Ukukhishwa kwezikhali ngesikhathi seMpi Yobuhlanga Nezenkolo: Umbono we-UN
Inkulumo ehloniphekile eyethulwa eNgqungqutheleni Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yonyaka ka-2015 Yokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Zobuhlanga Nezenkolo kanye Nokwakha Ukuthula ebanjwe eNew York ngo-Okthoba 10, 2015 yi-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation.
Somlomo:
UCurtis Raynold, uNobhala, Ibhodi Lokweluleka likaNobhala-Jikelele Wezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali, Ihhovisi LeNhlangano Yezizwe Eziphathelene Nezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali, Indlunkulu YeZizwe Ezihlangene, eNew York.
Kungijabulisa kakhulu ukuba lapha namhlanje ekuseni ukuze ngikhulume nawe ngomsebenzi weNhlangano Yezizwe, ikakhulukazi, weHhovisi LeZizwe Ezihlangene Lezindaba Zokulwa Nezikhali (UNODA) kanye nemizamo yalo yokubhekana nayo yonke imithombo yezingxabano ngokombono. yokuncishiswa kwezikhali.
Siyabonga ku-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM) ngokuhlela le ngqungquthela ebalulekile. Kuza njengoba sigubha iminyaka engama-70 yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ebilokhu ihamba phambili emizamweni yokwakha ukuthula nokuvimbela izingxabano emhlabeni wonke iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa. Ngakho-ke, siwushayela ihlombe umsebenzi wokuzikhandla wezinhlangano zomphakathi ezifana neyakho ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela nokuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwezikhali nokufundisa abantu ngezingozi zokungqubuzana phakathi kwezizwe nezinkolo.
Izinhlangano zomphakathi zenze igalelo elikhulu emkhakheni wokukhishwa kwezikhali, futhi Ihhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Lezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali libonga kakhulu ngomsebenzi wabo mayelana nalokhu.
Njengomakadebona wemishini eyisithupha yeZizwe Ezihlangene yokugcina ukuthula, ngiye ngazibonela ngawami futhi ngazi kahle kamhlophe umonakalo osuhlala isikhathi eside emphakathini, wendawo ezungezile, nowezomnotho oye wabangelwa izingxabano zezikhali ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba. Njengoba sonke sazi, izingxabano ezinjalo zinezimpande eziningana, inkolo nobuhlanga zimbili kuphela. Izingxabano zingase futhi ziqalwe ezinye izimbangela eziningi okufanele zixazululwe ngezinyathelo ezifanele ezibhekana ngqo nezimbangela eziqondile, ezihlanganisa lezo ezinemvelaphi yenkolo neyobuhlanga.
Ozakwethu eMnyangweni Wezindaba Zezepolitiki, ikakhulukazi labo abasophikweni lwe-Mediation Support Unit, banomsebenzi wokuthi bathole izindlela ezifanele zokubhekana nezimbangela zokungqubuzana kwazo zonke izinhlobo futhi batshale izinsiza eziningi ezindaweni eziningi ezingqubuzana nazo. ukusebenza kahle okukhulu. Le mizamo, nakuba iphumelela kakhulu kwezinye izimo, iyodwa ayanele ukubhekana ngokugcwele nezingxabano zezikhali zazo zonke izinhlobo. Ukuze kubhekwane ngempumelelo nezingxabano ezihlomile okuhlanganisa nokubhekana nezimbangela zazo kanye nemiphumela yazo elimazayo, i-UN idonsa ochwepheshe abaningi.
Mayelana nalokhu, iminyango eyahlukene ohlelweni lweNhlangano Yezizwe isebenzisana ukuze ilethe izinsiza zayo ezikhethekile kanye nabasebenzi ukuze babhekane nenkinga yokungqubuzana kwezikhali. Le minyango ihlanganisa iHhovisi LeNhlangano Yezizwe Lezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali, uMnyango Wezindaba Zezepolitiki, uMnyango Wezokugcina Ukuthula (DPKO), uMnyango Wezenkonzo yasensimini (DFS) neminye eminingi.
Lokhu kungiletha emsebenzini weHhovisi Lezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali kanye neqhaza lalo ekuvimbeleni nasekuxazululeni ukungqubuzana kwezikhali. Indima yethu kulokho okuwumzamo wokubambisana, ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwezikhali nezinhlamvu ezibhebhethekisa ukungqubuzana. Isihloko sale ngxoxo yephaneli: “Ukuhoxiswa kwezikhali Phakathi Nempi Yobuhlanga Nenkolo” kubonakala kuphakamisa ukuthi kungase kube nendlela ekhethekile yokukhipha izikhali kumongo wezingxabano zenkolo nezobuhlanga. Ake ngicacise zisuka nje: IHhovisi Le-UN Lezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali alihlukanisi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezingxabano futhi lisebenzisa indlela efanayo ekufezeni igunya lalo lokuhoxiswa kwezikhali. Ngokuhoxiswa kwezikhali, sithemba ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezikhali okwamanje ezibhebhethekisa izingxabano zezenkolo, zobuzwe, nezinye emhlabeni wonke.
