze bakwazi ukusiza amakhasimende kangcono. | Baphathe esikwenzayo ngomuzwa wokuphuthuma, futhi unikezane amandla okwenza okufanayo. | Lingisa isibonelo esihle njengoba siphishekela amathemba aphezulu. | Yiba nobulungisa futhi uvuleke lapho usebenza nabalingani, abahlinzeki kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza. |
| Izincazelo/ Izakhi 3 | Nikeza umphakathi wendawo ngezindlela ezixhuma kumakhasimende. | Xhumana ngokulalela bonke abahlanganyeli nokwabelana ngemibono nolwazi. | Sebenzani njengeqembu ngokusizana nokucela usizo. | Yiba nenjongo ngokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kuphela kuzintshisekelo ze-Walmart kuyilapho usebenza ngokuthobela yonke imithetho nezinqubomgomo zethu. |
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha eqoqwe kulolu cwaningo lwe-ethnographic lwengxabano ye-Walmart-Employees (noma abahlanganyeli), kusetshenziswa amasu amathathu ayinhloko: ukubheka, ukuxoxisana, nokucwaninga kwe-archival, kwembula ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana noma ukuhlukana phakathi kwalokho i-Walmart ekuxhasayo njengesiko layo lomsebenzi wenhlangano. (izinkolelo eziyisisekelo ezishiwo ngenhla kanye namagugu ayisisekelo) nokuthi izisebenzi noma ozakwethu be-Walmart baphathwa kanjani ngempela uchungechunge lwemiyalo nabaphathi be-Walmart. Lo mehluko phakathi kwezinkolelo nezenzo udale ukugxekwa okuningi okuvela emaqenjini anentshisekelo ahlukene ngokumelene ne-Walmart, kubangele ukuthi kuvele izitayela ezahlukene zokuxhumana ngaphakathi kwenhlangano, kwadala isikhala sokwakhiwa komfelandawonye kanye namadlelandawonye emazingeni ahlukene, futhi kubangele ubunzima bangaphakathi noma ukuhlukana okuholela ekutheni inani eliphezulu lamacala kanye nezinhlawulo ezimelene ne-Walmart ngabalingani bayo.
Nakuba izigaba ezilandelayo zaleli phepha zigqamisa lezi zindlela zokuxhumana, kuxoxiswane ngochungechunge lwemiyalo noma uhlaka lwenhlangano olubhekele ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, kanye nezinhlobo zamadlelandawonye noma imifelandawonye esungulwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Walmart, kubalulekile ukuthi manje siveze ukuthi kuphi ngempela. ukungezwani kuyatholakala kanye nezenzo ezithile ezibonakala zingqubuzana nezindinganiso ezivamile noma izinkolelo ze-Walmart.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kwembule ukuthi inkinga enkulu egcizelela ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwengxabano ye-Walmart-Employees ihlobene nokwehluleka kwe-Walmart ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulu kwabalingani bayo - imibono yabo yokuthi ezinye zezenzo ze-Walmart kubo ziphambene nezindinganiso zabo eziyinhloko zenhlangano: isevisi kumakhasimende, ukuhlonipha umuntu ngamunye, ukulwela ukwenza kahle, kanye nokwenza ngobuqotho.
Izikhungo kumakhasimende: Ngokuqhubeka kwalolu cwaningo, kwatholakala ukuthi kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesimangalo sikaWalmart sokuthi abasekeli abasekelayo ukuze bakwazi ukusiza amakhasimende kangcono kanye nombono wabahlanganyeli ngempatho ye-Walmart kubo, nokuthi lokhu kwelashwa kuye kwabuthinta kanjani ubudlelwano babo namakhasimende, isimo sabo senhlalonhle yezomnotho, kanye nempilo yabo engokwengqondo. Kuphinde kwatholakala ukuthi isimangalo i-Walmart asiphethe ukunikeza umphakathi wendawo ngezindlela ezixhuma kumakhasimende ngokwezinga elithile liyangqubuzana nombono wamalungu athile omphakathi mayelana neqhaza le-Walmart ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi.
Inhlonipho Okomuntu Ngamunye: Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha eqoqiwe kubonise ukuthi i-Walmart iqinisekisa ukuthi abaphathi bayo ihlonipha futhi ibona iminikelo yawo wonke umuntu osebenzisana naye akuhambisani nalokho abanye abahlanganyeli abahlangabezana nakho ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nabaphathi. Umbuzo owavela ngesikhathi socwaningo wawuthi: Akuyona yini into eyodwa ukuqaphela amagalelo omuntu, nokunye ukwazisa lawo magalelo? Abahlanganyeli be-Walmart bakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kanzima nemizamo yabo yokusiza i-Walmart ukuthi ifinyelele izinjongo zayo zenhlangano kuvunywa abaphathi ngenxa yenzuzo enkulu eqoqwa yi-Walmart kanye nokwanda kwayo okuqhubekayo emhlabeni jikelele. Nokho, amagalelo abo engxoxweni yokuthi bangayithuthukisa kanjani inhlalakahle yabo njengabasebenzi awabonwa futhi awaziswa. Ngalo mbono, banqume ukumelana ngokukhululekile nanoma iyiphi i-ajenda ezokwenza babe yi- izindlela kuya ekupheleni esikhundleni sokuba yi- ekupheleni ngokwabo. Abalingani bakaWalmart baphinde bathi nakuba iWalmart ikholelwa ukuthi abaphathi bayo - abaholi abasezingeni eliphezulu nabasezingeni eliphakathi - iyaxhumana ngokulalela bonke ababambisene nabo nokwabelana ngemibono nolwazi, empeleni, nokho, izimo zengqondo nokuziphatha kwabaphathi ngokuphathelene nezithakazelo nemibono yabahlanganyeli bendlela yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabo njengoba izisebenzi zingqubuzana nezindinganiso eziyinhloko nezinkolelo i-Walmart ezifuna ukuzigcina.
Ukulwela Ukuphumelela: Esinye isizinda lapho abahlanganyeli be-Walmart bebona khona ukungezwani kusezindaweni ze innovation futhi umsebenzi wethimba. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi inkolelo eyisisekelo noma ukubaluleka okubophezela kokubili abaphathi nabahlobene nakho ukusungula ngokuzama izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto kanye nokwenza ngcono nsuku zonke isetshenziswa futhi iphoqelelwe ngokwezinga lapho isebenzela khona izithakazelo zobuholi nabaphathi be-Walmart, kuyilapho ilulaza izithakazelo, futhi inganaki amazwi, abalingani. Izikhalo ezehlukene eziwumsuka wezicelo nomzabalazo wabahlanganyeli zivezwe kuleli thebula elingezansi. Kodwa-ke, omunye wemibuzo eyinhloko eyaphakama ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha wawuthi: uma i-Walmart ibambelela ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kokusungula izinto ezintsha ngokuzama izindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto nokuthuthukisa nsuku zonke, kungani ubuholi bayo buphikisana nesicelo sabasebenzi sokuhlanganisa inyunyana yabalingani beWalmart? Kukhona futhi umehluko obonakalayo phakathi kwevelu ewumongo ye ukusebenza njengeqembu ngokusizana nokucela usizo kanye nezimpendulo kanye nokusabela kobuholi nabaphathi be-Walmart mayelana nezidingo ezishiwo nezintshisakalo zabahlanganyeli.
Ukwenza Ngobuqotho: Kukhona nokukhathazeka okukhulayo mayelana ne-dichotomy ekhona phakathi kwesibopho so senze ngobuqotho - okungukuthi, uku be uthembekile ngokukhuluma iqiniso, ukuba kahle futhi ivuleleke lapho usebenzisana nabalingani, abahlinzeki kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza, noma uku Injongo ngokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe kuphela kuzintshisekelo ze-Walmart ngenkathi isebenza ngokuthobela yonke imithetho nezinqubomgomo, kanye nokuphathwa ngendlela ebonakala ingenabulungisa, engenabulungisa futhi engekho emthethweni kwabanye ozakwethu ngabaphathi be-Walmart kanye nezenzo ezicatshangelwayo zokucwasa e-Walmart, ezinye zazo eziye zaphelela ekumangaleleni nasekujezisweni kwenkampani. Umbuzo owavela phakathi nalolu cwaningo wawuthi: i-Walmart ingakuthethelela kanjani ukuthi ubuholi nabaphathi bayo benza ngobuqotho futhi besekelwe emthethweni lapho abanye abahlanganyeli nabaqashi abasha bethi baye babandlululwa noma lapho abaphathi besolwa ngokuzitika ngemikhuba engekho emthethweni emelene nabalingani - imikhuba esukela ekuvaleni okungalindelekile kwezitolo kanye nokuncishiswa kwemisebenzi ethile, ekwehlisweni okuncishisiwe kanye nokuncishiswa kwemisebenzi ethile. abahlanganyeli.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa ngokuningiliziwe ukungaboni ngaso linye okubonwayo (njengoba kuvezwe i-Associates) phakathi kwezinkambiso zamasiko ze-Walmart kanye nezinqubo zangempela, ukuziphatha nezimo zengqondo zobuholi bayo kanye nabaphathi maqondana nabalingani. Futhi, ithebula ligqamisa izidingo zomuntu zakho kokubili i-Walmart Associates nabaphathi. Ukuhlola ukuqonda kokungqubuzana kwe-Walmart-Employees ngale kwesikhundla sokuqala kanye "nokuhlonza inzalo ezingeni elijulile, izinga lezidingo zomuntu," imodeli yezidingo zomuntu esetshenziswe kuthebula elingezansi izosiza kokubili abahlanganyeli nabaphathi ukukhomba "izidingo zabantu okwabelwana ngazo" (Katz, Lawyer, and Sweedler, 2011, p. 109). Leli thebula libalulekile ngomqondo wokuthi lisebenza njengemfuneko yokuqonda izinhlobo zokuxhumana noma izitayela ezivele ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwe-Walmart.
