Ukukhula Komnotho kanye Nokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Ngenqubomgomo Yomphakathi: Izifundo ezivela eNiger Delta yaseNigeria
Imibono Yokuqala
Emiphakathini yonxiwankulu, umnotho kanye nezimakethe kube yikona okugxilwe kakhulu kukho ekuhlaziyeni maqondana nentuthuko, ukukhula, kanye nokuphishekela ukuchuma nenjabulo. Kodwa-ke, lo mbono uyashintsha kancane kancane ikakhulukazi ngemva kokwamukelwa kwe-United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda ngamazwe angamalungu kanye nezinjongo zayo ze-Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) eziyishumi nesikhombisa. Nakuba izinjongo eziningi zentuthuko esimeme zithuthukisa isithembiso sobunxiwankulu, ezinye zezinjongo zibaluleke kakhulu engxoxweni yenqubomgomo mayelana nokungqubuzana phakathi kwesifunda sase-Niger Delta yaseNigeria.
I-Niger Delta iyisifunda lapho uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye negesi etholakala eNigeria. Izinkampani eziningi zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe zikhona ngenkuthalo e-Niger Delta, zikhipha uwoyela ongahluziwe ngokubambisana nezwe laseNigeria. Cishe u-70% wesamba semali engenayo yaminyaka yonke yaseNigeria etholwa ngokudayiswa kukawoyela negesi e-Niger Delta, futhi lokhu kwenza amaphesenti angama-90 esamba semali esithunyelwa minyaka yonke yezwe. Uma ukukhishwa nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela negesi kungaphazanyiswa phakathi nanoma yimuphi unyaka wezimali, umnotho waseNigeria uyaqhakaza futhi ukhula ngamandla ngenxa yokwanda kokuthekelisa kukawoyela. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukukhishwa nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela kuphazamiseka eNiger Delta, ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela kuyehla, futhi umnotho waseNigeria uyehla. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umnotho waseNigeria uncike kangakanani eNiger Delta.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1980 kuze kube kulo nyaka (okungukuthi 2017), kube nokungqubuzana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwabantu baseNiger Delta kanye nohulumeni wobumbano waseNigeria kanye nezinkampani zikawoyela zamazwe ngamazwe ngenxa yezinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nokumbiwa kukawoyela. Ezinye zezinkinga ukulinyazwa kwemvelo nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukungalingani mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwengcebo kawoyela, ukubukelwa phansi okubonakalayo kanye nokukhishwa ngaphandle kweNiger Deltans, kanye nokuxhashazwa okuyingozi kwesifunda saseNiger Delta. Lezi zindaba zimelelwe kahle yilezo zinhloso zeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene zentuthuko eziqhubekayo ezingabhekiselwe kubunxiwankulu, okuhlanganisa kodwa okungagcini nje ngomgomo wesi-3 - impilo enhle nokuphila kahle; umgomo 6 - amanzi ahlanzekile nokuthuthwa kwendle; umgomo 10 - ukunciphisa ukungalingani; umgomo 12 - ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa okunomthwalo wemfanelo; umgomo 14 - ukuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi; umgomo 15 - ukuphila emhlabeni; kanye nomgomo 16 – ukuthula, ubulungiswa kanye nezikhungo eziqinile.