Ukukhishwa kwezikhali, kumongo wazo zonke izingxabano, kungaba ezobuhlanga, ezenkolo, noma okunye okubandakanya ukuqoqwa, ukubhalwa kwemibhalo, ukulawula nokulahlwa kwezikhali ezincane, izinhlamvu, iziqhumane nezikhali ezilula nezindandayo ezivela kubalwi. Inhloso ukunciphisa futhi ekugcineni kuqedwe ukutholakala okungalawulwa kwezikhali futhi ngaleyo ndlela kwehliswe amathuba okuqhubekisela phambili ukungqubuzana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo.
IHhovisi lethu lisebenzela ukusekela nokukhuthaza izivumelwano zokulawula izikhali njengoba lezi zivumelwano zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekudambiseni izingxabano kuwo wonke umlando wokuhoxiswa kwezikhali. Zisebenze njengezinyathelo zokwakha ukuzethemba, zinikeza kokubili indlela kanye nethuba lokuletha amabutho aphikisayo etafuleni lezingxoxo.
ISivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezikhali kanye NoHlelo Lokusebenza, isibonelo, kungamathuluzi amabili abaluleke kakhulu umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ongawasebenzisa njengezivikelo ekudlulisweni kwemali ngokungemthetho, ezikhubaza ukuqoqwa kanye nokusetshenziswa budedengu kwezikhali ezijwayelekile, ezivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ubuzwe, ezenkolo. , nezinye izingxabano.
I-ATT esanda kwamukelwa nguMhlangano-jikelele we-UN ihlose ukusungula izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe eziphakeme kakhulu ezifanayo zokulawula ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe ngezikhali ezivamile, kanye nokuvimbela nokuqeda ukuhwebelana okungekho emthethweni kwezikhali ezivamile kanye nokuphambukiswa kwazo. Ithemba liwukuthi ngokwanda kokulawulwa kohwebo lwezikhali kuzofezeka isilinganiso esikhulu sokuthula ezindaweni ezinezingxabano.
Njengoba uNobhala-Jikelele esanda kusho, “iSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezikhali sinikeza isithembiso somhlaba onokuthula kakhudlwana futhi sisuse igebe elisobala lokuziphatha emthethweni wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngaphandle kweqhaza lalo ekusekeleni ukwamukelwa kweSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezikhali, Ihhovisi Le-UN Lezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali lengamele Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokuvimbela, Ukulwa kanye Nokuqeda Ukuhwebelana Okungemthetho Kwezikhali Ezincane Nezikhali Ezilula Kuzo Zonke Izingxenye Zalo. Kuwuhlelo olubalulekile olusekelwa yiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene olwasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1990 ukunciphisa ukutholakala kwezikhali ezincane nezikhali ezilula ngokukhuthaza imibuso ehlukahlukene yokulawula izikhali emazweni abambe iqhaza.
UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha we-UN nawo ufeza indima enkulu ekukhishweni kwezikhali ngenjongo yokuqeda izingxabano zobuzwe, ezenkolo nezinye. Ngo-August 2014, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha wamukela isinqumo mayelana nezinsongo zokuthula nokuvikeleka kwamazwe ngamazwe okubangelwa izenzo zobuphekula[1], kubhekiselwa kusongo olubangelwa amaphekula angaphandle. Ngokuphawulekayo, uMkhandlu usiqinisekisile isinqumo sawo sokuthi amazwe kufanele avimbele ukuhlinzekwa okuqondile noma okungaqondile, ukuthengiswa, noma ukudluliselwa kwezikhali ku-Islamic State e-Iraq kanye neLevant (ISIL), i-Al Nusrah Front (ANF) kanye nabo bonke abantu, amaqembu, izibopho, kanye izinhlangano ezihlobene ne-Al-Qaida.[2]
Sengiphetha, ngizame ukucacisa ngomsebenzi weHhovisi Le-UN Lezindaba Zokuhoxiswa Kwezikhali kanye neqhaza elibalulekile lokuhoxiswa kwezikhali ekuxazululeni izingxabano zobuhlanga, ezenkolo, nezinye. Ukukhishwa kwezikhali, njengoba kungenzeka ukuthi usuqoqile manje, kuyingxenye kuphela yezibalo. Umsebenzi wethu eNhlanganweni Yezizwe Ezihlangene wokuqeda ukungqubuzana kobuhlanga, inkolo, nezinye uwumzamo ohlangene wezingxenye eziningi zesistimu ye-UN. Kungokusebenzisa ubungcweti obukhethekile bemikhakha ehlukahlukene yesistimu ye-UN lapho sikwazi kangcono kakhulu ukubhekana nezimbangela zemibango yezenkolo, yobuzwe, nezinye ngendlela ephumelelayo.
[1] S/RES/2171 (2014), 21 Agasti 2014.
[2] S/RES/2170 (2014), op 10.