| Umehluko Obonwa Abahlobene | Izidingo Zomuntu (Ngokusekelwe Kumodeli Yezidingo Zomuntu) |
|---|---|
| Phakathi Kwemikhuba Yamasiko E-Walmart kanye Nemikhuba Yangempela Yobuholi Nokuphatha kwayo | Inhlangano i-United for Respect e-Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU, inhlangano ye-Walmart Associates, ka-Walmart Associates, ye-Walmart Associates.) |
| Abaphathwa ngenhlonipho ebafanele. | Isikhundla: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Walmart Associates |
| Amalungelo nezindinganiso zabasebenzi aphulwa. | Izidingo Zomzimba (Izintshisekelo) |
| Ungabi nalo izwi ezitolo. | 1) I-Walmart kufanele ikhokhe okungenani u-$15 ngehora futhi yandise iphesenti labasebenzi besikhathi esigcwele. 2) I-Walmart kufanele yenze ukuhlela kubikezelwe futhi kuthembeke. 3) I-Walmart kufanele inikeze amaholo nezinzuzo eziqinisekisa ukuthi abekho abahlanganyeli abazoncika osizweni lukahulumeni ukuze bahlinzekele imindeni yabo. |
| Ukukhathazeka ngomsebenzi wabo akunakwa. | Ukuphepha / Ukuphepha (Izintshisekelo) |
| Ukuyaluyalu noma ukufuna inkululeko yokuzihlanganisa / yokuhlangana kuvame ukuhlangabezana nesijeziso esivela kubaphathi. | 1) I-Walmart kufanele ivumele i-Associates ukuthi ijoyine i-Walmart YETHU ngokukhululekile ngaphandle kokwesaba ukujeziswa - ukuvalwa kwesitolo, ukudilizwa, noma ukulahlekelwa izinzuzo. I-2) I-Walmart kufanele isize abahlanganyeli ukuthi bathole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuthengekayo, futhi bandise ukuhlinzekwa kokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi baqhubeke nokusebenza ukuze banwebe ukuhlinzekwa lapho ukuguqulwa kwezempilo kuqala ukusebenza, kunokuba basebenzise izintuba zomthetho ukuze banqabe ukuhlinzekwa. 3) I-Walmart kufanele ihloniphe ilungelo eliyisisekelo labahlanganyeli lenkululeko yokukhuluma ukuze abalingani bakhulume ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela. |
| Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Open Door ye-Walmart akubangeli ukuxazululwa kwezinkinga futhi ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo akuhlonishwa. | 4) I-Walmart kufanele iqashe abasebenzi abengeziwe, ngokusekelwe kusayizi olindelwe wezixuku phakathi nemicimbi yokuthengisa ngamaholide njengokuthi “Black Friday”. I-5) I-Walmart kufanele iqeqeshe: abasebenzi bezokuphepha noma abaphathi besixuku esizeni; abasebenzi ngezinyathelo zokuphepha; kanye nabasebenzi ngezinqubo eziphuthumayo. 6) I-Walmart kufanele ilungiselele uhlelo oluphuthumayo, futhi iqinisekise ukuthi bobabili abasebenzi kanye nabezimo eziphuthumayo zendawo bayazi ngakho. |
| Isimangalo sika-Walmart sokuthi inkokhelo yehora ye-Associates yesikhathi esigcwele ingaphezu kuka-$15 ngehora siyangqubuzana nemali engaphansi kuka-$10 ngehora ekhokhelwa ozakwabo abaningi. | Ubungane / Thina / Umoya Wethimba (Izithakazelo) |
| Ukuncishiswa kwamahora okusebenza kwabasebenza nabo betoho kwenza kube nzima ukondla imindeni yabo. | 1) I-Walmart kufanele igubhe imizamo yethu, futhi ilalele okusikhathazayo. 2) I-Walmart kufanele yamukele izinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa eziqinisekisa ukufinyelela okugcwele kwethuba nokuphathwa okulinganayo kubo bonke Abahlanganyeli kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungubani ubulili, uhlanga, ukukhubazeka, ukukhetha ubulili, noma ubudala. |
| Izimiso ezingavamile neziguquguqukayo ezinikezwa abangane zenza kube nzima ukunakekela imikhaya yabo. | 3) I-Walmart kufanele ilandele umthetho kaMnu. Sam: “Yabelana ngenzuzo yakho nabo bonke Abangane bakho, futhi ubaphathe njengabalingani bakho.” I-4) I-Walmart kufanele iqede ukucwasa okusekelwe eminyakeni yobudala, ubulili, uhlanga noma uhlelo lwenkolelo. |
| Ukungakwazi ukufinyelela ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kwe-Walmart ngenxa yokuthi kubiza kakhulu noma ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamahora okufaneleka. | Ukuzethemba / Ukuhlonipha(Izintshisekelo) |
| Abasebenzisana nabo babhekana nokuziphindiselela lapho bekhuluma ngezinkinga zasemsebenzini. | I-1) I-Walmart kufanele ihloniphe ukusebenza kanzima nobuntu be-Associates. 2) I-Walmart kufanele isiphathe ngenhlonipho nangesithunzi. |
| Impatho elinganayo iyenqatshelwa kubahlanganyeli abaningi. | 3) Sifuna ubulungisa nokungakhethi. 4) Sifuna ukuzizwa singabantu abaqotho abakwaziyo ukukhokhela izidingo eziyisisekelo zemindeni yethu. |
| Ukuthembela osizweni lukahulumeni ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo eziyisisekelo ngenkathi usasebenzela i-Walmart akukuhle. | Ukukhula Kwebhizinisi / Inzuzo / Ukuzenza Ongokoqobo(Izintshisekelo) |
| Gcina njalo unabasebenzi abambalwa futhi abasebenzi bahlale besebenza ngokweqile. | 1) I-Walmart kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi abaphathi baqeqeshwe ngendlela efanele mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa ngokulinganayo nangokulinganayo izinqubomgomo ezibhaliwe ze-Walmart ngaso sonke isikhathi kanye nokuhlinzeka bonke Abahlanganyeli ngebhukwana lenqubomgomo. 2) Sifuna ukuphumelela emisebenzini yethu, futhi sifuna inkampani yethu iphumelele ebhizinisini, futhi amakhasimende ethu athole isevisi enhle nenani, kanye ne-Walmart kanye ne-Associates ukwabelana ngayo yonke le migomo. |
| Ukumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana nokubamba iqhaza ezitelekeni kuhlangatshezwana nezinsongo zokuvalwa kwezitolo, ukudilizwa, noma ukulahlekelwa izinzuzo. | I-3) Sifuna ukukhula futhi sibe namathuba, ukukhushulwa kwamaholo ngendlela efanele - ukukhushulwa kwabo bonke esibambisene nabo okungenani ngama-$15/ihora. 4) Sifuna ukunikezwa amahora esikhathi esigcwele angashintshi uma siwafuna. |
| Abahlanganyeli namakhasimende basengozini yokulimala noma yokufa phakathi nemicimbi yokuthengisa ngamaholide njengokuthi “Black Friday”. | 5) Sifuna i-Walmart inikeze amahora engeziwe kuma-part-time Associates. I-6) Sifuna i-Walmart iqashe abasebenzi abaningi ezitolo ezingenabasebenzi abambalwa. |
| Izinsolo zokucwasa ngokobulili (isibonelo: Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.). | 7) Sifuna i-Walmart iqede ukwephulwa kwamaholo nehora. 8) Sifuna i-Walmart iqede ukuqeqesha nokunqanyulwa okungafanele. |
| Ukwephulwa komthetho wamaholo nehora, isibonelo amaholo angakhokhelwa kwabasebenzisana nabo. | 9) I-Walmart kufanele izibophezele ekubambeleleni kumalungelo abasebenzi kanye namazinga. |
Izinhlobo zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kweNhlangano
Ukuze iphendule lezi zikhalazo ezishiwo ngenhla futhi iqinise imigomo yayo, i-Walmart, iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, izama izitayela ezahlukene zokuxhumana. Okutholakele ocwaningweni ngezitayela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa yibo bobabili abaphathi be-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart Associates maqondana nokungqubuzana kwezinyunyana kuveze ukuthi:
- Ubuholi nabaphathi be-Walmart basebenzise amaqhinga noma izitayela ezingaguquki ngezikhathi namazinga ahlukene nangezinhloso ezehlukene ukuzama ukungayinaki ingxabano yokubumbana, ukuyicindezela noma ukubhekana nayo, ukunxenxa ozakwabo abanentshisekelo kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza ukuthi bayeke izimfuno zabo ngempoqo, noma benze okuthile. izivumelwano ngenhloso yokugcina isimo sikhona.
- Abahlanganyeli be-Walmart nabo basuke besuka kwesinye isitayela beya kwesinye kusukela kuqale ukungqubuzana kwezinyunyana. Yize kubonakala sengathi indikimba enkulu yabahlanganyeli be-Walmart, i-Organisation United for Respect e-Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU) - iqembu elisekela imbangela yezinyunyana, kusukela ekuphumeni kwayo okusemthethweni ngoJuni 2011 (Bheka i-Worker Center Watch, 2014), yamukele izitayela zokungqubuzana ezicacile, ezibonakala kalula noma amaphethini okuxhumana, ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izitayela zisabisa noma kunjalo izitayela zokuxhumana. izindlela kazwelonke zingaholela ekunqanyulweni kwemisebenzi yabo.