Ekuvukeleni kwabo lezi zinhloso zentuthuko esimeme, abantu bomdabu baseNiger Delta baye bahlangana ngezindlela ezahlukene nangezikhathi ezahlukene. Okugqamayo phakathi kwezishoshovu zaseNiger Delta kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi iMovement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) eyasungulwa ekuqaleni kuka-1990 ngaphansi kobuholi besishoshovu sezemvelo, uKen Saro-Wiwa, okwathi, kanye nabanye abantu abayisishiyagalombili bakwa-Ogeni (ngokuvamile aziwa ngokuthi. Ogoni Nine), wagwetshwa ukufa ngokulengiswa ngo-1995 nguhulumeni wezempi kaGeneral Sani Abacha. Amanye amaqembu aphikisayo ahlanganisa i-Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) eyakhiwe ekuqaleni kuka-2006 ngu-Henry Okah, futhi kamuva nje, i-Niger Delta Avengers (NDA) eyavela ngoMashi 2016, imemezela impi yokufakwa kukawoyela nezinsiza ngaphakathi Isifunda saseNiger Delta. Ukuxokozela kwala maqembu aseNiger Delta kuholele ekubhekaneni obala nabomthetho kanye nezempi. Lokhu kungqubuzana kukhule kwaba udlame, okwaholela ekucekeleni phansi kwezikhungo zikawoyela, ukulahleka kwezimpilo, kanye nokuma kokukhiqizwa kukawoyela okukhubazeke futhi kwathumela umnotho waseNigeria ekuwohlokeni komnotho ngo-2016.
Ngomhla zingama-27 kuMbasa 2017, i-CNN yasakaza umbiko wezindaba owabhalwa u-Eleni Giokos ngesihloko esithi: “Umnotho waseNigeria ‘wawuyinhlekelele’ ngo-2016. Ingabe lo nyaka uzohluka?” Lo mbiko uqhubeka ukhombisa umthelela omubi izingxabano e-Niger Delta enawo emnothweni waseNigeria. Ngakho-ke kuyinhloso yaleli phepha ukubuyekeza umbiko wezindaba we-Giokos we-CNN. Ukubuyekezwa kulandelwa ukuhlolwa kwezinqubomgomo ezahlukene uhulumeni waseNigeria azisebenzise eminyakeni edlule ukuxazulula ingxabano yaseNiger Delta. Amandla nobuthakathaka balezi zinqubomgomo kuhlaziywa ngokusekelwe kweminye imibono nemibono yenqubomgomo yomphakathi efanele. Ekugcineni, iziphakamiso zinikezwa ukusiza ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana kwamanje e-Niger Delta.
Ukubuyekezwa Kombiko Wezindaba we-CNN ka-Giokos: “Umnotho waseNigeria 'wawuyinhlekelele' ngo-2016. Ingabe lo nyaka uzohluka?"
Umbiko wezindaba zikaGiokos uveza imbangela yokuwohloka komnotho waseNigeria ngo-2016 ukuhlaselwa kwamapayipi kawoyela esifundeni saseNiger Delta. Ngokombiko we-World Economic Outlook Projections oshicilelwe yi-International Monetary Fund (IMF), umnotho waseNigeria wehle ngo-1.5 ngo-2016. Lokhu kwehla komnotho kunemiphumela elimazayo eNigeria: abasebenzi abaningi badilizwa; amanani ezimpahla kanye nezinkonzo akhuphuka ngenxa yokwehla kwamandla emali; kanye nemali yaseNigeria - i-naira - ilahlekelwe inani layo (okwamanje, ngaphezu kwamaNaira angama-320 alingana neDola eli-1).
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokwehlukahlukana emnothweni waseNigeria, noma nini lapho kunodlame noma ukuhlaselwa kokufakwa kukawoyela e-Niger Delta - okubuye kumise ukukhishwa kukawoyela kanye nokukhiqizwa -, umnotho waseNigeria kungenzeka ukuthi uwele ekuwohlokeni. Umbuzo okufanele uphendulwe uthi: kungani uhulumeni waseNigeria nezakhamizi bengakwazi ukuhlukanisa umnotho wabo? Kungani umkhakha wezolimo, imboni yezobuchwepheshe, amanye amabhizinisi okukhiqiza, imboni yezokuzijabulisa, nokunye, kunganakwa amashumi eminyaka? Kungani uthembele kuwoyela negesi kuphela? Nakuba le mibuzo ingeyona into eyinhloko yaleli phepha okugxilwe kuyo, ukuzindla nokubhekana nayo kungase kunikeze amathuluzi awusizo nezinketho zokuxazulula ingxabano yaseNiger Delta, kanye nokwakha kabusha umnotho waseNigeria.
