Ukuguqula Izingxabano Zobuhlanga Nokwakha Ukuthula Emapheshaneni aseChittagong Hill, Bangladesh

Abstract:

I-Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) ihlangabezane nezingxabano nodlame kuzo zombili izikhathi zamakholoni kanye nangemuva kobukoloni. Udlame lobuhlanga ngemuva kwenkululeko e-Bangladesh lukhona kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Ngaphandle kwesiphetho esisemthethweni sokungqubuzana kwezikhali phakathi kwebutho lezokuphepha lombuso kanye nombutho wokuthula wabantu bomdabu abanesivumelwano sokuthula ngo-1997, udlame phakathi kwezizwe zonke luyaqhubeka ku-CHT. Leli phepha lihlola izici eziphawulekayo zokungqubuzana kwe-CHT ngokusebenzisa imodeli ye-social cubism ngaphakathi kohlaka lokwakha ukuthula olubucayi nolukhululayo. Ukungqubuzana kwe-CHT kubangelwa ukuphucwa kwemiphakathi yendabuko emhlabeni wokhokho babo, ukuphucwa kwabantu bomdabu imikhuba yabo yendabuko nemvelo kanye nemvelo, kanye nokuthula phezu kwemilando yabo, izidingo kanye nobunikazi babo. Leli phepha liphikisa ukuthi ukungqubuzana kwe-CHT kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ngenxa yezinkinga ezihlangene ezidinga ukucatshangelwa ukuze kuguqulwe ukungqubuzana futhi kwakhiwe ukuthula endaweni ye-CHT yase-Bangladesh. Leli phepha linocwaningo olukhulu nemithelela yenqubomgomo yokwakha ukuthula okuguqukayo nokwakhayo e-CHT ngokubhekana nezimbangela eziningi zobudlova bezinhlanga obuqhubekayo.

Funda noma landa iphepha eligcwele:

Rahman, Aziz; U-Ali, Mohsin (2019). Ukuguqula Izingxabano Zobuhlanga Nokwakha Ukuthula Emapheshaneni aseChittagong Hill, Bangladesh

Ijenali Yokuphila Ndawonye, ​​6 (1), amakhasi 110-132, 2019, ISSN: 2373-6615 (Phrinta); 2373-6631 (Ku-inthanethi).

@Isihloko{Rahman2019
Isihloko = {Ukuguqula Izingxabano Zobuhlanga Nokwakha Ukuthula Emapheshaneni aseChittagong Hill, Bangladesh}
Umbhali = {U-Aziz Rahman no-Mohsin Ali }
I-Url = {https://icermediation.org/ethnic-conflict-in-bangladesh/}
I-ISSN = {2373-6615 (Phrinta); 2373-6631 (Ku-inthanethi)}
Unyaka = {2019}
Idethi = {2019-12-18}
Ijenali = {Journal of Living Together}
Ivolumu = {6}
Inombolo = {1}
Amakhasi = {110-132}
Umshicileli = {Isikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokulamula Kwe-Ethno-Religious}
Ikheli = {Mount Vernon, New York}
Uhlelo = {2019}.