Ukuze kuqondwe kangcono zombili izitayela zokuxhumana zobuholi/ukuphatha kwe-Walmart kanye nalabo ababambisene nabo, lolu cwaningo lwamukele inhlanganisela “yemodeli yokungqubuzana enezinhlangothi ezimbili” (uBlake noMouton, 1971, njengoba kushiwo ku-Katz et al., 2011, pp. 83-84) kanye nesigaba sikaRahim (2011) sezitayela zokungqubuzana (njengoba kushiwo kuHocker noWilmot, 2014, p. 146). Lezi zindlela zokungqubuzana yilezi: ukugwema, ukubusa (ukuncintisana noma ukulawula), ukubophezela (ukwamukela), ukuyekethisa, kanye nokuhlanganisa (ukubambisana). Njengoba kuzochazwa ngezansi, bobabili abaphathi be-Walmart kanye nabalingani "bashintsha izitayela / izindlela zabo ukuze bavumelane nezidingo zezimo ezintsha" (Katz et al., 2011, p. 84). Ngasinye salezi zitayela zokungqubuzana, iqhinga lokuxhumana lababambe iqhaza elihambisanayo liyagqanyiswa.
| Izitayela Zokuxhumana (Ukungqubuzana). | Incazelo/Inhloso | Ubuholi/Ukuphatha kwe-Walmart | I-Walmart Associates |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ukugwema | Ukuma kwe-Leave-lose/win (Igoli eliphansi kanye neziqondiso zobudlelwano) | Yebo | Yebo |
| Ukuhlala (Kuyaphoqa) | Ukulahlekelwa isivuno/ukuwina (Ukuma kwegoli eliphansi kanye nobudlelwano obuphezulu) | _____________________________ | Yebo (ikakhulukazi abanye babahlanganyeli) |
| Kuyavunyelwa | I-mini-win/mini-lose (Umgomo okuxoxiwe ngawo kanye neziqondiso zobudlelwano) | Yebo | Yebo |
| Ukubusa (Ukuncintisana noma Ukulawula) | Wina/ulahlekelwe (Ukuma kwegoli eliphezulu kanye nobudlelwano obuphansi) | Yebo | Yebo |
| Ukuhlanganisa (Ukubambisana) | Win/win (Inhloso ephezulu kanye nokuqondiswa kobudlelwano) | Cha | Cha |
Ukugwema:
Idatha eqoqwe phakathi nezingxoxo nocwaningo lwezinqolobane zembula ukuthi ekuqaleni kwengxabano ye-Walmart-Associates mayelana nokuhlangana kwabasebenzi base-Walmart, ubuholi be-Walmart bathatha iqhinga lokugwema. Ubuholi nabaphathi be-Walmart bagweme ukuhileleka ezingxoxweni eziqondile ngodaba lokuhlangana nezinyunyana nabasebenzisana nabo futhi bakushaya indiva izintshisekelo zabo nezinhloso zabo. Ngokusho kukaSteve Adubato (2016), "Umphathi Omkhulu wakwaWal-Mart u-Lee Scott (osebenze njengesikhulu esiphezulu sesithathu se-Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., kusukela ngoJanuwari 2000 kuya kuJanuwari 2009) ngokusobala wayenomuzwa wokuthi ukuphendula ukugxekwa kuzokunikeza. ubuqiniso obungeziwe” (isigaba 3). Impendulo yobuholi be-Walmart esigabeni sokuqala sale ngxabano - isu labo lokugwema - ihambisana nesimo sengqondo sokungazibophezeli sokuphika ukuba khona kwengxabano. "Ngokwenza sengathi ukungqubuzana akukho, iqembu elinamandla amakhulu likhululiwe ekusebenzelaneni neqembu elinamandla aphansi" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 151). Lokhu kubonakala ngezinsolo "zokwenqaba ukubhekana nezikhalo zabalingani be-Walmart" ngamaleveli ahlukene ezikhulu ze-Walmart, kusukela kuSihlalo osewathatha umhlalaphansi Webhodi Labaqondisi be-Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., u-Rob Walton, ingane endala kunabo bonke. USam noHelen Walton, kumalungu eBhodi Labaqondisi, bese kuba kubaphathi abakhulu, amalungu e-Organisation United for Respect at Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU) kanye nabalingani babo abathi baye bafinyelela kaningi ukuxhumana nomuntu ngamunye nangamaqoqo ukuze babalalele. ekukhathazekeni kwabo (Bheka Ukwenza Ushintsho e-Walmart, Iphesenti Loku-1 le-Walmart: Umlando wokufinyelela okwenziwa ngabalingani be-Walmart kanye nabalingani ku-Walmart, kutholwe ku-http://walmart1percent.org/). Omunye wemibuzo lolu cwaningo olufuna ukuyiphenya kwaba ukuthi: ingabe ububi bokugwema izinhloso zokuhlangana eziveziwe zabahlanganyeli be-Walmart zidlula izinzuzo zayo? Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kwembule iziphakamiso ezimbili ezibalulekile. Eyodwa ukuthi ukugwema ukukhathazeka kwabalingani kungqubuzana nesiko lenhlangano le-Walmart. Okunye ukuthi ngokugwema izidingo zabo eziveziwe, izintshisekelo zabo kanye nezinhloso zabo, abahlanganyeli be-Walmart banomuzwa wokuthi ubuholi nabaphathi abanandaba nenhlalakahle yabo, futhi abawazisi amagalelo abo enhlanganweni, nawo abeka "inkundla yesikhathi esizayo." ukuqhuma noma ukuhlehla” (uHocker noWilmot, 2014, p. 152) okwethule ukungqubuzana kubaphathi - ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana.
Ukubusa / Ukuncintisana noma Ukulawula:
Esinye isitayela esivele ocwaningweni lwengxabano ye-Walmart-Associates yisu lokubusa, ukuncintisana nokulawula. Njengoba ukugwema ukukhathazeka kwabahlanganyeli akuqedi nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuba khona kwezinkinga eziwumsuka wokungqubuzana, kwavezwa ocwaningweni ukuthi abahlanganyeli abaningi banquma ukuhlangana, bahlanganise kabusha, bakhe izinhlangano zasesitolo, futhi bathole ukwesekwa kanye nomfutho ovela ngaphandle. amaqembu/izinyunyana ezinentshisekelo, kuyilapho zisebenzisa imithetho/izinqubomgomo eziphakeme ezakhelwe ukuvikela amalungelo abasebenzi kanye nokusebenzisa wonke amathuba nezindlela zokufakazela izimangalo zabo nezinto ezibakhathazayo. Lesi sinyathelo sokuncintisana sabahlanganyeli be-Walmart siqinisekisa ukuqagela okuyisisekelo okungaphansi komqondo wesitayela esibusayo sokuxhumana. Ngokuka-Hocker no-Wilmot (2014): “isitayela esibusayo, sokuncintisana, noma 'samandla phezu' sibonakala ngokuziphatha okunolaka nokungabambisani - ukuphishekela okukukhathazayo ngokukhokhela omunye. Abantu abanezitayela ezibusayo bazama ukuthola amandla ngokubhekana ngqo, ngokuzama 'ukuwina' impikiswano ngaphandle kokulungisa imigomo nezifiso zabanye. […] Ukungqubuzana kubhekwa njengenkundla yempi, lapho ukunqoba kuwumgomo, futhi ukukhathazeka ngomunye akubalulekile noma kungenakubaluleka nhlobo” (ikhasi 156).
Ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwenhlangano yesambulela yabahlanganyeli be-Walmart, i-Organisation United for Respect at Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU), yembula ukuthi ekungqubuzaneni kwabo ne-Walmart, i-Walmart yethu igxile kakhulu, futhi igxile ezidingweni zayo ngenkathi izama ukunqoba impi. ngokusebenzisa amasu namaqhinga ahlukahlukene aqhudelanayo. Lawa maqhinga ahlanganisa kodwa angagcini nje kulokhu: “ukufaka amacala angathi shu, ukushicilela izifundo ezigxilile, ukunikeza abaqashi izincwadi zokuthi bafunani, ukubamba imibhikisho enomsindo nephazamisayo ezitolo nasemgwaqweni, ukuhlasela mathupha amalungu ebhodi nabaphathi kanye nokubeka izinsolo eziyinde kwabezindaba” ( Bheka I-Worker Center Watch, Amaqhinga Ethu e-Walmart, Atholwe kusukela http://workercenterwatch.com). Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zindlela zokuxhumana ziyingxenye yesu elihlanganisayo, lomkhankaso womhlaba wonke elihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kokungalaleli komphakathi (Eidelson, 2013; Carpenter, 2013), ukuhlela kanye neziteleka (Carpenter, 2013; Resnikoff 2014; Jaffe 2015; Bode) 2014), inkundla yezokuxhumana, amawebhusayithi azinikele, nezinye izinkundla ze-inthanethi, eziklanyelwe ukuncenga esidlangalaleni noma ukuphoqa i-Walmart ukuthi ivumelane nezimfuno zabasebenzisana nabo.
Idatha yocwaningo iveze ukuthi esikhundleni sokuthobela izimfuno ze-Walmart Yethu futhi yethuswe imikhankaso yayo yomphakathi namanye amaqhinga, i-Walmart isebenzise izitayela ezahlukene ukuxhumana, ukuncenga, nokuphoqa ozakwabo ukuthi bangahlanganyeli. Isiyaluyalu senkululeko yokuhlangana noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana nokubamba iqhaza ezitelekeni Zethu eziholwa yi-Walmart kuvame ukuhlangatshezwana nesijeziso esivela kubaphathi be-Walmart ngendlela yokusabisa, noma ngokoqobo, ukuvalwa kwezitolo, ukudilizwa, ukuncishiswa kwamahora okusebenza noma ukulahlekelwa izinzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, “lapho umnyango wenyama esitolo se-Walmart eTexas uba ukuphela komsebenzi womthengisi e-United States wokuhlanganisa abantu, emuva ngo-2000, i-Walmart yamemezela izinhlelo emasontweni amabili kamuva okusebenzisa inyama esele yapakishwa futhi kuqedwe abadayisi kuleso sitolo nezinye ezingu-179” (Greenhouse, 2015, para. 1). Ngokufanayo, kukholakala ukuthi ukuvalwa kwesitolo se-Walmart eJonquiere, eQuebec ngo-2004 ngemuva nje kokuba abahlanganyeli besitolo sebehlanganiswe, futhi umnyakazo ngo-Ephreli 2015 wokuvala isitolo ePico Rivera, eCalifornia, kanye nezinye izitolo ezine, kuyingxenye. wesu elinolaka elibanzi lokulwa ne-ajenda yokubumbana yabahlanganyeli be-Walmart (Greenhouse, 2015; Masunaga, 2015).
