Ukuhlola Ubudlelwano Phakathi Komkhiqizo Wasekhaya Ophelele (GDP) kanye Nenani Lokufa Elibangelwa Izingxabano Zenkolo E-Ethno-Nigeria
Abstract:
Leli phepha lihlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye nenani lokufa elibangelwa izingxabano zenkolo e-Nigeria. Iyahlaziya ukuthi ukwanda kokukhula komnotho kuqinisa kanjani izingxabano ze-ethno-religious, kuyilapho ukwehla kokukhula komnotho kuhlotshaniswa nokunciphisa izingxabano ze-ethno-religious. Ukuthola ubudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kwezingxabano ze-ethno-religious kanye nokukhula komnotho waseNigeria, leli phepha lamukela indlela yocwaningo lobuningi lisebenzisa Ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-GDP kanye nenani lokufa. Idatha ngamanani okufa yatholwa ku-Nigeria Security Tracker ngoMkhandlu Wezobudlelwane Bangaphandle; Idatha ye-GDP yaqoqwa ngeBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-Trading Economics. Le datha yaqoqwa phakathi neminyaka engu-2011 kuya ku-2019. Imiphumela etholiwe ibonisa ukuthi izingxabano ze-ethno-religious e-Nigeria zinobudlelwane obuhle obubalulekile ekukhuleni komnotho; ngakho-ke, izindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lobumpofu zithambekele kakhulu ezingxabanweni ze-ethno-religious. Ubufakazi bokuhlobana okuhle phakathi kwe-GDP kanye nenani lokufa kulolu cwaningo bubonisa ukuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe lungenziwa ukuze kutholakale izixazululo zalezi zimo.
Landa Lesi sihloko
Isiphakamiso Esiphakanyisiwe:
Marafa, YA (2022). Ihlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwesamba somkhiqizo wasekhaya (GDP) kanye nenani lokufa elibangelwa izingxabano zenkolo e-Nigeria. Ijenali Yokuphila Ndawonye, 7(1), i-58-69.
Ulwazi lwe-athikili:
@Isihloko{Marafa2022}
Isihloko = {Ukuhlola Ubudlelwano Phakathi Komkhiqizo Wasekhaya Omkhulu (i-GDP) kanye Nenani Lokufa Elibangelwa Izingxabano Ze-Ethno-Religious e-Nigeria}
Umbhali = {Yusuf Adam Marafa}
I-Url = {https://icermediation.org/examining-the-relationship-between-gross-domestic-product-gdp-and-the-death-toll-resulting-from-ethno-religious-conflicts-in-nigeria/}
I-ISSN = {2373-6615 (Phrinta); 2373-6631 (Ku-inthanethi)}
Unyaka = {2022}
Idethi = {2022-12-18}
Ijenali = {Journal of Living Together}
Ivolumu = {7}
Inombolo = {1}
Amakhasi = {58-69}
Umshicileli = {Isikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokulamula Kwe-Ethno-Religious}
Ikheli = {White Plains, New York}
Uhlelo = {2022}.
Isingeniso
Amazwe amaningi abhekene nezingxabano ezihlukahlukene, kanti eNigeria, izingxabano zezizwe nenkolo zibe nomthelela ekucekeleni phansi kwesimiso somnotho wezwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlalakahle yezomnotho emphakathini waseNigeria kuthinteke kakhulu izingxabano zenkolo. Ukulahlekelwa kwemiphefumulo yabantu abangenacala kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okungekuhle kwenhlalo-mnotho yezwe ngokutshalwa kwezimali okumbalwa kwamanye amazwe okungase kugqugquzele ukukhula komnotho (Genyi, 2017). Ngokufanayo, ezinye izingxenye zeNigeria bezilokhu zinezingxabano ezinkulu ngenxa yobumpofu; ngakho ukuntengantenga komnotho kubangela udlame ezweni. Izwe lihlangabezane nezimo ezixakile ngenxa yalezi zingxabano zenkolo, ezithinta ukuthula, ukuzinza nokuvikeleka.