Ngisho noma umnotho waseNigeria uwele ekuwohlokeni komnotho ngo-2016, u-Giokos ushiya abafundi benethemba lika-2017. Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani abatshalizimali kungafanele besabe. Okokuqala, uhulumeni waseNigeria, ngemva kokuqaphela ukuthi ukungenelela kwezempi akukwazi ukumisa i-Niger Delta Avengers noma ukusiza ekunciphiseni ukungqubuzana, wamukela inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nezinqumo zenqubomgomo eziqhubekayo zokuxazulula ukungqubuzana kweNiger Delta nokubuyisela ukuthula esifundeni. Okwesibili, futhi ngokusekelwe ekuxazululeni ngokuthula ukungqubuzana ngezingxoxo kanye nokwenza inqubomgomo eqhubekayo, i-International Monetary Fund (IMF) ibikezela ukuthi umnotho waseNigeria uzokhula ngo-0.8 ku-2017 okuzokhipha izwe ekuwohlokeni komnotho. Isizathu salokhu kukhula komnotho yingoba ukumbiwa, ukukhiqizwa nokuthunyelwa kukawoyela kuqale kabusha ngemuva kokuthi uhulumeni eqale izinhlelo zokubhekana nezidingo zabaphindiseli baseNiger Delta.
Izinqubomgomo Zikahulumeni mayelana Nengxabano yase-Niger Delta: Okwedlule Namanje
Ukuze siqonde izinqubomgomo zamanje zikahulumeni ezibheke e-Niger Delta, kubalulekile ukuthi kubuyekezwe izinqubomgomo zokuphatha zikahulumeni odlule kanye neqhaza labo ekwandiseni noma ekwehliseni ukungqubuzana kwe-Niger Delta.
Okokuqala, abaphathi abahlukahlukene bakahulumeni waseNigeria basebenzise inqubomgomo evumela ukusetshenziswa kokungenelela kwezempi kanye nengcindezelo ukuze kulawuleke izinkinga zaseNiger Delta. Izinga okwasetshenziswa amasosha kungase kwehluke ekuphathweni ngakunye, kodwa amasosha kube yisinqumo sokuqala senqubomgomo esenziwe ukuqeda udlame eNiger Delta. Ngeshwa, izinyathelo zokuphoqelela azikaze zisebenze e-Niger Delta ngezizathu eziningana: ukulahlekelwa ukuphila okungadingekile nhlangothi zombili; indawo ithanda iNiger Deltans; amavukela-mbuso ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu; umonakalo omningi udaleka ezikhungweni zikawoyela; izisebenzi eziningi zakwamanye amazwe ziyathunjwa lapho zibhekene namasosha; futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kokungenelela kwezempi eNiger Delta kwandisa ukungqubuzana okubuye kukhubaze umnotho waseNigeria.
Okwesibili, ukuphendula imisebenzi ye-Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, owayengumashiqela wezempi ngaleso sikhathi, uGeneral Sani Abacha, wasungula futhi wasebenzisa inqubomgomo yokuvimbela ngesigwebo sentambo. Ngokugwebela i-Ogoni Nine ukufa ngokulengiswa ngo-1995 - okuhlanganisa nomholi weMovement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, uKen Saro-Wiwa, kanye namaqabane akhe ayisishiyagalombili - ngezinsolo zokugqugquzela ukubulawa kwabadala abane base-Ogoni ababeseka uhulumeni wobumbano, uhulumeni wezempi waseSani Abacha wayefuna ukuvimba abantu baseNiger Delta ekuqhubekeni nokuyaluza. Ukubulawa kwe-Ogoni Nine kwathola ukugxekwa ezweni lonke nakwamanye amazwe, futhi kwehlulekile ukuvimba abantu baseNiger Delta ekulweleni kwabo ubulungisa kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho kanye nezemvelo. Ukubulawa kwe-Ogoni Nine kwaholela ekudlondlobaleni kwemizabalazo yaseNiger Delta, futhi kamuva, ukuvela kwezinhlangano ezintsha zenhlalo nezempi phakathi kwesifunda.
