Ukuxazulula Izingxabano Ezingapheli Embusweni Kawoyela Ongahluziwe Negesi Ecebile Ekpetiama: Indaba Eyisibonelo Senkinga Ye-Agudama Ekpetiama
Ekpetiama Kingdom
Isifundo Esihlonishwayo Senkosi Yakhe, iNkosi u-Bubaraye Dakolo, u-Agada IV, u-Ibenanaowei wase-Ekpetiama Kingdom, eSifundazweni sase-Bayelsa, e-Nigeria.
Abaqokiwe: UDenis Bikesha, Ph.D., IDini Yesikole Somthetho kanye Nomfundisi Womthetho, Inyuvesi yaseRwanda, Isikole Somthetho, Ikhampasi yaseGikondo. Ubukhosi Bakhe, iNkosi u-Bubaraye Dakolo, u-Agada IV, u-Ibenanaowei wase-Ekpetiama Kingdom, e-Bayelsa State, e-Nigeria. Usihlalo: U-Basil Ugorji, uMongameli kanye ne-CEO, i-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation, eNew York.
Inkulumo ehlonishwayo eyethulwa ngo-Okthoba 31, 2018 eNgqungqutheleni Yezizwe Zonke Yesihlanu Yonyaka Yokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Zobuhlanga Nezenkolo Nokwakha Ukuthula eyayibanjwe yi-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation eQueens College, City University of New York, ngokubambisana neSikhungo Sobuhlanga, Ukuqonda Kobuhlanga Nezenkolo (i-CERRU).
Isingeniso
I-Agudama ngomunye wemiphakathi eyisikhombisa etholakala eduze kombuso kawoyela ongahluziwe negesi osebeni lomfula iNun River e-Ekpetiama esifundeni saseNiger River Delta, esifundazweni saseBayelsa, eNigeria. Lo mphakathi wezakhamuzi ezibalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu uhlangabezane nembibizane iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, ngemva kokushona komholi womphakathi, ngenxa yokulandelana kanye nezinselelo zokuphatha uwoyela ongahluziwe negesi. Ngaphezu kwenqwaba yamacala alandela ezinkantolo, le ngxabano yabulala abantu abathile. Yazi ukuthi ukuthula kuzodala intuthuko edingeka kakhulu ebibabalekela abantu isikhathi eside naphezu kokuphiwa izinsiza zikawoyela negesi, inkosi entsha yombuso wase-Ekpetiama yabheka ukubuyiselwa kokuthula e-Agudama kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye zombuso njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano yombuso wendabuko wase-Ekpetiama yasetshenziswa. Ulwazi olufanele mayelana ne-imbroglio lukhishwe emaphathini esigodlweni sika-Agada IV Gbarantoru. Ekugcineni, umhlangano wazo zonke izinhlangothi kanye nezingqapheli ezingathathi hlangothi ezivela kweminye imiphakathi embusweni wawuhlelelwe ukuba ube esigodlweni senkosi entsha ukuze kuxazululwe ngempumelelo impi.
Phakathi kokwesaba okuvezwa amaqembu nabangabazayo, isikhundla sika-Ibenanaowei (inkosi) sishiye wonke umuntu enelisekile. Ezintweni ezine amaqembu okwakudingeka azifeze njengabantu ababuyisanayo, ezimbili zenziwa ngokuhlanganyela yizo zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo, kanti eyesithathu yafezwa ngokugcwele embusweni wombuso. I-Yam Festival entsha ngoJuni (Okolode) 2018. Ezinye izimfuneko ezimbili zokhetho nokufakwa komholi omusha womphakathi we-Agudama ziyaqhubeka.
Lesi isifundo esiyisibonelo sokuthi, ngobuqotho benhloso, indlela evamile yokuxazulula izingxabano e-Ekpetiama ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuze kuxazululwe izingxabano ezingapheli ezidele izindlela zasentshonalanga njengoba zisetshenziswa e-Nigeria. Umphumela ojwayelekile uwukunqoba. Icala le-Agudama, eselidonse iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu naphezu kwezinqumo eziningana zesistimu yezobulungiswa yaseBrithani, lixazululwa ngendlela ye-Ekpetiama yokuxazulula izingxabano.