Futhi, isikhalazo esisemthethweni seBhodi Likazwelonke Lezobudlelwano Kwabasebenzi, Ihhovisi Lomeluleki Jikelele, ngokumelene ne-Walmart ngoJanuwari 15, 2014 siqinisekisa isitayela esibusayo nesilawulayo sokungqubuzana esisetshenziswa yi-Walmart ukuvimbela ozakwabo ukuthi bakhe noma bajoyine inyunyana. “Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwezindaba ezimbili zikamabonakude kuzwelonke nasezitatimendeni eziya kubasebenzi basezitolo zase-Walmart eCalifornia naseTexas, i-Walmart yasongela abasebenzi ngokungemthetho ngokuthi bazoziphindiselela uma bengena ezitelekeni nemibhikisho. Ezitolo eCalifornia, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas naseWashington, i-Walmart yasongela ngokungekho emthethweni, yaqondisa izigwegwe, futhi/noma yaxosha abasebenzi ngenxa yokuzibandakanya ezitelekeni ezivikelwe ngokusemthethweni kanye nemibhikisho. . Ezitolo e-California, eFlorida, nase-Texas, i-Walmart yasongela ngokungekho emthethweni, yagada, yaqondisa izigwegwe, kanye/noma yaxosha abasebenzi ngokulindelekile noma ngokusabela kweminye imisebenzi evikelwe yabasebenzi evikelekile” (NLRB, Ihhovisi Lezindaba Zomphakathi, 2015).
Ngaphezu kwesinyathelo sayo esinolaka ngokumelene nanoma yimiphi imizamo yokuhlanganisa ozakwabo, i-Walmart yagunyaza Ithimba layo Lezobudlelwano Kwabasebenzi ukuthi lenze “Ibhokisi Lamathuluzi Lomphathi Ukuze Lihlale I-Union Free,” ikhithi yokuqeqesha ephikisana kakhulu futhi egxeka ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana ngenkathi inikeza ubufakazi nezizathu ezigculisayo. kungani abaphathi kufanele benqabe ku-Walmart Yethu futhi bakhuthaze abanye ababambisene nabo ukuthi banqabe umbono wokubumbana. Bonke abaphathi kudingeka bathole lolu qeqesho olubanika amandla okuba “umugqa wokuqala wokuzivikela we-Walmart ngokumelene nokuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana” futhi kubanikeze amakhono okuba “bahlale beyiqaphele imizamo yenyunyana yokuhlela ababambisene nabo” kanye nokuba bahlale beqaphile. kunoma yiziphi izimpawu abazihlanganisa nabo banentshisekelo kwinyunyana” (Ithimba Lezobudlelwano Kwabasebenzi be-Walmart, 1997). Lapho kunezimpawu zemisebenzi yezinyunyana ehlelwa yi-Our Walmart nanoma iyiphi enye inyunyana, abaphathi kwakudingeka ukuthi babike ngokushesha lezo zimpawu nemisebenzi Engosini Yezingcingo Yezobudlelwane Bezabasebenzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi Inombolo Yocingo Yenyunyana (Ithimba Le-Walmart Labour Relations, 2014; Human Rights Watch , 2007). Ngokufanayo, abaqashi abasha kusukela ngo-2009 banikezwa i-orientation yokubafaka esikweni eliphikisana nokuhlanganiswa kanye nemibono ye-Walmart (Greenhouse, 2015), ngaleyo ndlela kubavimbele ekulandeleni imigomo enjalo ezobashiya nemiphumela edabukisayo. Ngakho-ke, abahlanganyeli abasha baqala umsebenzi wabo benemizwa yokwesaba ukuziphindiselela, uma bengazihlanganisa nezinto ezisekela ubunye.
Ngemva kokucabangisisa ngezitayela ezibusayo ze-Walmart kanye ne-Organisation United for Respect e-Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU), kwavela umbuzo owodwa obalulekile: yiziphi izinzuzo kanye nobubi balawa maqhinga? Ingabe lezi zindlela zokuxhumana zibasize kahle? Ucwaningo olutholwe ngalesi sitayela luhambisana nokuqagela kwethiyori kaHocker noWilmot (2014) ngesitayela sokukhuluma esibusayo esithi “kuyasiza uma inhloso yangaphandle ibaluleke kakhulu kunobudlelwano nomunye umuntu, njengasebudlelwaneni besikhashana, obungaphindi” (ikhasi 157). Kodwa i-Walmart iboshelwe ebuhlotsheni besikhathi eside nabangane bayo, ngakho-ke, “izingxabano eziqhutshwa ngokuncintisana zingakhuthaza iqembu elilodwa ukuthi lingene ngomshoshaphansi futhi lisebenzise izindlela ezicashile ukuze elinye likhokhe. Ukubusa kuvame ukwehlisa konke ukungqubuzana kube yizinto ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo – 'kuphakathi kokuthi uphikisana nami noma nami,' okubeka umkhawulo izindima zomuntu ekubeni 'ukuwina' noma 'ukulahlekelwa'” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 157). Ngokudabukisayo, lokhu kuyiqiniso ngobudlelwano obunobutha obukhona phakathi kwe-Walmart namalungu e-Organisation United for Respect at Walmart (I-Walmart YETHU).
Ukuhlala noma Ukuzibophezela:
Esinye isitayela sokuxhumana esibalulekile esisetshenziswa kungxabano ye-Walmart-Associates siyavumelana noma siyabophezela. OkaKatz et al. (2011), ukwamukela kusho “ukuvuma, ukushweleza, nokugwema ukungqubuzana” (ikhasi 83) noma ukulondoloza ubudlelwano noma ngenxa yokwesaba imiphumela noma umthelela wokulahlekelwa engxabanweni uzoba nawo kumhlali. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yethu yocwaningo kuveza ukuthi abahlanganyeli be-Walmart abaningi bancamela ukuthobela imithetho ka-Walmart emelene nenyunyana ukuze bajoyine futhi babambe iqhaza emisebenzini ye-pro-unionization ye-OUR Walmart, hhayi ngenxa yokwakhiwa kobudlelwane, kodwa ngenxa yokwesaba ukulahlekelwa imisebenzi yabo, okuthi, Yebo, kuzoba nomthelela omubi kubo nasemindenini yabo. Abantu abaningi bakhethe isimo esivumelanayo emlandweni njengoba kubonakala ezinganekwaneni zofuduko lapho amanye ama-Israyeli akhetha ukuthobela imithetho kaFaro futhi abuyele eGibhithe ukuze agweme indlala nokufa ogwadule, futhi njengoba kwakubonakala ngesikhathi sobugqila - ezinye izigqila zazifuna ukusala. ngaphansi kwejoka lamakhosi abo ngenxa yokwesaba okungaziwa -, noma njengoba kusetshenziswa abantu abaningi ebuhlotsheni bansuku zonke, ikakhulukazi emishadweni.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abanye babahlanganyeli babhalisa ngokweqiniso nangokuyimfihlo izintshisekelo eziveziwe ze-Walmart Yethu - ukuthi i-Walmart kufanele ithuthukise inhlalakahle, nenhlonipho, abangane - nokho, bayesaba ukukhuluma ngokukhululekile. Njengoba uHocker noWilmot (2014) beqinisekisa, “umuntu […] angavumela omunye umuntu ukuba […] Lokhu kugomela kuqinisekiswa kwezinye zezitatimende ezenziwa ozakwabo baka-Walmart phakathi nezingxoxo. "Ngilapha ngenxa yezingane zami, ngaphandle kwalokho, ngabe ngiyishiyile iWalmart noma ngijoyine i-Our Walmart ukuze ngilwele amalungelo ethu." “Njengetoho, uma ukhalaza noma uveza imibono yakho ngendlela ophathwa ngayo nokungahlonishwa ngayo, amahora akho azoncishiswa, bese kuba nguwena olandela ukuxoshwa. Ngakho-ke, ngincamela ukuthula ukuze ngigcine umsebenzi wami.” Ukuyekelela noma ukuvuma emithethweni emelene nenyunyana ye-Walmart kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile kubahlanganyeli abaningi. U-Barbara Gertz, umthengisi we-Walmart ebusuku e-Denver, ubikwa nguGreenhouse (163) ukuthi: "Abantu bayesaba ukuvotela inyunyana ngoba besaba ukuthi isitolo sabo sizovalwa" (Isigaba 2015).
Ngalesi sitayela sokuxhumana, bekubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi indawo yokuhlala ingaba yinzuzo kangakanani kungxabano ye-Walmart-Associates. Okutholakele ocwaningweni kuveza ukuthi indlela yokwamukela yokuxhumana noma ukuzibophezela kwasetshenziswa “ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 163). Kwabahlanganyeli-abahlala, ukuhoxa kuwububi obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa nokujoyina i-Our Walmart okungaholela ekunqanyulweni komsebenzi. Nakuba i-Walmart ingase yaneliseke esikhathini esifushane lapho laba bahlanganyeli belalela, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kube khona uhlobo oluthile lokucasuka kanye nomdlandla ophansi ngomsebenzi wabo okungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwabo okuphelele komsebenzi.