Okwesithathu, ngomthetho wekhongolose, Ikhomishana Yokuthuthukiswa KwaseNiger Delta (NDDC) yasungulwa ekuqaleni kwentando yeningi ngo-2000 ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukahulumeni kaMongameli Olusegun Obasanjo. Njengoba igama lale khomishana liphakamisa, uhlaka lwenqubomgomo okusekelwe kulo lolu hlelo lugxile ekudaleni, ekuqalisweni nasekusekelweni kwezinhlelo zentuthuko ezihloselwe ukusabela ezidingweni eziyisisekelo zabantu baseNiger Delta - okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini njengendawo ehlanzekile namanzi. , ukuncishiswa kokungcola, ukuthuthwa kwendle, imisebenzi, ukubamba iqhaza kwezombusazwe, ingqalasizinda enhle, kanye neminye yemigomo yentuthuko esimeme: impilo enhle nokuphila kahle, ukuncishiswa kokungalingani, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, ukuhlonipha ukuphila ngaphansi kwamanzi, ukuhlonipha ukuphila emhlabeni. , ukuthula, ubulungiswa kanye nezikhungo ezisebenzayo.
Okwesine, ukunciphisa umthelela wemisebenzi ye-Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) emnothweni waseNigeria, kanye nokuphendula izimfuno zeNiger Deltans, uhulumeni kaMongameli Umaru Musa Yar'Adua wasuka lapho. ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezempi kanye nokudala izinhlelo zobulungisa ezithuthukisayo nezokubuyisela esimweni se-Niger Delta. Ngo-2008, uMnyango Wezindaba zase-Niger Delta wadalelwa ukusebenza njenge-ejensi exhumanisa izinhlelo zentuthuko nezokubuyisela esimweni. Izinhlelo zentuthuko kwakufanele ziphendule ekungabini nabulungiswa kwezomnotho kwangempela nalokho okucatshangwayo kanye nokushiywa ngaphandle, ukulinyazwa kwemvelo kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi, izindaba zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kanye nobumpofu. Ngohlelo lwezobulungiswa bokubuyisela esimeni, uMongameli Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, ngomyalelo wakhe omkhulu wangomhla zingama-26 kuNhlangulana, 2009 wanikeza ushwele abashokobezi baseNiger Delta. Amasosha aseNiger Delta alahla phansi izikhali zawo, alungiswa, athola ukuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemisebenzi yezandla kanye nezibonelelo zanyanga zonke ezivela kuhulumeni wobumbano. Abanye babo baklonyeliswe ngemali yesibonelelo sikahulumeni ukuze baqhubeke nemfundo yabo njengengxenye yohlelo lukashwele. Kokubili uhlelo lwentuthuko kanye nohlelo lwezobulungiswa bokubuyisela esimweni kwakubalulekile ekubuyiseleni ukuthula e-Niger Delta isikhathi eside okwathuthukisa umnotho waseNigeria kwaze kwaba yilapho kuvela i-Niger Delta Avengers ngo-2016.