I-Geography
I-Agudama ngomunye wemiphakathi eyisikhombisa etholakala eduze kombuso kawoyela ongahluziwe negesi osebeni lomfula iNun River e-Ekpetiama esifundeni saseNiger River Delta, esifundazweni saseBayelsa, eNigeria. Ingumphakathi wesithathu wase-Ekpetiama olandela indlela egeleza yoMfula iNun, ubala ezansi nomfula usuka eGbarantoru, idolobha elikhuphuka kakhulu embusweni. I-Wilberforce Island igama lenhlabathi lapho i-Agudama ikhona. Izitshalo nezilwane zayo ezinhle ngokwedlulele emakhulwini eminyaka akudala zisaphelele - azintombi nto. Ngaphandle kwasezindaweni esezivele zifakwe inqwaba yemigwaqo nezindlu zesimanje, noma lezo ezisuselwe ukusebenza kukawoyela negesi, futhi kamuva nje kwesikhumulo sezindiza sesifunda sase-Bayelsa. Isibalo sabantu base-Agudama silinganiselwa ezinkulungwaneni ezintathu. Idolobhana lakhiwe yizinhlanganisela ezintathu, okuyi-Ewerewari, i-Olomowari kanye ne-Oyekewari.
Umlando Wokungqubuzana
NgoDisemba 23, 1972, u-Agudama wathola i-Amananaowei entsha, iRoyal Highness Turner Eradiri II owabusa kwaze kwaba nguDisemba 1, 2002, lapho ejoyina okhokho bakhe. Isihlalo se-Agudama sifakwe kugazethi njengesitulo sendabuko sekilasi lesithathu esifundazweni sase-Bayelsa. UPaliowei, iPhini leNduna u-Awudu Okpopon wabe esebusa njengebamba lase-Amananaowei kwaze kwaba ngu-2004, lapho abantu bethi bafuna i-Amananaowei entsha. Ngenxa yokuthi ngaphambili leli dolobha lalibuswa umthetho-sisekelo ongabhaliwe, isicelo somthethosisekelo obhaliwe samukelwa njengesinyathelo sokuqala esidingekayo. Inqubo yokubhala umthethosisekelo yaqala ngo-January 1, 2004. Lokhu kwabangela ukungqubuzana kwezinzuzo, kodwa ngo-February 10, 2005, umphakathi emhlanganweni wawo omkhulu owawusenkundleni yedolobha waphakamisa isiphakamiso sokuba kwamukelwe uhlaka lomthethosisekelo we-Agudama. Le nqubo idale ukuyaluza kwazo zonke izinhlobo okwagcina kungenise uhulumeni wesifunda saseBayelsa njengomxazululi.
Usihlalo wangaleso sikhathi woMkhandlu wababusi beNdabuko esifundazweni saseBayelsa, iNkosi yakwa-HRM uJoshua Igbagara wenziwa usihlalo wekomidi lesifunda saseBayelsa e-Agudama, ngenhloso yokusiza umphakathi ukuthi udlule ezinqubweni zokufaka ngokuthula i-Amananaowei entsha. Ubunzima bokuthola wonke umuntu ekwemukeleni isisekelo sombuso esitsha bubambezele uhlelo okwezinye izinyanga. Nokho, ngoMeyi 25, 2005 umthethosisekelo owamukelwe wethulwa emphakathini wase-Agudama. Khona manjalo kuphinde kwavulwa ikomiti loguquko, kwahlakazwa zonke izinhlaka ezifana nomkhandlu wezinduna, i-community development committee (CDC) nokunye okwashiywa umufi Amananaowei. Kodwa cishe ingxenye yabantu abathintekile yenqaba ukuchithwa. Ibamba u-Amananaowei, umlingiswa obucayi ochungechungeni lwemicimbi, wamukele lesi sikhundla esisha wase eshiya eceleni ukuze ikomiti lezinguquko lamadoda ayisihlanu liqhubeke nomsebenzi walo. Sekukonke, izingxenye ezimbili nengxenye kwezintathu ezisedolobheni, ezihlanganisa cishe u-85% womphakathi wamukele isikhundla esisha. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukuvulwa kwekomidi lokhetho (ELECO) kwenzeka ngoJuni 22, 2005 nabantu abathathwe kuzo zonke izinhlanganisela ezintathu ze-Ewerewari, Olomowari kanye ne-Oyekewari. Ikomidi lezokhetho liqhubekile nokumemezela ukuthengiswa kwamafomu ngokusebenzisa ummemezeli wendawo kanye nesiteshi somsakazo saseBayelsa. Ngemva kweviki kubikwa ngokhetho, labo ababephikisana lenguquko bacela abalandeli babo ukuthi badube ukhetho. Baphinde bamemezela ikhwelo labo lokuduba ngokuphelele ukusebenzisa umsakazo wombuso.