Izingxabano zenkolo ye-Ethno emazweni ahlukene, njengeGhana, iNiger, i-Djibouti, ne-Côte d'Ivoire, zithinte izinhlaka zabo zenhlalo-mnotho. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi ukungqubuzana kuyimbangela yokuqala yokuntula kwentuthuko emazweni asathuthuka (Iyoboyi, 2014). Ngakho-ke, iNigeria ingelinye lalawo mazwe abhekene nezinkinga zezepolitiki ezinamandla ngokuhlukana kobuhlanga, ezenkolo kanye nezifunda. INigeria ingelinye lamazwe ahlukene phakathi emhlabeni ngokwezinhlanga nenkolo, futhi inomlando omude wokungabi nazinzo nezingxabano zezenkolo. INigeria ibe yikhaya lamaqembu ezizwe eziningi kusukela ngesikhathi ithola inkululeko ngo-1960; cishe izizwe ezingama-400 zihlala lapho kanye namaqembu enkolo amaningana (Gamba, 2019). Abantu abaningi baphikisene ngokuthi njengoba izingxabano eziphathelene nenkolo eNigeria zincipha, umnotho wezwe uzokhula. Nokho, ukuhlola eduze kubonisa ukuthi kokubili okuguquguqukayo kuhambisana ngokuqondile. Leli phepha liphenya ubudlelwano phakathi kwezimo zezenhlalo nezomnotho zaseNigeria kanye nezingxabano zenkolo eziholela ekufeni kwezakhamizi ezingenacala.
Okubili okuguquguqukayo okufundwe kuleli phepha kwakuyi-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye ne-Death Toll. I-Gross Domestic Product iyisamba semali noma inani lemakethe lezimpahla namasevisi akhiqizwa umnotho wezwe unyaka owodwa. Isetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ukukhombisa impilo yezomnotho yezwe (Bondarenko, 2017). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani labafayo libhekisela “enani labantu abafa ngenxa yesigameko esifana nempi noma ingozi” (Cambridge Dictionary, 2020). Ngakho-ke, leli phepha lixoxe ngenani lokufa elibangelwa izingxabano zenkolo eNigeria, ngenkathi lihlola ubudlelwano bayo nokukhula komnotho wezwe.
Ukubuyekeza incwadi
Izingxabano Zobuzwe kanye Nezobuzwe Nezenkolo eNigeria
Izingxabano zezenkolo iNigeria ebibhekene nazo kusukela ngo-1960 azikalawuleki njengoba isibalo sokufa kwabantu abangenacala sikhula. Izwe linokwanda kokungavikeleki, ubumpofu obudlulele, kanye namazinga aphezulu okuntuleka kwemisebenzi; ngakho-ke, izwe likude nokuzuza ukuchuma kwezomnotho (Gamba, 2019). Izingxabano zenkolo ye-Ethno zinezindleko ezinkulu emnothweni waseNigeria njengoba zinomthelela ekushintshashintsheni, ukuhlakazeka, nokuhlakazeka komnotho (Çancı & Odukoya, 2016).
Ubunikazi bobuhlanga buwumthombo onamandla kakhulu wobunikazi eNigeria, futhi amaqembu amakhulu ezizwe ama-Igbo ahlala esifundeni esiseningizimu-mpumalanga, amaYoruba eningizimu-ntshonalanga, kanye namaHausa-Fulani enyakatho. Ukusatshalaliswa kwezizwe eziningi kunomthelela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zikahulumeni njengoba ipolitiki yobuzwe ineqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe (Gamba, 2019). Nokho, amaqembu enkolo adala izinkinga eziningi kunamaqembu ezizwe. Izinkolo ezimbili ezinkulu inkolo yobuSulumane enyakatho neyobuKristu eningizimu. UGenyi (2017) wagqamisa ukuthi “ukubaluleka kobunikazi bobuhlanga nenkolo kwezepolitiki nezinkulumo zezwe eNigeria kusalokhu kugqama kuzo zonke izigaba emlandweni wezwe” (ikhasi 137). Ngokwesibonelo, amasosha asenyakatho afuna ukusebenzisa inkolo yenkolo yamaSulumane esebenzisa incazelo ejulile ye-Islam. Ngakho-ke, ukuguqulwa kwezolimo kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kokubusa kungase kwamukele isithembiso sokuthuthukisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwezizwe nezinkolo ezihlukene (Genyi, 2017).