Okwesihlanu, isinqumo sokuqala senqubomgomo yokuphatha kukahulumeni wamanje - kaMongameli Muhammadu Buhari - ngase-Niger Delta kwaba ukumisa ushwele kamongameli noma uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bokubuyisela olwenziwa ohulumeni bangaphambilini, sisho ukuthi uhlelo lukashwele luvumela futhi luklomelise izigebengu. Uguquko olunjalo lwenqubomgomo kukholakala ukuthi luyimbangela enkulu yempi yabaphindiseli baseNiger Delta ezikhungweni zikawoyela ngo-2016. Ukuze uphendule ngobunkimbinkimbi beNiger Delta Avengers kanye nomonakalo omkhulu abawenzile ekufakweni kukawoyela, uhulumeni waseBuhari ucabangele ukusetshenziswa. yokungenelela kwezempi ekholelwa ukuthi inkinga yaseNiger Delta iyinkinga yomthetho nokuhleleka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umnotho waseNigeria udlondlobala ngenxa yodlame eNiger Delta, inqubomgomo kaBuhari mayelana nengxabano yaseNiger Delta yashintsha kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ezempi kuphela yaba yizingxoxo nokubonisana nabadala nabaholi baseNiger Delta. Kulandela ushintsho olubonakalayo kunqubomgomo kahulumeni mayelana nengxabano yaseNiger Delta, okuhlanganisa ukuqaliswa kabusha kohlelo lukashwele kanye nokwenyuka kwesabelomali sikashwele, kanye nokubona ukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kukahulumeni nabaholi baseNiger Delta, i-Niger Delta Avengers imisiwe. imisebenzi yabo. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2017, kube nokuthula okulinganiselwe eNiger Delta. Ukukhishwa nokukhiqizwa kukawoyela kuqale kabusha, kuyilapho umnotho waseNigeria uya ngokuya ululama ekuwohlokeni komnotho.
Ukusebenza Kwenqubomgomo
Ukungqubuzana kweNiger Delta, umthelela omubi onawo emnothweni waseNigeria, izinsongo zawo zokuthula nokuvikeleka, kanye nemizamo yokuxazulula izingxabano kahulumeni waseNigeria kungachazwa futhi kuqondwe ngombono wokusebenza kahle. Abanye ongoti benqubomgomo abanjengoDeborah Stone bakholelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo yomphakathi iyindida. Phakathi kokunye, inqubomgomo yomphakathi iyindida phakathi kokuphumelela nokusebenza kahle. Kuyinto eyodwa ukuthi inqubomgomo yomphakathi isebenze kahle; kungenye into ukuthi leyo nqubomgomo isebenze kahle. Abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezinqubomgomo zabo kuthiwa banjalo esebenza kahle uma futhi kuphela uma bethola imiphumela ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi. Abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezinqubomgomo abaphumelelayo abakhuthazi ukuchitha isikhathi, izinsiza, imali, amakhono, kanye nethalente, futhi bagwema ngokuphelele ukuphindaphinda. Izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zengeza inani eliphezulu ezimpilweni zenani eliphezulu labantu emphakathini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezinqubomgomo zabo kuthiwa banjalo ngempumelelo uma befeza kuphela inhloso ethile - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le nhloso ifezwa kanjani nokuthi igcwaliseka ngobani.
Ngomehluko ongenhla phakathi kokuphumelela nokusebenza kahle - nokwazi ukuthi inqubomgomo ngeke isebenze ngaphandle kokuthi kuqala futhi isebenze, kodwa inqubomgomo ingasebenza ngaphandle kokuphumelela - imibuzo emibili idinga ukuphendulwa: 1) Ngabe lezo zinqumo zenqubomgomo zithathwa ohulumeni baseNigeria ukuze baxazulule ukungqubuzana kweNiger Delta ngendlela efanele noma engasebenzi kahle? 2) Uma zingasebenzi kahle, yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe ukuzisiza ukuthi zisebenze kahle futhi ziveze imiphumela esebenza kahle kakhulu kubantu abaningi emphakathini?