Ukuyekethisa:
Ucwaningo lwethu luphinde lwembule ukuthi ngaphezu kwezindlela zokugwema kanye nezibusayo zokuxhumana kanye nokungqubuzana ezisetshenziswa yi-Walmart, le nhlangano yenze izinqumo zokuhlehla ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabalingani bayo, ukusindisa ubuso, nokwakha kabusha ukuzethemba nesithunzi emphakathini. iso. Lezi zenzo ezilimazayo zihlanganisa:
- ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zayo zokuhlela ngokunikeza abanye abasebenzi amashejuli amisiwe isonto ngalinye—abasebenzi abaningi bakhale ngokuthi izinhlelo zabo zomsebenzi zishintsha kakhulu isonto nesonto (Greenhouse, 2015);
- ukuvuma ukukhulisa iholo layo eliyisisekelo ku-$ 9 ku-2015 kanye ne-$ 10 ku-2016 - ukunyakaza okungasho ukukhushulwa kwabasebenzi abangu-500,000 (Greenhouse,, 2015);
- ukuthuthukisa yayo Inqubomgomo Yomnyango Ovulekile ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi “… noma imuphi umuntu osebenzisana naye, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kunoma yiliphi izinga, kunoma iyiphi indawo, angaxhumana ngomlomo noma ngokubhala nanoma yiliphi ilungu labaphathi kuze kufike kumongameli, ngokuqiniseka, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela…” (Ithimba Le-Walmart Labour Relations , 1997, ikhasi 5);
- ukuqalisa isiteshi sokuxhumana esibandakanyayo nesithembekayo kubo bobabili abaphathi nabahlanganyeli ngokuklama kabusha i-intranethi kanye nokwethula i-walmartone.com ngoSepthemba 2012 (Kass, 2012);
- ukukhokha izigidi zezinxephezelo ngezinsolo zobandlululo, ukunqanyulwa okungekho emthethweni kwamanye amalungu e-Walmart Yethu, nokunye ukwephulwa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi njengokuphulwa komthetho wamaholo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okwanele, ukuxhashazwa kwabasebenzi, kanye nesimo somdayisi esimelene nenyunyana (Ukulunga Kwendawo Yomsebenzi, 2016; Riper, 2005);
- ukuthatha izinyathelo eziningi zokwandisa ukuhlukahluka kwabasebenzi enhlanganweni;
- ukusungula Ihhovisi Le-Global Ethics e-Bentonville, e-Arkansas, elakha futhi lifundise kokubili abaphathi nabahlanganyeli mayelana nekhodi yokuziphatha okuhle ye-Walmart, futhi lihlinzeka ngohlelo oluyimfihlo / inqubo yabahlanganyeli ukubika lokho “abanomuzwa wokuthi kungase kube ukwephulwa kokuziphatha okuhle, inqubomgomo noma umthetho” (Global Ethics Office, www.walmartethics.com.
Ngokuphathelene nezenzo zokuyekethisa ezivela ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-isle, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Walmart Yethu kanye nozakwethu, i-United Food and Commercial Workers, baye bayeka amanye amasu ayo anonya futhi abhubhisayo, ngokwengxenye njengophawu lokuhweba. -ukukhokhelwa kokuthile okuyimbuyiselo ngasohlangothini lwe-Walmart, futhi ikakhulukazi ukuze kuhambisane nemiyalelo yenkantolo (Bheka isithasiselo ukuze uthole imiyalo yenkantolo). Ukuvumelana okubaluleke kakhulu nokubalulekile okufanele kugqanyiswe kulo mbiko wokugcina wocwaningo yisinqumo esisheshayo esenziwe yi-Our Walmart sokuyeka ukuxoxisana “ngezinkontileka egameni labasebenzi base-Walmart, kodwa esikhundleni salokho bagxile ekusizeni “amalungu azuze emithethweni yezabasebenzi evikelayo. abasebenzi ekuziphindiseleni ngokuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni ezihlangene kanye nokwenza okuthile” (Steven Greenhouse, 2011). Ukuzibophezela kokungenzi njengenyunyana esemthethweni emele abahlanganyeli be-Walmart kubonakala esitatimendeni esisemthethweni i-Walmart Yethu esithumele kuwebhusayithi yayo kanye namakhasi enkundla yezokuxhumana: “I-UFCW kanye ne-OUR Walmart banenjongo yokusiza abasebenzi be-Walmart njengabantu ngabanye noma amaqembu ekusebenzelaneni kwabo nabo. I-Walmart phezu kwamalungelo abasebenzi namazinga kanye nemizamo yabo yokuthi i-Walmart izibophezele esidlangalaleni ukuthobela amalungelo nezindinganiso zabasebenzi. I-UFCW kanye ne-Walmart YETHU ayinazo inhloso yokuthi i-Walmart ibone noma ixoxisane ne-UFCW noma i-Walmart YETHU njengommeleli wabasebenzi bayo” (I-Walmart Yethu, Umshwana Wokuzikhipha Emthwalweni Wezomthetho: http://forrespect.org/). Njengeqoqo eliphelele lezinqumo zokuhwebelana, i-Walmart yethu ivumile ukuyeka le misebenzi elandelayo:
- “ukungena noma ngaphakathi kwendawo yangasese ye-Walmart ukuze wenze izinto ezinjengokuqopha, ukuzulazula, ukubukisa, imibukiso, 'izixuku ezikhanyayo,' ukukhokha, ukucela, kanye nokungqubuzana kwabaphathi; noma
- ukungena noma ngaphakathi kwendawo yangasese ye-Walmart ngaphandle kwemvume noma ukugunyazwa okuvela kwa-Walmart nganoma iyiphi injongo ngaphandle kokuthenga kanye/noma ukuthenga okuthengiswayo kwe-Walmart” (Ukubuka Kwesikhungo Sabasebenzi: Ukusungulwa, Kutholwe http://workercenterwatch.com; Inkantolo yaseBenton County, Arkansas Civil Division, 2013).
Ukuthinta okuhlukile okwenziwa i-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart yethu nabalingani bayo kuyisici sesitayela esifaka engcupheni sokuxhumana noma ukungqubuzana. Ngokwenza ukuyekethisa okubalulwe ngenhla, bobabili i-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart yethu "bathatha ukuthi isixazululo sokuwina / sokuwina asinakwenzeka futhi bathathe isimo sokuxoxisana esibandakanya ukuwina kancane kanye nokulahlekelwa kancane ngokuhlonipha kokubili imigomo kanye nobudlelwane. kwamaqembu ahililekile, ngokuncenga nokukhohlisa okubusa isitayela” (Katz et al., 2011, p. 83). Ngemva kokucabangisisa ngalesi sitayela sokungqubuzana esiyekethisayo, bekubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi lesi sitayela sizuzisa kakhulu yini izinhlangothi ezimbili eziyinhloko ezihilelekile kule ngxabano kunanoma yisiphi esinye isitayela sokungqubuzana, isibonelo, isitayela sokuhlanganisa noma sokusebenzisana. Ukutholwa kocwaningo kwembule ukuthi ukuyekethisa okungenhla kwasebenza kuphela 'ukuqinisa amandla ebhalansi ... asetshenziselwa ukufeza ukulungiswa kwesikhashana noma okufanelekile ezimeni ezicindezelwe isikhathi” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, pp. 162) kusukela kwamanye amaqhinga - ukugwema, ukubusa, kanye nendawo yokuhlala – yehlulekile ukumisa ukungqubuzana.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukuyekethisa kungabonakala njengophawu lokulahlekelwa, futhi kunikezwe ukuthi i-Walmart Yethu ngeke ifune ukuyeka kalula kulokho abakubiza ngokuthi. umzabalazo wamalungelo abantu, ukungqubuzana manje kungachazwa njengokuhamba kancane kancane kuya endaweni ephakeme kakhulu esitebhisini sayo sokukhuphuka. Futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kubonakala sengathi abathintekayo babambelele kulezi zitayela zokungqubuzana noma baye "baqandiswe isitayela sokungqubuzana kunokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwesitayela" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, pp. 184-185). Omunye umbuzo ovele ezingxoxweni nasocwaningweni lwemibhalo egciniwe uthi: kungani izinhlangothi zenza into efanayo kaningi selokhu kwavela lokhu kungqubuzana? Kungani beqina ekubambeni izikhundla zabo ngaphandle kophawu lokuvumelana nezimo? Kungani i-Walmart ingazimisele ukuyeka impi yayo yokulwa nenyunyana? Futhi kungani i-Walmart yethu ingazimisele ukuyeka umkhankaso wayo onolaka futhi ilwe ne-Walmart? Imiphumela yocwaningo iveze ukuthi impendulo engcono kakhulu kule mibuzo ilele ekwehlukeni kwemibono yamandla, amalungelo nezithakazelo (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 108 – p. 110). Kwatholakala ukuthi ukugxilwa kwalokhu kungqubuzana sekugudlukile ezithakazelweni kuya emalungelweni bese kuba namandla; kanye nesimo esikhulayo sokungqubuzana kwe-Walmart-Our Walmart kuqinisekisa ukuthi "ukugcizelela ngokweqile amandla kuwuphawu lwesistimu ecindezelekile" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 110).
Ukuhlanganisa noma Ukubambisana:
Yini-ke okufanele yenziwe ukuhlehlisa Isondo yalokhu kudlondlobala kwezingxabano? Abantu abaningi bangashesha ukuphikisa ukuthi ukubuyisela amalungelo abasebenzi abahlanganyeli be-Walmart ngohlelo lwezomthetho olusemthethweni kuyadingeka ukuze kuxazululwe ingxabano. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yalolu cwaningo, ngikholwa ukuthi izinqubo ezisekelwe kumalungelo zokuxazulula izingxabano ziyadingeka njengoba ukungqubuzana kuhilela izindaba ezisekelwe kumalungelo njengokucwaswa ngokobulili, ukwephulwa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi, nezinye izindaba zomthetho ezihlobene. Nokho, ngenxa yobudlelwano besikhathi eside obuvame ukuba khona phakathi kwabaqashi nabasebenzi babo, izinqubo ezisekelwe kumalungelo azanele ukuxazulula izinkinga eziwumsuka kungxabano ye-Walmart-Associates. Ngalesi sizathu, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kulolu cwaningo kususwe ukugcizelela ezinqubweni ezisekelwe emandleni namalungelo kuye ezinqubweni ezisekelwe ezithakazelweni zokuxazulula izingxabano. Njengoba uHocker noWilmot (2014) besho, “uma sixazulula ingxabano ngokusekelwe kulokho okuthakaselwayo, imigomo nezifiso zezinhlangothi yizici ezibalulekile … amalungelo namandla adlala izindima ezincane kodwa ezisabalulekile” (ikhasi 109).