Naphezu kokuduba, ikomidi lokhetho laqhuba ukhetho ngoJulayi 9, 2005 futhi abaphathi benkosi yase-Agudama bafaka umuntu oyedwa kanye nophumelele njengo-Amananaowei wase-Agudama - Ophezulu U-Imomotimi Happy Ogbotobo ngoJulayi 12, 2005.
Lo mphumela waze waholela kwezinye izingxabano eziningi. Uhulumeni wesifundazwe usolwa ngokuchema ngamanye amalungu omphakathi. Amacala asenkantolo afakwe ngokushesha yilabo bantu ababehlukumezekile abahlele ukuduba ukhetho. Bavulelwa amacala. Izigameko ezimbalwa ze-fisticuffs kamuva eziphenduke zaba udlame olusezingeni elifanele nazo zenzeka. Kube nokuboshwa nokuboshwa okuqalwe yizinhlangothi zombili. Ngokuhamba kwezinsuku kwavulwa amacala amaningi futhi abantu abaningi babekwa amacala ngamacala ahlukene. Icala lombango lokuphonsela inselelo inqubo eyaholela ekuqhamukeni kwe-Amananaowei entsha lagcina linqunyiwe ngokumelene naye kwadumaza abalandeli bakhe abayinqwaba. Uhlulwe yicala kuzo zonke izinkinga. Inkantolo, ngoSepthemba 2012, yachitha ukhetho lukaHappy Ogbotobo njengo-Amananaowei. Ngakho-ke, phambi komthetho naphambi kwazo zonke izakhamuzi ezithobela umthetho zase-Agudama nangale kwayo, akazange abe yinkosi ngisho nangomzuzwana owodwa. Ngakho waba njengamanye ama-indigenes akwa-Agudama angakaze abe Amananaowei. Ngakho-ke kwakungafanele athathwe noma abizwe njengowayengu-Amananaowei embusweni wase-Ekpetiama. Lesi sinqumo sibuyisele abaphathi bomphakathi ezandleni zomkhandlu owashiywa yinkosi engasekho. Lesi sikhundla siphinde saphonselwa inselelo enkantolo kodwa isinqumo saphakamisa ukuthi umkhandlu kamufi u-Amananaowei uqhubeke nokuphatha leli dolobha njengoba imvelo iyakwenyanya.
Imisebenzi kawoyela ongahluziwe negesi yafinyelela phezulu kakhulu ngo-2004 nango-2005, njengoba i-SPDC iqala ukuxhashazwa kwesizinda sabo esikhulu segesi yasogwini sase-Afrika. Baqale iphrojekthi ye-Gbaran/Ubie yezigidigidi zamadola kuqoqo laseGbarain/Ekpetiama. Lokhu kuletha ithuba elingakaze libonwe lokungena kwezinsiza zezezimali kanye namaphrojekthi afanayo okuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yomphakathi emibusweni yase-Ekpetiama naseGbarain, okuhlanganisa ne-Agudama.
Phakathi kuka-2005 ngesikhathi kukhethwa u-Amananaowei owaxoshwa nango-2012 lapho inkantolo ichitha ubukhosi bakhe, lawo malungu omphakathi ayephikisana naye nombuso wakhe awazange ambone njengo-Amananaowei ngakho awazange amlalele. Kube nezenzo zangamabomu zokungahloniphi ngesikhathi sakhe. Ngakho-ke isinqumo senkantolo esihoxise lesi sikhundla samane sasusa ukubukela phansi ubuholi. Kulokhu ngenani elikhulu labantu base-Agudama. Owayethembekile kulowo owayeyi-Amananaowei uthi abakutholanga ukubambisana nabaphathi bomphakathi abakhona kanye nabalandeli babo ngesikhathi sabo ngakho nabo babengeke banikeze okwabo.