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezingxabano ze-Ethno-Religious kanye nokukhula komnotho eNigeria
UJohn Smith Uzokwethula umqondo wokuthi "i-plural centric" ukuze aqonde inkinga ye-ethno-religious (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Lo mqondo wamukelwa ngekhulu le-17, futhi u-JS Furnivall, isazi sezomnotho saseBrithani, wawuthuthukisa ngokwengeziwe (Taras & Ganguly, 2016). Namuhla, le ndlela ichaza ukuthi umphakathi ohlukene ngokusondelana ubonakala ngokuncintisana kwamahhala kwezomnotho futhi ubonisa ukuntuleka kobudlelwane bokuzwana. Kulokhu, inkolo eyodwa noma iqembu lesizwe lihlala lisakaza ukwesaba ukubuswa. Kunemibono eyahlukene mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kokukhula komnotho kanye nezingxabano zenkolo. ENigeria, kuyinkimbinkimbi ukuhlonza noma iyiphi inhlekelele yobuzwe engazange iphele ezingxabanweni zezenkolo. Ubandlululo lobuhlanga nenkolo luholela ebuzwe, lapho amalungu eqembu ngalinye lenkolo efisa igunya phezu kwepolitiki yomzimba (Genyi, 2017). Enye yezimbangela zezingxabano zenkolo eNigeria ukungabekezelelani ngokwenkolo (Ugorji, 2017). Amanye amaSulumane awakuboni ukuba semthethweni kobuKristu, kanti amanye amaKrestu awabuboni ubuSulumane njengenkolo esemthethweni, okuholele ekutheni iqembu ngalinye lezenkolo libe nenkohlakalo eqhubekayo (Salawu, 2010).
Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, udlame, nokungabi nabulungisa kuvela ngenxa yokungavikeleki okwandayo ngenxa yezingxabano ze-ethno-religious (Alegbeleye, 2014). Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba ingcebo yomhlaba wonke yanda, izinga lezingxabano emiphakathini nalo liyakhula. Cishe abantu abayizigidi eziyi-18.5 bafa phakathi kuka-1960 no-1995 ngenxa yezingxabano zenkolo emazweni asathuthuka e-Afrika nase-Asia (Iyoboyi, 2014). Mayelana neNigeria, lezi zingxabano zenkolo zilimaza intuthuko yezomnotho nezenhlalakahle yesizwe. Ubutha obuqhubekayo phakathi kwamaSulumane namaKrestu buye banciphisa umkhiqizo wesizwe futhi buvimbele ukuhlanganiswa kwesizwe (Nwaomah, 2011). Izingqinamba zezenhlalo nezomnotho ezweni seziqubule izingxabano ezinzima phakathi kwamaSulumane namaKrestu, ezifaka yonke imikhakha yezomnotho; lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkinga zenhlalo-mnotho ziyimbangela yezingxabano zenkolo (Nwaomah, 2011).
Izingxabano ze-Ethno-religious eNigeria zivimba ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezomnotho ezweni futhi ziphakathi kwezimbangela eziphambili zenkinga yezomnotho (Nwaomah, 2011). Lezi zingxabano zithinta umnotho waseNigeria ngokudala ukungavikeleki, ukungathembani, nokucwasana. Izingxabano zezenkolo zinciphisa ithuba lokutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphakathi nangaphandle (Lenshie, 2020). Ukungavikeleki kukhulisa ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nokungaqiniseki okuphazamisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe; ngaleyo ndlela, isizwe sincishwa intuthuko yezomnotho. Umthelela wezinkinga zenkolo usabalale ezweni lonke futhi uphazamisa ukuzwana komphakathi (Ugorji, 2017).