Ungahlukıselana

Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

Izinkolo e-Igboland: Ukuhlukahluka, Ukufaneleka kanye Nokufaneleka

Inkolo ingesinye sezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho esinomthelela ongenakuphikwa esintwini noma kuphi emhlabeni. Njengoba kubukeka kungcwele, inkolo ayibalulekile nje kuphela ekuqondeni ukuba khona kwanoma iyiphi isibalo sabantu bomdabu kodwa iphinde ibe nokuhambisana nenqubomgomo ezimweni ezihlukene nezokuthuthuka. Ubufakazi bomlando kanye ne-ethnographic mayelana nokubonakaliswa okuhlukene kanye nezigaba zamagama zesenzakalo senkolo buningi. Isizwe sama-Igbo eNingizimu neNigeria, ezinhlangothini zombili zoMfula iNiger, singelinye lamaqembu amasiko osomabhizinisi abamnyama abakhulu kunawo wonke e-Afrika, anentshiseko yezenkolo engenakuphikiswa ehlanganisa intuthuko esimeme kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezizwe phakathi kwemingcele yaso yendabuko. Kodwa isimo sezenkolo sase-Igboland sishintsha njalo. Kuze kube ngu-1840, inkolo/izinkolo ezivelele zama-Igbo kwakungezomdabu noma zendabuko. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwamashumi amabili eminyaka kamuva, lapho umsebenzi wezithunywa zevangeli zobuKristu uqala endaweni, kwavulwa ibutho elisha elalizogcina lilungise kabusha inkolo yendabuko yendawo. UbuKristu bakhula baba mncane ukubusa kwakamuva. Ngaphambi kweminyaka eyikhulu yobuKristu e-Igboland, inkolo yobuSulumane kanye nezinye izinkolo ezingezona ezemvelo zavela ukuze ziqhudelane nezinkolo zomdabu zase-Igbo kanye nobuKristu. Leli phepha lilandelela ukuhlukahluka kwezenkolo kanye nokuhambisana kwakho nokusebenza ekuthuthukisweni okuvumelanayo e-Igboland. Idonsa idatha yayo emisebenzini eshicilelwe, izingxoxo, nezinto zobuciko. Iphikisana ngokuthi njengoba izinkolo ezintsha zivela, indawo yezenkolo yama-Igbo izoqhubeka nokuhlukahluka kanye/noma ukuzivumelanisa, noma ukuhlanganisa noma ukuhluka phakathi kwezinkolo ezikhona nezisafufusa, ukuze kuphile ama-Igbo.

Ungahlukıselana

Ukuguqulelwa ku-Islam kanye ne-Ethnic Nationalism e-Malaysia

Leli phepha liyingxenye yephrojekthi enkulu yocwaningo egxile ekukhuleni kobuzwe baseMalay kanye nokuphakama eMalaysia. Nakuba ukwanda kobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, leli phepha ligxile ngokukhethekile emthethweni wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane e-Malaysia kanye nokuthi ingabe uqinise noma cha imizwa yobukhulu bobuzwe baseMalay. IMalaysia iyizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi futhi elinezinkolo eziningi elathola inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kumaBritish. Abantu baseMalay beyisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke bebelokhu bebheka inkolo yobuSulumane njengengxenye nengxenye yobuntu babo obubehlukanisa nezinye izizwe ezalethwa ezweni ngesikhathi sombuso wamakoloni wamaNgisi. Nakuba inkolo yobuSulumane iyinkolo esemthethweni, uMthethosisekelo uvumela ukuba ezinye izinkolo zenziwe ngokuthula abantu baseMalaysia okungewona amaMalay, okungamaShayina namaNdiya. Kodwa-ke, umthetho wamaSulumane olawula imishado yamaSulumane eMalaysia ugunyaze ukuthi abangewona amaSulumane kumele baguqukele ku-Islam uma befisa ukushada namaSulumane. Kuleli phepha, ngiphikisa ukuthi umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane usetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuqinisa imizwa yobuzwe baseMalay eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqoqwa ngokusekelwe ezingxoxweni namaSulumane aseMalay ashade nabangewona amaMalay. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi iningi labantu okwaxoxwa nabo baseMalay babheka ukuguqukela ku-Islam njengokubalulekile njengoba kudingwa yinkolo yamaSulumane nomthetho wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi abasiboni isizathu sokuthi kungani abantu abangewona amaMalay bengafuni ukuguqukela enkolweni yobuSulumane, njengoba ngesikhathi somshado, izingane zizothathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengamaMalay njengokusho koMthethosisekelo, nawo oza nesimo namalungelo. Imibono yabangewona amaMalay abaguqukele ku-Islam yayisekelwe ezingxoxweni zesibili eziye zenziwa ezinye izazi. Njengoba ukuba umSulumane kuhlotshaniswa nokuba umMalay, abantu abaningi abangewona amaMalay abaguqukile bazizwa bephucwe umuzwa wabo wenkolo nobuzwe, futhi bazizwa becindezelwa ukuba bamukele isiko lamaMalay. Nakuba ukushintsha umthetho wokuguqulwa kungase kube nzima, izingxoxo ezivulekile zokuhlangana kwezinkolo ezikoleni nasezimbonini zomphakathi kungase kube isinyathelo sokuqala sokubhekana nale nkinga.

Ungahlukıselana