Imizamo Yangaphambili Yokuxazulula Ukungqubuzana
Lesi siphithiphithi (esicishe sibe neminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ubudala) sibone womabili amaqembu axabanayo e-Agudama enza uhambo olungenakubalwa oluya eziteshini zamaphoyisa endaweni eseningizimu neNigeria, ezinkantolo ukuze kuqulwe amacala omphakathi nawobugebengu, kanye nasemakhazeni ukuze avikele noma alande abashonile. . Ezimweni ezimbalwa, abanye abantu bazama ukuxazulula izinkinga ngaphandle kwenkantolo, kodwa akekho owabona ukukhanya kwelanga. Imvamisa nje ngesikhathi sokuthola isivumelwano sokuthula esisodwa noma ezimbili kunoma yiziphi izinhlangothi ezibangayo kungaphazamisa ukuqhubeka nokuqeda umzamo.
Ngenkathi Ubukhosi Bakhe Inkosi u-Bubaraye Dakolo ibekwa esihlalweni sobukhosi njengo-Ibenanaowei wombuso wase-Ekpetiama ngo-2016, ukusolana nokucwasana kwakudlondlobala phakathi kwabantu base-Agudama. Kodwa ezimisele ngokugcwele ukuxazulula i-imbroglio, waqala izingxoxo nawo wonke amaqembu emphakathini - abahlukanisiwe nabangenayo i-polarized ngokufanayo izinyanga ezimbalwa ngemva kokuzinza. Ukubonisana kwadluliselwa kubantu beminye imiphakathi yombuso wase-Ekpetiama ababenolwazi olufanele mayelana ukungqubuzana.
Imihlangano eminingana ehlelekile nengakahleleki yabanjwa nenkosi esigodlweni sika-Agada IV. Izinto ezifanele, njengezinqumo zenkantolo nezinqumo, zethulwe nhlangothi zonke ukuze kugcizelele izimangalo zabo. Izimpahla kanye nobufakazi bomlomo kwahlolisiswa ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokuba inkosi inqume ukukuhlanganisa ndawonye esigodlweni sayo okokuqala ngqa ngemva kwesikhathi eside.
Izenzo Zamanje
Ihora lesibili ntambama mhla ziyi-2 kuMbasa, 17 kwakuyisikhathi nosuku olwamukelekile lokuthi zonke izinhlangothi zize esigodlweni senkosi ukuze zixoxisane/zixazulule. Ngaphambi komhlangano kube nokuqagela namahemuhemu mayelana nemiphumela engemihle nechemayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi zonke izinhlangothi zazihileleke ekuthengiseni imiphumela eqagelayo. Ekugcineni safika isikhathi esimisiwe futhi iSilo Sakhe iNkosi uBubaraye Dakolo, u-Agada IV, weza wahlala phezu kwakhe.
Ubethula inkulumo yakhe embuthanweni wango-Agasti wabantu ababalelwa emashumini ayisishiyagalombili. Wabheka lawo maqiniso ayenomuzwa wokuthi bonke kufanele bawavume, futhi wabeka ukuthi:
izinkantolo, ngoSepthemba 2012, zachitha ukukhethwa kukaHappy Ogbotobo njengo-Amananaowei – ngakho phambi komthetho naphambi kwethu njengezakhamuzi ezithobela umthetho zase-Agudama, kufanele sivume ukuthi wayengeyona, futhi akakaze abe yinkosi ngisho nomzuzwana owodwa. Ngakho ufana nanoma yimuphi omunye umuntu e-Agudama ongeyena futhi ongakaze abe Amananaowei. Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma ngabe kuthiwa induna, futhi lokho kungenzeka kwesinye isikhathi, lokho akusho futhi akusho ukuthi wayeyi-Amananaowei kulobu bukhosi ngokomthetho. UChief Sir Bubaraye Geku ungusihlalo we-Agudama Council. Futhi lokhu kuqinisekiswe futhi kwaqinisekiswa yinkantolo yomthetho enekhono. Lokho kwenza ubuholi bakhe besikhashana be-Agudama bube semthethweni. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi kufanele siqhubekele phambili, futhi kufanele senze kanjalo namuhla, ngikholwa ukuthi uzovuma ukuthi sonke senza kanjalo namuhla. Kumelwe SONKE sihlangane naye. Sonke asisekele isikhathi sakhe sokuphatha ukuze kube ne-Agudama engcono.