Izingxabano ze-Ethno-Religious, Ubumpofu, kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Komphakathi Nomnotho
Umnotho waseNigeria uncike kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kukawoyela negesi. Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye emali etholwayo yaseNigeria aphuma ekuhwebeni kukawoyela ongahluziwe. INigeria yaba nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho ngemuva kwempi yombango, eyaxazulula izingxabano zenkolo ngokwehlisa izinga lobumpofu ezweni (Lenshie, 2020). Ubumpofu buyi-multidimensional eNigeria njengoba abantu behileleka ezingxabanweni ze-ethno-zenkolo ukuze bathole indlela yokuziphilisa (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kuyanda esizweni, futhi ukwanda kokuthuthukiswa komnotho kungasiza ekunciphiseni ububha. Ukuthutheleka kwemali eningi kunganikeza izakhamizi ithuba lokuhlala ngokuthula emphakathini wazo (Iyoboyi, 2014). Lokhu kuzosiza futhi ekwakhiweni kwezikole nezibhedlela ezingase zichezukise intsha edla lubi iye ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi (Olusakin, 2006).
Kukhona ukungqubuzana kwemvelo ehlukile kuzo zonke izifunda zaseNigeria. Isifunda saseDelta sibhekene nezingxabano phakathi kwezinhlanga zaso mayelana nokulawulwa kwezinsiza (Amiara et al., 2020). Lezi zingxabano zisongele ukuzinza kwesifunda futhi zibe nomthelela omubi kakhulu entsheni ehlala kuleyo ndawo. Esifundeni esisenyakatho, kukhona izingxabano zenkolo nezingxabano ezahlukahlukene ngamalungelo omhlaba womuntu ngamunye (Nnabuihe & Onwuzuruigbo, 2019). Engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda, abantu babhekene namazinga amaningi okuhlukaniswa ngenxa yokubusa kwezepolitiki kwamaqembu ambalwa (Amiara et al., 2020). Ngakho-ke, ubumpofu namandla kunomthelela ezingxabanweni kulezi zindawo, futhi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kunganciphisa lezi zingxabano.
Izingxabano zezenhlalakahle nezenkolo eNigeria nazo zibangelwa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi nobumpofu, okunokuxhumana okuqinile futhi okunomthelela ezingxabanweni ze-ethno-religious (Salawu, 2010). Izinga lobumpofu liphezulu enyakatho ngenxa yezingxabano zenkolo nezenhlalo (Ugorji, 2017; Genyi, 2017). Ukwengeza, izindawo zasemakhaya zinemibhikisho eminingi yenkolo nobumpofu, okuholela ekutheni amabhizinisi athuthele kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika (Etim et al., 2020). Lokhu kunomthelela omubi ekudaleni amathuba emisebenzi kuleli.
Izingxabano ze-Ethno-Religious zinemiphumela engemihle ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseNigeria, okwenza izwe lingakhangi kangako ekutshalweni kwezimali. Naphezu kokuba namachibi amakhulu emithombo yemvelo, izwe lisasilela ngokomnotho ngenxa yeziphazamiso zalo zangaphakathi (Abdulkadir, 2011). Izindleko zezomnotho zezingxabano eNigeria zinkulu kakhulu ngenxa yomlando omude wezingxabano zenkolo. Kube nokwehla kwemikhuba yokuhwebelana phakathi kwezizwe ezihlukene phakathi kwezizwe ezibalulekile, futhi lokhu kuhweba kuwumthombo oyinhloko wokuziphilisa ngenani elikhulu labantu (Amiara et al., 2020). Ingxenye esenyakatho yeNigeria iyona ehamba phambili ngokuphakela izimvu, u-anyanisi, ubhontshisi notamatisi engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezingxabano ze-ethno-religious, ukuthuthwa kwalezi zimpahla kwehlile. Abalimi basenyakatho baphinde babhekane namahlebezi okuthi banempahla enoshevu edayiselwa abantu baseningizimu. Zonke lezi zimo ziphazamisa ukuhweba okunokuthula phakathi kwezifunda ezimbili (Odoh et al., 2014).