Kodwa, ingabe isitayela sokuxhumana esisekelwe kokuthakaselayo sisetshenziswe yinoma yibaphi abathintekayo kulokhu kungqubuzana? Idatha eqoqwe ngezingxoxiswano, izifundo ezigciniwe kanye nezinye izindlela zocwaningo ezakha isisekelo lapho lo mbiko wokugcina usekelwe khona iveze ukuthi i-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart Yethu ayikaguqukeli kusitayela sokuxhumana esihlanganisayo noma sokuhlanganyela. I-Walmart kanye ne-Our Walmart kanye nabalingani bayo abakamukeli “isimo sokuwina/sokuphumelela” esiqinisekisa ukuthi “zombili izinhlangothi ezingqubuzanayo zifeza izinhloso zazo [futhi zenze] hhayi egameni lika zabo ukuzizuzela wena kodwa egameni lezintshisekelo zeqembu eliphikisayo futhi” (Katz et al., 2011, p. 83). Noma lolu cwaningo luyivuma imizamo eshiwo i-Walmart ngokudala ihhovisi le-Global Ethics, uhlelo oluhloselwe ukuhlinzeka ngenqubo yokubika eyimfihlo nengaziwa kanye nokusiza abahlanganyeli ukuthi baveze ukukhathazeka futhi bakhulume mayelana nokwephulwa okucatshangwayo noma kwangempela kokuziphatha nezinqubomgomo. (I-Global Ethics Office, www.walmartethics.com); futhi nakuba okutholiwe kocwaningo kusikhumbuza isimo se-Walmart sokuyekethisa ekuqiniseni ukuqina kwayo Vula umnyango inqubomgomo, uhlelo kanye nenqubo ekhuthaza isimo sokusebenza esikhuthaza umuntu ngamunye osebenzisana naye ukuthi aveze imicabango nemizwa yakhe kubaphathi ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela (Ithimba Le-Walmart Labour Relations, 1997). Kungumbango walolu cwaningo ukuthi kokubili inqubomgomo ye-Global Ethics kanye ne-Open Door akubonakali ekubhaleni ngokubambisana kwesixazululo esibhekana nezinkinga eziyisisekelo nokukhathazeka kungxabano ye-Walmart - Associates.
Kulo lonke lolu cwaningo, kwakungekho ulwazi olutholakalayo mayelana nesikhathi lapho i-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart Yethu babhala ngokubambisana isisombululo ngokusebenzisa "ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifanayo" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 165). Ngakho-ke, inqubo noma uhlelo lapho i-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart Yethu nabalingani bayo bengabhala ngokubambisana isisombululo sokungqubuzana kwabo - isisombululo esihlanganyelwe esizohlangabezana nezidingo eziyinhloko nezidingo zazo zombili izinhlangothi - kufanele kube ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko kwanoma yikuphi ukuthula/ ukungenelela kwezingxabano kule nhlangano, futhi kufanele kube nelungelo futhi kwamukelwe ubuholi nabaphathi be-Walmart.
Isakhiwo senhlangano
Ukuze inhlangano isebenze, kufanele ibe nesakhiwo senhlangano. Inhlangano kufanele yakhiwe ngendlela ezosiza ukufeza izidingo nezinhloso eyakhiwe ngayo. Kunjalo nangesakhiwo senhlangano se-Walmart. Ngenhloso ye ukonga abantu imali ukuze baphile kangcono, Isakhiwo senhlangano ye-Walmart singachazwa njengokubili kokulandelana kwezikhundla kanye nokusebenza (Jessica Lombardo, 2015).
Isakhiwo senhlangano sakwa-Walmart sifana nephiramidi lapho umsebenzi ngamunye enomphathi oqokiwe, ngaphandle kukaMongameli kanye ne-CEO ye-Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., isikhundla esasiphethwe u-Doug McMillon ngesikhathi salolu cwaningo. UMongameli kanye no-CEO, nokho, bathola isiqondiso nokusekelwa eBhodini Labaqondisi. Imiphumela yocwaningo iveze ubukhona be imigqa eqondile yomyalelo negunya (UJessica Lombardo, 2015) ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo senhlangano se-Walmart esivumela iphethini yokuxhumana ephezulu phansi. “Iziqondiso neziyalezo ezivela emazingeni aphezulu okuphatha kwe-Walmart zenziwa ngokusebenzisa abaphathi abaphakathi kuze kufike kubasebenzi abasezingeni nefayela ezitolo ze-Walmart” (Jessica Lombardo, 2015, para. 3). Lokhu kusho ukuthi abalingani be-Walmart basendaweni yokwamukela, basendaweni amandla aphansi umugqa wethonya. Iyini incazelo yale modeli yesakhiwo ye-Walmart? Kusho ukuthi “uma abantu abanamandla aphansi behlala bephathwa kanzima noma bengafinyeleli umgomo, bangase bakhiqize ukumelana okuthile okuhleliwe nabantu abanamandla amakhulu” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 165). Lesi sitatimende sidala umzabalazo okhulayo wabalingani bakaWalmart wokuhlanganisa. Ukuhlanganisa, bakholelwa ukuthi, kungaba yindlela yokwandisa nokulinganisa amandla.
(UJacob Morgan, 2015)
Ngaphezu kwesakhiwo sayo sokulandelana, i-Walmart futhi isebenzisa imodeli esebenzayo yesakhiwo senhlangano. Lena indlela esekelwe emakhono ekuphathweni. Njengoba igama elithi ukusebenza libonisa, abasebenzi abanamakhono afanayo bahlanganiswa ndawonye engxenyeni yokusebenza ukuze bafeze imisebenzi yabo ekhethekile futhi babike kubaphathi bamayunithi abo ababika kubaphathi babo esigabeni sesigaba. Kungakho i-Walmart iqoke izikhundla zikaMongameli kanye ne-CEO esigabeni ngasinye kwezine zebhizinisi layo: i-Walmart US, i-Walmart International, i-Sam's Club, ne-Global eCommerce. UMongameli ngamunye kanye nama-CEO alezi zigaba zebhizinisi unomthwalo wemfanelo ngamayunithi nezifunda zawo ezisebenzayo, futhi babika ku-Doug McMillon owayenguMongameli kanye ne-CEO, i-WalMart Stores, Inc. ngesikhathi salolu cwaningo futhi umsebenzi wakhe wawuqondiswa. ngezinqumo zeBhodi labaqondisi, ngemibono evela kubaninimasheya.
(Perez-Montesa, 2012)
Ngokwalokhu kubuka, kuba lula ukuqonda ukuthi izinqubomgomo ezintsha, amasu kanye neziqondiso ezivela endlunkulu zingadluliselwa kanjani kubaphathi emazingeni ahlukahlukene ukuze zisetshenziswe ngomsebenzi wabalingani behora emgudwini wamandla ophansi aphansi kakhulu. Umbuzo lolu cwaningo obelufuna ukuwuphendula bekuwukuthi: abazihlanganisa kanjani neWalmart ebudlelwaneni babo nabaphathi babo? Uyini umbono wabo wamandla ngokujwayelekile e-Walmart? Ingabe izimo zabo zengqondo, imizwa, imizwa, ukuziphatha kanye nokusebenzisana nabaphathi babo kuncike ekuqondeni amandla njenge okhethiwe - amandla anikezwe isikhundla somuntu emsebenzini, isibonelo, umphathi noma umuntu asebenza naye njalo ngehora -; noma ukusabalalisa - okungukuthi, amandla njengokubusa -; noma okuhlanganisayo - "umbono wobudlelwane wamandla" ogxile esimisweni esithi "kokubili/kanye" esivuma ukubaluleka komuntu ngamunye ebudlelwaneni, futhi ngamunye unokuthile angakunikeza (bheka u-Hocker no-Wilmot, 2014, p. 105)?
Nakuba isiko lenhlangano likaWalmart ligcizelela ukubaluleka kwe- okuhlanganisayo ukusondela ebudlelwaneni bamandla, idatha eqoqwe ezifundweni ezigcina umlando, izingxoxo nolunye ucwaningo lokubheka lwembula ukuthi abalingani be-Walmart bathambekele ekuboneni ubudlelwano babo bamandla nabaphathi hhayi njengoba okuhlanganisayo, kodwa njengoba ukusabalalisa – okuwukuhlukumeza okhethiwe amandla. Cishe bonke abantu okwaxoxwa nabo banomuzwa wokuthi abaphathi babo bayababusa, okungahunyushwa njengokukhohlisa okuphoqelelwe “endimeni yamandla aphansi (Siefkes, 2010, njengoba kushiwo kuHocker noWilmot, 2014, p. 105).
Njengoba abantu abanamandla aphansi ngaphakathi kwenhlangano bengakwazi ukufeza izinhloso zabo ngaphandle kohlobo oluthile lokusekelwa, isiphakamiso sokuhlanganisa abahlanganyeli sibonakala siyindlela ehlukile yeningi labahlanganyeli be-Walmart, yingakho umsuka wobumbano noma wokwakha umfelandawonye phakathi kwe-Walmart Yethu kanye nenhlangano yayo. abalandeli.