ISilo siphinde sabheka nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ezithinta inhliziyo njengohlaka lomthethosisekelo. Elinye iqembu lalifuna kuphinde kubhalwe umthethosisekelo omusha ngokuphelele. Kodwa abanye bathi hatshi bethi ugwalo lwesisekelo sombuso luka 2005 kumele lulandelwe. ISilo simile kwelokuthi kusewuhlaka ngoba abantu bakwa-Agudama abavunyelwanga ngokugcwele futhi kukhona angakwazi ukuphonsela inselelo uma kungenziwanga lutho. Ubacele ukuthi babhekisise ukuze babone ukuthi iqukethe incwadi yabo yefa ebhalwe ngokucophelela, nokuthi yaba neqhaza kanjani ekukhishweni kukaMnu. Happy Ogbotobo esikhundleni sakhe esingekho emthethweni. Wabuza: Kuyoba ukuhlakanipha yini ukuyilahla futhi iyilahle ngoba iqukethe umsebenzi nentando yabantu base-Agudama? Ikakhulukazi kubantu ababuyisanayo? Abantu ababuyisanayo? Wathi uzonqaba. Cha ngoba kumele sithuthuke. Cha ngoba awukho umthethosisekelo emhlabeni ongaphelele. Hhayi ngisho naleyo yase-United States of America! Yiqiniso, uqhubeka nokuzwa, ukuchitshiyelwa kokuqala kanye nokuchitshiyelwa kwesibili, njll.
Icala Elisalindile eNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala
Kusenecala eliqhubekayo enkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ePort Harcourt. Lokhu kufanele kuxazululwe ngoba alukho ukhetho olusha lwase-Amananaowei olungaqhutshwa ngaphandle kokuxazulula noma yiluphi udaba oluhlobene enkantolo.
Abakwa-Ibenanaowei banxuse bonke ababekulo mhlangano ngesidingo sokubeka icala enkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ePort Harcourt kubhekwe phambili. Bahambisana nenkolelo yenkosi yokuthi umphumela wecala eliqhubekayo enkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ePort Harcourt ngeke uyixazulule inkinga. Nakuba kunganikeza abawinile, noma ngabe bangaba bani, imizuzu embalwa yobumnandi obungashintshi lutho lube ngcono e-Agudama. “Ngakho-ke, uma simthanda u-Agudama, singaliqeda lelo cala namuhla. Kufanele sikuhoxise. Asihambe siyoyihoxisa,” esho egcizelela. Lokhu kwagcina kwamukelwe yibo bonke. Ukubona ukuthi udaba olusenkantolo yokudlulisa amacala ePort Harcourt uma luhoxiswa lungase luvule ithuba lokhetho kwabajabulisa kakhulu abaningi.
“Izidingo Zami Zabantu base-Agudama”
Inkulumo yenkosi ngesikhathi eya phambili emphakathini ibisihloko sithi 'izimfuno zami kubantu base-Agudama'. Ucele bonke abantu ukuthi bavume futhi babambisane neChief Sir Bubaraye Geco oholwa umkhandlu njengohulumeni osemthethweni wase-Agudama futhi waphinde wacela ukuthi uMkhandlu ophethe uSir Bubaraye Geco wenze umsebenzi olula wokungacwasi noma yimuphi umuntu wakwa-Agudama ekusebenzelaneni kwakhe nedolobha. kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Wengeze ngokuthi inhloko yomkhandlu izophinde yenze umsebenzi onzima kakhulu wokuthi ingabonakali ibandlulula noma yimuphi umuntu we-Agudama ekusebenzelaneni kwakhe nedolobha kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kushintsha kombono kwakubucayi kakhulu.