Kunenkululeko yenkolo eNigeria, okusho ukuthi ayikho inkolo eyodwa. Ngakho, ukuba nomKristu noma umbuso wamaSulumane akuyona inkululeko engokwenkolo ngoba kubeka inkolo ethile. Ukuhlukaniswa kombuso nenkolo kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe izingxabano zenkolo zangaphakathi (Odoh et al., 2014). Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokugcwala okukhulu kwamaSulumane namaKrestu ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zezwe, inkululeko yezenkolo ayanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthula (Etim et al., 2020).
INigeria inezinsiza zemvelo eziningi kanye nabantu, futhi izwe linamaqembu ezizwe angama-400 (Salawu, 2010). Noma kunjalo, izwe libhekene nezinga elikhulu lobumpofu ngenxa yezingxabano zalo zangaphakathi eziphathelene nenkolo. Lezi zingxabano zithinta izimpilo zomuntu ngamunye futhi zehlisa ukukhiqiza kwezomnotho waseNigeria. Izingxabano ze-Ethno-religious zithinta yonke imikhakha yezomnotho, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi iNigeria ibe nokuthuthukiswa komnotho ngaphandle kokulawula izingxabano zomphakathi nezenkolo (Nwaomah, 2011). Isibonelo, ukuvukela kwezenhlalo nezenkolo nakho kuthinte ezokuvakasha ezweni. Kulezi zinsuku, inani labavakashi abavakashela eNigeria liphansi kakhulu uma liqhathaniswa namanye amazwe akulesi sifunda (Achimugu et al., 2020). Lezi zinkinga ziyikhungathekise intsha futhi ziyihilela odlameni. Izinga lokungasebenzi kwentsha liyanda ngokunyuka kwezingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo eNigeria (Odoh et al., 2014).
Abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ngenxa yemali yabantu, eye yandisa izinga lentuthuko, mancane amathuba okuthi amazwe alulame ekuwohlokeni komnotho ngokushesha (Audu et al., 2020). Kodwa-ke, ukwenyuka kwamanani ezimpahla kungase kube nomthelela hhayi ekuchumeni kwabantu baseNigeria kuphela, kodwa futhi kunciphise ukungqubuzana phakathi. Ukwenza izinguquko ezinhle ekuthuthukisweni komnotho kunganciphisa izingxabano ngemali, umhlaba, nezinsiza kakhulu (Achimugu et al., 2020).
Indlela yokusebenzisa
Inqubo kanye nendlela/Ithiyori
Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise indlela yocwaningo lobuningi, i-Bivariate Pearson Correlation. Ngokukhethekile, ukuhlobana phakathi kwe-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye nenani lokufa elibangelwe yizinkinga zenkolo e-Nigeria kwahlolisiswa. Idatha yango-2011 kuya ku-2019 yoMkhiqizo Wasekhaya Ephelele yaqoqwa ku-Trading Economics kanye neBhange Lomhlaba, kuyilapho idatha yezibalo zabashonile eNigeria ngenxa yezingxabano zenkolo yaqoqwa ku-Nigeria Security Tracker ngaphansi koMkhandlu Wezobudlelwano Nangaphandle. Idatha yalolu cwaningo iqoqwe kusuka emithonjeni yesibili ethembekile eyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuthola ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu okuguquguqukayo okubili kwalolu cwaningo, kwasetshenziswa ithuluzi lokuhlaziya izibalo le-SPSS.