Imifelandawonye Esafufusa noma Imifelandawonye
Okungenani kunezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zokuqonda imifelandawonye ehlukahlukene evele kungxabano ye-Walmart-Associates. Esokuqala ukufunda, ukuhlonza, nokubhala imifelandawonye yamanje esekela iqembu ngalinye kule ngxabano. Okwesibili ukuhlola lokhu kusebenzisana ngombono womlando ngenhloso yokuqonda ukuthi la madlelandawonye athuthuke kanjani kulokho okwakuwumlando. i-dyadic ukungqubuzana - ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-Walmart nabalingani bayo - kuze kube sekwakhekeni "konxantathu wokungqubuzana" (Hocker kanye noWilmot, 2014, p. 229) lapho i-United Food and Commercial Workers ingenelela ukuze kuthiwa isekela abahlanganyeli emizamweni yabo yokuhlanganisa izinyunyana, futhi emva kwalokho ekuthuthukisweni kwemifelandawonye enezingqimba eziningi nhlangothi zombili ze-isle. Nakuba indlela yokuqala ifanele isethulo se-PowerPoint, indlela yesibili yinhle kakhulu ocwaningweni lwe-dissertation. Lolu cwaningo, nokho, lufuna ukuthatha indlela emaphakathi ngokuveza imifelandawonye emikhulu ehilelekile kule ngxabano futhi ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakele kuchaza kafushane ukuthi lezi zimbiwa zathuthukiswa kanjani.
| Izingxabano Dyad Amaqembu | I-Walmart Associates | i-walmart |
|---|---|---|
| Amalungu Onxantathu Ongqubuzanayo | I-Pro-Unionization Associates Representatives, nabanye abasekeli be-Associates abanentshisekelo | I-Walmart kanye nabasekeli abathile be-Associates |
| Umfelandawonye / Umfelandawonye | Inhlangano i-United for Respect e-Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU, inhlangano ye-Walmart Associates, ka-Walmart Associates, ye-Walmart Associates.) | i-walmart |
| Umsekeli Womanyano Oyisisekelo | I-United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) ngomkhankaso wayo, 'Making Change at Walmart' | i-walmart |
| Abasekeli beSecondary Coalition | Inyunyana Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yabasebenzi Benkonzo (SEIU); Izinhlangano Zamalungelo Abantu; Izinhlangano Zomphakathi kanye Nomphakathi; kanye namaQembu Ezenkolo, njll. Ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele, bheka isithasiselo. | Ukuqapha Kwesikhungo Sabasebenzi; Ezinye izikhulu ezikhethiwe; kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezinenzuzo kanye nabantu ngabanye. |
Umfelandawonye osohlwini lwethebula elingenhla uthuthukiswe kusukela kulokho okwakuyindida ekuqaleni - ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-Walmart nabanye ababambisene nayo, ikakhulukazi labo okwathi ngenxa yokubonakala kungalungile, ukuphathwa kabi, ukungahloniphi, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla ngabaphathi, kanye nokwephulwa kwemithetho yezemisebenzi namalungelo abantu okuhlobene, banquma ukuhlangana ukuze balinganise amandla futhi bahlangabezane nemigomo yabo. Njengoba lokhu kungqubuzana kwakuqhubeka, futhi kunikezwe amandla okuguquguquka okuhilelekile ezindleleni zokuxhumana kanye nesakhiwo senhlangano ngaphakathi kwe-Walmart, abanye abahlanganyeli behora babebhekene nesinqumo sokulwela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi wabo futhi babhekane nezinye izijeziso. Lesi simo esibusayo, sokugunyaza ngasohlangothini lwabaphathi be-Walmart kanye nokuntuleka kwenkululeko yokukhuluma okuhambisana nesakhiwo senhlangano ye-Walmart yabangela ukuthi abanye abahlanganyeli bathule ngomzabalazo wokubumbana.
Lokhu kuguquguquka kuholele ekuveleni kukanxantathu wokungqubuzana - umfelandawonye wokuqala wabahlanganyeli be-Walmart phakathi nezitolo zonkana ze-Walmart. Umfelandawonye obanzi futhi onamandla wasungulwa ngoNovemba 2010 futhi wethulwa ngoJuni 2011, futhi imizabalazo nemikhankaso yangaphambilini yokuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana zabahlanganyeli be-Walmart yaqanjwa kabusha futhi yavuselelwa ngaphansi kwesambulela se-Organisation United for Respect e-Walmart (i-Walmart YETHU). Lokhu “kuphawula ukukhishwa okusemthethweni komphakathi kwe-Our Walmart, okuhambisana nomhlangano waminyaka yonke wabanikazi bamasheya be-Walmart kanye nedlanzana labahlanganyeli be-Walmart abambalwa, ababekade besebenzisana nabo kanye namalungu enyunyana babambe umhlangano ... /workercenterwatch.com). Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi i-Our Walmart ithola uxhaso noxhaso olukhulu oluvela ku-United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW), nakuba amalungu e-Our Walmart ekhokha imali yobulungu engu-$5 njalo ngenyanga.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwendlela, i-Walmart iphinde yaheha ukwesekwa ngabathintekayo abaningi abanentshisekelo. Ngenxa yesimo esiqinile se-Walmart ngokumelene nezinyunyana, kanye nezinqubomgomo zayo zokuxhumana ezisekela inhlangano kanye neminyango evulekile, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Worker Center Watch - umsebenzi wazo ukuveza izinhloso ezimbi zezinyunyana-, kanye nezikhulu ezithile ezikhethiwe, nabanye abantu abanentshisekelo. , bahlanganyele ukuze basekele futhi bavikele i-Walmart.
Izintshisekelo ezehlukene umsekeli ngamunye womfelandawonye azilethe kungxabano ye-Walmart-Associates zifaka isandla kakhulu ekubeni yinkimbinkimbi kanye nokungalungiseki kokungqubuzana. Ukuklama amasistimu nezinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano ezingeke zicabangele izintshisekelo zalaba ababambiqhaza kuphela, kodwa futhi ezizoguqula ukungqubuzana, izinhlangothi ezithintekayo, nayo yonke inhlangano, kuba yinto okugxilwe kuyo kakhulu esigabeni esilandelayo.
I-Dispute Systems Design
Ukwakha kusukela esigabeni sangaphambilini salolu cwaningo lapho ngihlole khona izitayela ezahlukene zokuxhumana nokungqubuzana - ukugwema, ukubusa (ukuncintisana noma ukulawula), ukubophezela (ukwamukela), ukuyekethisa, nokuhlanganisa (ukubambisana) -, lesi sigaba, ukuklama kwezinhlelo zokuphikisana, kuhloswe ukufeza le misebenzi elandelayo: bona futhi uvume izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokulawula ukungqubuzana nezinqubo noma amasu asetshenziswa e-Walmart; hlola amandla kanye/noma imikhawulo yomkhuba wamanje wokulawula ukungqubuzana; khombisa ukuthi uhlaka lwenhlangano lungaba nomthelela kanjani emizamweni yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana; futhi ekugcineni sincome ukuthi isistimu yengxabano efanelekile nesebenzayo yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa e-Walmart.
Amasistimu Nezinqubo Ezikhona Zokulawula Izingxabano
Ngaphambi kokuthi uhlelo olusha lwezingxabano noma inqubo efanele ukungqubuzana kwe-Walmart-Associates ithuthukiswe noma iklanywe abaxazululi bengxabano, kubalulekile ukukhomba kuqala futhi wamukele "imikhuba yangokwezifiso" ekhona (Rogers, Bordone, Sander, and McEwen, 2013) yokuxazulula izingxabano e-Walmart. Kutholwe abaklami bezinhlelo zokuphikisana ukuthi ukwehluleka "ukucabangela lezi zinqubo [kuzo]beka impumelelo yomklamo engozini" (Rogers et al., 2013, p. 88). Ngalesi sizathu, ngiphakamisa ukuhlola amasistimu nezinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano ezahlukahlukene i-Walmart ne-Walmart Yethu ezizisebenzisile kanye/noma ezizisebenzisayo njengamanje ukuze zilawule ukungqubuzana kwazo. Ezinye zalezi zindlela zigqanyiswe futhi kuxoxwe ngazo kabanzi esigabeni sezokuXhumana neSitayela Sokungqubuzana kulesi sahluko. Umgomo wami kulesi sigatshana uwukuchaza nokufingqa lezi zinhlelo nezinqubo, kuyilapho ngichaza ukuthi zisebenza kanjani, noma ngabe ziyimfihlo, ziyaphoqelelwa, zithenjwa amaqembu, futhi zingase ziholele ekwanelisekeni kokubili.
Idatha eqoqwe ngezingxoxiswano, ucwaningo lwengobo yomlando kanye nocwaningo lokuqaphela lwembula ukuthi izinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano ezibalwe kuthebula elingezansi zisetshenziswe kungxabano ye-Walmart-Associates. Ezinye zazo ziyasebenza njengamanje.