Mayelana Nokungasebenzi Kwezinqubomgomo ZaseNigeria ngaseNiger Delta
Ukuhlolwa kwezinqumo ezinkulu zenqubomgomo ezithathwe ohulumeni bangaphambili nabamanje baseNigeria njengoba kwethulwe ngenhla, kanye nokungakwazi kwabo ukunikeza izixazululo ezisimeme ezinkingeni zaseNiger Delta kungaholela esiphethweni sokuthi lezi zinqubomgomo azisebenzi kahle. Ukube bezisebenza kahle, bezizokhipha imiphumela ephezulu ngezindleko eziphansi, kuyilapho zigwema ukuphindaphinda nokumosha isikhathi, imali nezinsiza ngokungadingekile. Uma osopolitiki kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo bebeka eceleni umbango wezepolitiki kanye nemikhuba yenkohlakalo bese besebenzisa umqondo wabo ojwayelekile, uhulumeni waseNigeria angakha izinqubomgomo ezingachemi ezingaphendula ngokwanele ezimfuno zabantu baseNiger Delta futhi zikhiqize imiphumela ehlala njalo ngisho nesabelomali esilinganiselwe nezinsizakusebenza. . Esikhundleni sokwenza izinqubomgomo ezisebenza kahle, ohulumeni bangaphambili kanye nohulumeni wamanje bachithe isikhathi esiningi, imali kanye nezinsiza, kanye nokuzibandakanya ekuphindaphindeni izinhlelo. UMengameli u-Buhari waqale wahlehlisa uhlelo lukashwele, wanciphisa isabelomali ukuze aqhubeke nokusebenza, futhi wazama ukusebenzisa ukungenelela kwamasosha e-Niger Delta - izinyathelo zenqubomgomo ezimqhelelanise nokuphatha kwangaphambilini. Izinqumo zenqubomgomo ezisheshayo ezifana nalezi zingabangela kuphela ukudideka esifundeni futhi zidale isikhala sokushuba kodlame.
Esinye isici okufanele sibhekwe wukubusa kwezinqubomgomo nezinhlelo eziklanyelwe ukubhekana nenkinga yaseNiger Delta, ukuhlola uwoyela, ukukhiqizwa kanye nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezu kweKhomishini Yokuthuthukiswa Kwase-Niger Delta (i-NDDC) kanye Nomnyango Wezindaba Zombuso Wezindaba Zase-Niger Delta, kubonakala sengathi kunezinye izikhungo eziningi ezidalwe kokubili emazingeni e-federal kanye nesifunda ukuze zengamele ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlalakahle yezomnotho kanye nemvelo esifundeni sase-Niger Delta. Nakuba i-Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) nezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo eziyishumi nanye kanye noMnyango Wezabasebenzi Wezinsiza Zephethiloli benegunya lokuxhumanisa ukuhlolwa kukawoyela negesi, ukukhiqizwa, ukuthekelisa, ukuthekelisa, ukulawula kanye nezinye izindawo eziningi zokuhleleka, futhi banezibopho zenhlangano yezenhlalo ngaphakathi kwe I-Niger Delta kanye namandla okuncoma nokusebenzisa izinguquko zenqubomgomo ezihlobene nowoyela negesi yaseNiger Delta. Futhi, abalingisi abayinhloko ngokwabo - izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe zikawoyela negesi - isibonelo, i-Shell, i-ExxonMobil, i-Elf, i-Agip, i-Chevron, njalonjalo, ngamunye wabo udale amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa umphakathi okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa izimpilo ze-Niger Deltans.