Inkosi yafuna ukuthi izobumba ikomiti lokhetho elingachemile elingelona i-Agudama, Ekpetiama elizoqhuba ukhetho lwase-Agudama ngasekupheleni konyaka uma zonke ezinye izimfuno zifezwa. Uphinde weluleka ngokuthi umthethosisekelo we-Agudama owasetshenziswa futhi okukhulunywa ngawo esahlulelweni esachitha ukhetho nokuphatha kukaMnu Happy Ogbotobo uvuselelwe ngendlela ebukekayo kuphela njengoba lesi akusona isikhathi sezinguquko ezibalulekile.
Ngomoya wokushintshana njengoba kugxilile kumthethosisekelo kanye nokuvumela ukuvalwa okufanele, ubuzalwane, ukulunga, ukubuyisana kwangempela kwabantu base-Ekpetiama base-Agudama, nothando lomphakathi, ukhetho lwesihlalo se-Amananaowei yase-Agudama kufanele luvumele kuphela abangenele ukhetho. kusuka e-Ewerewari nase-Olomowari. Bonke bagqugquzelwe ukuthi bafake noma basekele abazongenela ukhetho kulezi zinhlanganisela futhi bavumele kukhethwe umuntu obonise uthando lweqiniso ngomphakathi. Lesi siphakamiso, njengesikhundla sesikhashana, kuhloswe ngaso ukwamukela izinhlobonhlobo zezifiso zabantu base-Agudama.
KuMnu. Happy Ogbotobo
Umholi womphakathi owaxoshwa, uMnu. Happy Ogbotobo, kwaxoxwa naye. Udabuka e-Ewerewari compound. Njengoba ukhetho nokubusa kwakhe kwachithwa, bekungaba kuhle ukuthi aphinde angenele ukhetho uma efisa futhi ehlangabezana nezinye izindlela zokukhethwa esikhundleni sika-Amananaowei wase-Agudama.
Isiphetho
Abakwa-Ibenanaowei bagcine benikeze abantu base-Agudama izinyanga ezintathu ukuthi basebenzisane bendawonye. Ubacele ukuthi bahoxise isicelo esisalindile futhi beseke uhulumeni okhona. Baqondiswe ukuthi bagubhe ngokuhlanganyela i-Okolode ngoJuni 2018. Empeleni ngokuhlanganyela bethule iqembu lomkhosi elihamba phambili.
Kwenziwa isithembiso sekomiti lokhetho ezinyangeni ezimbalwa uma bekhombisa ukulungela. Inkosi yagcizelela iqiniso lokuthi ubutha kwakungeyona impi yama-titans, kodwa nje ukuxabana komndeni kwathathwa kude kakhulu, futhi indlela yendabuko yokuxazulula eyasetshenziswa yayiyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuqeda ukuxabana komndeni. Nakuba abanye bengase baphoxeke kodwa inkosi ikholelwa ekutheni u-Agudama kufanele ahlangane asebenze ndawonye angacabangi ukuthi angathola konke. Kuhlale kungukuphana, wagcizelela. Futhi lesi yisikhathi sokupha nokuthatha. Iseshini yaphetha ngesiqubulo samasiko esithi – Aahinhhh Ogbonbiri! I-Onua.
Isincomo
Indlela ye-Ekpetiama yokuxazulula ukungqubuzana ehlala ibheka umphumela wokuwina kube isisekelo sokuthula komphakathi kanye nokuphilisana kusukela kudala futhi isalokhu iyiqiniso nanamuhla inqobo nje uma unompempe elalela futhi egcina ubuqotho benhloso.
Uhulumeni wesifunda sase-Bayelsa ikakhulukazi nazo zonke ezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni zingawusekela lo mkhuba ngokwenza amanyuvesi acwaninge kahle futhi abhale phansi lo mkhuba, futhi awusebenzise ukuxazulula izingxabano eziningi ezibangelwa uwoyela ongahluziwe negesi e-Niger Delta nakwezinye izindawo.