| System | I-Open Door Communications | Ihhovisi Le-Global Ethics Liphakamisa Izinkathazo & Ithuluzi Le-inthanethi Lokukhuluma | Arbitration | Ukwahlulela |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inqubo | Inqubo yangaphakathi etholakala ezitolo ze-Walmart nakuwo wonke amahhovisi, "Inqubo ye-Open Door Communications iyindlela eqondile yokuzwakalisa noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka kumphathi" kunoma yisiphi isitolo se-Walmart. | Inqubo yangaphakathi e-Walmart ehloselwe “ukuqwashisa ngezinqubomgomo zezimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemigudu kubabambiqhaza ukuze balethe ukukhathazeka kokuziphatha ku-Walmart. Ihlinzeka ngohlelo lokubika oluyimfihlo nolungaziwa” (Ihhovisi Le-Walmart Global Ethics, litholwe ku-www.walmartethics.com) | Umngeneleli ovela eceleni. "Inqubo yokuxazulula izingxabano ebandakanya usizo lweqembu lesithathu ukuze lithathele abaphikisanayo izinqumo mayelana nokuthi ukungqubuzana kuzoxazululwa kanjani lapho abathintekayo bengakwazi ukufinyelela esivumelwaneni ngokwabo" (Moore, 2014, p. 10) ). Kule nqubo, i-Walmart kanye ne-Walmart Yethu bahlale besebenzisa izinsiza zeBhodi Likazwelonke Lezobudlelwane Zabasebenzi (NLRB). | Inqubo yangaphandle, esekelwa umbuso, kanye neyomphakathi.Ukwahlulela kuyinqubo yokwahlulela “okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa kwenqubo nenqubo yokuxazulula izingxabano emiswe yisikhungo futhi esekelwe kabanzi, kanye nokungenelela kweziphathimandla ezaziwayo ezinamandla nelungelo lokwenza isinqumo esibophezelayo. ukuxazulula ingxabano” (Moore, 2014, p. 11). |
| Indlela Esebenza | Inqubo iqinisekisa ukuthi “... noma yimuphi umuntu osebenzisana naye, nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kunoma yiliphi izinga, kunoma iyiphi indawo, angaxhumana ngomlomo noma ngokubhala nanoma yiliphi ilungu labaphathi kuze kufike kumongameli, `ngokuzethemba, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuziphindiselela... ” (Ithimba Le-Walmart Labour Relations, 1997, p. 5).Lapho umphathi ehilelekile enkingeni, abalingani kudingeka baxoxisane ngodaba nezinga elilandelayo labaphathi. | I-Global Ethics ihlinzeka ngohlelo lokubika lwe-inthanethi oluzinikele kanye nenombolo yocingo (1-800-WM-ETHIC; 1-800-963-8442) ukuze abahlanganyeli babike ukukhathazeka kwabo ngokushesha. khetha kulokhu: ukulwa nenkohlakalo, ukungqubuzana kwezithakazelo, ukubandlulula, ubuqotho bezezimali, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa.Abasebenzisana nabo bangabika ukukhathazeka ngesimiso, ukukhathazeka ngokuqeqeshwa abakutholile noma benze isicelo sokudlulisela kwenye indawo.Lokhu kukhathazeka kudluliselwa ku- i-Global Ethics Office ukuze kuphenywe kanye nezinyathelo ezingase zenziwe. | Imiphumela yocwaningo iveze ukuthi ezikhathini eziningi, i-Our Walmart ifake izikhalazo ngokumelene ne-Walmart ku-NLRB. Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zingxabano, i-NLRB izibandakanya ezinqubweni ezine ezibalulekile: 1) uphenyo lwamacala; 2) lula ukuhlaliswa; 3) ukunquma amacala; kanye 4) nokugcinwa kwemithetho. Nakuba i-NLRB ivame ukusebenzisa ukulamula, isebenzisa ukulamula futhi ngezinye izikhathi idlulisela amacala ohlelweni olusemthethweni lwezomthetho, lwezinkantolo. | I-Walmart yethu kanye namalungu ayo bamangalele i-Walmart izikhathi eziningana futhi ezinye zezinqubo zomthetho ziye zaholela ekukhokheni, izinhlawulo noma izinhlawulo ezingokomthetho zenani lezigidi zamaRandi. ngaphakathi kwezitolo ze-Walmart. |
| luyimfihlo | Ngokombono, yebo. | Yebo. | Ukuze kuxoxwe, inqubo iyimfihlo. Kodwa ezinye izinqumo zifinyeleleka emphakathini (Bona i-NLRB, www.nlrb.gov/cases-decisions). | Lezi yizinqubo zomphakathi. |
| Umphumela & Ukuphoqelela | Umphumela uncike esinqumweni somphathi, futhi uhlala uvuna imigomo yabaphathi, futhi uphoqelelwe Abaphathi be-Walmart. | Umphumela uncike ezinqumweni ze-Global Ethics Office, futhi uvuna imigomo ye-Walmart. Umphumela usetshenziswa yi-Walmart. | Umphumela uphoqelelwa yi-NLRB isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene. | Yebo, umphumela uphoqelelwa umbuso. |
| Izinga Lokwaneliseka | Ukwaneliseka okuphansi ohlangothini lwabangane | Ukwaneliseka okuphansi ohlangothini lwabangane. | Izinga eliphezulu lokwaneliseka yi-Walmart Yethu. | Ukwaneliseka okuphansi kwe-Walmart. |
| Izinga Lokuthenjwa Enqubeni | Abahlanganyeli abanalo ithemba ngenqubo. Inqubomgomo ye-Open Door ivumela ozakwethu oyedwa kanye nomphathi oyedwa ngesikhathi. Uzakwethu akavunyelwe ukuphelezelwa omunye ozakwabo phakathi nenqubo ye-Open Door. | Abasebenzisana nabo abanalo ithemba ngenqubo nakuba “Ucingo losizo lunabasebenzi benhlangano engahlangene ne-Walmart. Umsebenzisi uzodlulisela ulwazi ehhovisi le-Global Ethics futhi uzohlinzeka osebenzisana naye ngenombolo yecala kanye nedethi yokuphinda ashayelwe ucingo uma efunwa” (Walmart Global Ethics Office, 2016). | Womabili amaqembu abonakala ethemba i-NLRB. | Kwesinye isikhathi, amaqembu awaluthembi uhlelo lwezomthetho. |
Ukuhlolwa Kwamandla Nemikhawulo Yendlela Ekhona Yokulawula Ukungqubuzana
Nakuba lolu cwaningo luvuma ukubaluleka kwalezo zinhlelo nezinqubo njengeBhodi Likazwelonke Lezobudlelwano Kwabasebenzi (i-NLRB) kanye nenqubo yokwahlulela, lufuna ukugcizelela iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlelo nezinqubo ziphikisana kakhulu ngokwemvelo nasekusebenzeni kwazo, futhi kuhloswe ngazo ukubhekana namalungelo. -kanye nezindaba ezisekelwe emandleni, futhi ungazinaki izidingo nezithakazelo ezibalulekile zabalingani be-Walmart, njengoba zivezwe ezigabeni ezedlule, ezizungeza umqondo wesithunzi - ukulangazelela ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabo, ukuphathwa kahle futhi ngendlela efanele, futhi ehlonishwa abaphathi. Ukuze kubhekwane nezidingo nezintshisekelo ezikhona kule ngxabano, kubalulekile ukuthi uhlelo nenqubo yokuxhumana ethenjwa ozakwabo be-Walmart kufanele kusungulwe e-Walmart. Njengoba idatha yocwaningo ibonisa, izinhlelo nezinqubo ezikhona zokuxhumana kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano - ikakhulukazi inqubomgomo ye-Open Door kanye ne-Global Ethics ephakamisa ukukhathazeka nethuluzi lokukhuluma nge-inthanethi - bekuzosebenza njengamathuluzi abalulekile okuvimbela, ukuxazulula, nokuguqula izingxabano phakathi kwabahlanganyeli. , phakathi kwabahlanganyeli nabaphathi, naphakathi kwabaphathi abaphakathi nabaholi abaphakeme, uma lezi zinhlelo bezisobala kakhudlwana, zethenjwa ababambe iqhaza, ikakhulukazi abahlanganyeli, futhi azizimele, futhi zingaphandle, izikhundla zenhlangano.
Indlela yokuguqula ulayini noma isiteshi sokuxhumana ngokuya ngedizayini yokuxazulula izingxabano ngaphakathi kwe-Walmart kuseyinselelo umklami wezinhlelo zezingxabano okuzodingeka ayinqobe ukuze akwazi ukukhuthaza ngempumelelo ushintsho ku-Walmart. Futhi lolu shintsho kufanele luqale ngokucabangela umthelela wesakhiwo senhlangano esikhona emizamweni yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwamanje phakathi kwe-Walmart nabahlanganyeli bayo phezu kokuhlanganiswa kwezinyunyana.
Imithelela Yesakhiwo Senhlangano ye-Walmart Emizamweni Yokuxazulula Ukungqubuzana
Ukuze uklame uhlelo kanye / noma inqubo ezohlangabezana nezidingo ze-Walmart nabalingani bayo, kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ukuthi ukwakheka kwenhlangano kuyithinta kanjani imizamo eqhubekayo yokuxazulula. Esigabeni esandulele, kuphawulwe ukuthi isisekelo sobuholi be-Walmart kanye nabaphathi bakhelwe kusetshenziswa uhlaka olusebenzayo olulandelanayo lapho imigqa yezokuxhumana kanye nethonya lamandla okwenza izinqumo lehla lisuka phezulu liye phansi, lishiya abahlanganyeli endaweni ephansi yethonya benomuzwa wokungabi namandla. kanye nokuba phansi. Le mizwa engemihle ihlanganiswa yindlela ebusayo yokuxhumana echazwe esigabeni esandulele. Inselele umklami wesistimu yengxabano azobhekana nayo e-Walmart indlela yokulinganisa ngokwakhayo amandla phakathi kwabahlanganyeli nabaphathi be-Walmart.
Ukutholwa kocwaningo kuveza ukuthi isakhiwo se-hierarchical ye-Walmart sidale isimo lapho abanye abaphathi becabanga khona "amandla njengokusabalalisa" (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 105), umqondo "wamandla phezu noma ngokumelene," noma ukubeka ngokuhlukile, “noma/noma” umbono wamandla. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho umphathi etshela asebenza naye osezovala ekupheleni kweshifu: “Kuphakathi kokuthi uhlale futhi usize ihora elilodwa (okungukuthi, sebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) noma ungase uxoshwe ngosuku olulandelayo. ” Yingakho iningi labasebenzisana nalo belikhononda ngokubuswa, ukungahlonishwa nokuphathwa kabi. Ngenxa yezinhloso zobudlelwano besikhathi eside ezikhona phakathi kwabahlanganyeli nomqashi wabo, i-Walmart, lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi isimo sengqondo sokuthi "noma / noma" emandleni silingane “namandla ahlanganisayo, kokubili/namandla, amandla, noma ukusebenzisana. ” (Hocker and Wilmot, 2014, p. 131). Imodeli edidiyelwe yokwabelana kwamandla iyindlela enhle yokunika amandla ozakwabo ekugcineni komugqa wezokuxhumana kanye nomthelela wamandla, ubashukumisele ukuthi bahlale bebambe iqhaza, futhi ekugcineni basuse ukugxila emandleni aphezulu - amandla aphansi aguquguqukayo aye ebuhlotsheni bomsebenzi isekelwe ezimisweni zokuthembela komunye nomunye.
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Yonke imibuzo emayelana nalolu shicilelo kufanele ithunyelwe kumbhali, u-Basil Ugorji, Ph.D., uMongameli kanye ne-CEO, i-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation, eNew York. Ucwaningo lwenziwe ehlobo lika-2016 njengengxenye yezifundo zombhali zeDispute Systems Design eMnyangweni Wokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano waseNova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