Ngayo yonke le mizamo, umuntu angabuza: kungani abantu bomdabu baseNiger Delta besakhononda? Uma besafuna ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho, ezemvelo, nezombangazwe, kusho ukuthi izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zokubhekana nalezi zinkinga kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa umphakathi eyenziwa izinkampani zikawoyela azisebenzi futhi azinele. Uma uhlelo lukashwele, ngokwesibonelo, lwaluklanyelwe ukuzuzisa kakhulu ababekade beyizidlamlilo, kuthiwani ngabantu bomdabu baseNiger Delta, izingane zabo, imfundo, indawo ezungezile, amanzi abathembele kuwo ukulima nokudoba, imigwaqo, ezempilo, nezinye izinto abathembele kuzo ukuze bathole usizo oluthe xaxa. ingathuthukisa inhlalakahle yabo? Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni kanye nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa umphakathi zezinkampani zikawoyela kufanele zisetshenziswe emazingeni aphansi ukuze kusizakale abantu abavamile esifundeni. Lezi zinhlelo kufanele zisetshenziswe ngendlela yokuthi ama-indigenes ajwayelekile ase-Niger Delta azozizwa enamandla futhi ehlanganisiwe. Ukuze kwakhiwe futhi kusetshenziswe izinqubomgomo eziphumelelayo ezizobhekana nokungqubuzana kwe-Niger Delta, kubalulekile ukuthi abenzi bezinqubomgomo baqale babone futhi bahlonze kanye nabantu base-Niger Delta ukuthi yini ebaluleke kakhulu kanye nabantu abafanele ukusebenza nabo.
Endleleni Eya Phambili
Ngaphezu kokuhlonza okubaluleke kakhulu kanye nabantu abalungile ongasebenza nabo ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubomgomo ngendlela efanele, ezinye izincomo ezibalulekile zinikezwa ngezansi.
- Okokuqala, abenzi bezinqubomgomo kufanele baqaphele ukuthi ukungqubuzana kwe-Niger Delta kunomlando omude osekelwe ekungabini nabulungisa kwezenhlalakahle, ezomnotho kanye nezemvelo.
- Okwesibili, uhulumeni kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza kufanele baqonde ukuthi imiphumela yenhlekelele yaseNiger Delta iphezulu futhi inomthelela omubi emnothweni waseNigeria kanye nasezimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe.
- Okwesithathu, izixazululo ezihlukene zokungqubuzana kweNiger Delta kufanele zilandelwe ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezempi.
- Okwesine, ngisho nalapho izikhulu zomthetho zisatshalaliswa ukuze zivikele izikhungo zikawoyela, kufanele zihambisane nenkambiso yokuziphatha ethi, "ungalimazi" izakhamuzi kanye nama-indigenes ase-Niger Delta.
- Okwesihlanu, uhulumeni kumele abuyise ukwethenjwa kanye nokuzethemba eNiger Deltans ngokufakazela kubo ukuthi uhulumeni usohlangothini lwabo ngokwakhiwa nokuqaliswa kwezinqubomgomo ezisebenza kahle.
- Okwesithupha, indlela ephumelelayo yokuxhumanisa izinhlelo ezikhona nezintsha kufanele zenziwe. Ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kokuqaliswa kohlelo kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi ama-indigenes ajwayelekile ase-Niger Delta ayazuza kulezi zinhlelo, hhayi nje iqembu elikhethiwe labantu abanethonya.
- Okwesikhombisa, umnotho waseNigeria kufanele uhlukaniswe ngokwenza nokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo ezizovuna imakethe yamahhala, kuyilapho kuvula umnyango wokutshala izimali, kanye nokwandiswa kweminye imikhakha efana nezolimo, ubuchwepheshe, ukukhiqiza, ukuzijabulisa, ukwakhiwa, ezokuthutha. (kuhlanganise nojantshi wesitimela), amandla ahlanzekile, nokunye okuqanjwe kabusha kwesimanje. Umnotho ohlukene uzonciphisa ukuncika kukahulumeni kuwoyela negesi, ukwehlisa izisusa zezepolitiki eziqhutshwa yimali kawoyela, uthuthukise inhlalakahle yezenhlalo nezomnotho yabo bonke abantu baseNigeria, futhi kuphumele ekukhuleni komnotho okuqhubekayo eNigeria.
Umbhali, UDkt. Basil Ugorji, unguMongameli kanye ne-CEO ye-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation. Uthole iPh.D. ekuhlaziyeni nasekuxazululeni izingxabano ezivela eMnyangweni Wezifundo Zokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano, Ikolishi Lezobuciko, Ezabantu Nesayensi Yezenhlalakahle, iNova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