I-Bivariate Pearson Correlation ikhiqiza isampula yokuhlanganisa i-coefficient, r, ekala amandla nesiqondiso sobudlelwano bomugqa phakathi kwamapheya okuguquguquka okuqhubekayo (Kent State, 2020). Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuleli phepha i-Bivariate Pearson Correlation isize ukuhlola ubufakazi bezibalo bobudlelwano bomugqa phakathi kwamapheya afanayo okuguquguquka esibalweni sabantu, okuyi-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye Nenani Lokufa. Ngakho-ke, ukuthola ukuhlolwa kokubaluleka okunemisila emibili, i-null hypothesis (H0) kanye nenye inkolelo-mbono (H1) kokuhlolwa kokubaluleka kokuhlobana kuvezwa njengokuqagela okulandelayo, lapho ρ i-coefficient yokuhlobana kwabantu:
- H0: ρ= 0 ikhombisa ukuthi i-coefficient yokuxhumanisa (i-Gross Domestic Product kanye Nenani Lokufa) ngu-0; okusho ukuthi akukho nhlangano.
- H1: ρ≠ 0 ikhombisa ukuthi i-coefficient yokuhlobanisa (i-Gross Domestic Domestic Toll and Death) ayikona u-0; okusho ukuthi kukhona inhlangano.
Idatha
Ithebula 1: Imithombo yedatha evela ku-Trading Economics/World Bank (Gross Domestic Product); I-Nigeria Security Tracker ngaphansi koMkhandlu Wezobudlelwano Bangaphandle (Ukufa).
Umfanekiso 1. Inani lokufa kwe-Ethno-Religious by States eNigeria kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2019
Umfanekiso 2. Inani lokufa kwe-Ethno-Religious by Geopolitical Zones eNigeria kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2019
Imiphumela
Imiphumela yokuhlobana iphakamise ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kwe-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye nenani lokufa (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05). Lokhu kusho ukuthi okuguquguqukayo okubili kuhambisana ngokuqondile; noma kunjalo, ukukhula kwenani labantu kungase kube nomthelela ngandlela thize. Ngakho-ke, njengoba i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yaseNigeria ikhula, inani lokufa ngenxa yezingxabano ze-ethno-religious liyanda (Bheka Ithebula 3). Idatha eguquguqukayo iqoqwe ngonyaka ka-2011 kuya ku-2019.
Ithebula 2: Lokhu kunikeza isifinyezo sisonke sedatha, okufaka ingqikithi yenani lezinto/okuguquguqukayo ngakunye, kanye nokuchezuka okumaphakathi nokujwayelekile kwe-Nigerian Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye nenani lokufa leminyaka esetshenziswe ocwaningweni.
Ithebula 3. Ukuhlobana kweposi phakathi kwe-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye Nenani Lokufa (APA: r(9) = 0.766, p <.05).
Lena imiphumela yangempela yokuhlobana. I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yaseNigeria kanye nedatha ye-Death Toll yenziwe ikhompuyutha futhi yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yezibalo ye-SPSS. Imiphumela ingavezwa kanje:
- Ukuhlobana Kwesamba Somkhiqizo Wasekhaya (i-GDP) nayo ngokwayo (r=1), kanye nenani lokubhekwa okungaphuthi kwe-GDP (n=9).
- Ukuhlobana Kwe-GDP kanye Nenani Lokufa (r=0.766), okusekelwe ekubonweni okungu-n=9 okuhambisana namanani angaphuthi ngokubili.
- I-Correlation of Death Toll nayo ngokwayo (r=1), kanye nenani lokubhekwa okungaphuthi kwesisindo (n=9).
Ishadi 1. Ishadi le-scatterplot libonisa ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kwezinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo, I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye Nenani Lokufa. Imigqa edalwe kusukela kudatha inomthamo omuhle. Ngakho-ke, kunobudlelwano obuhle phakathi kwe-GDP kanye nenani lokufa.
Ingxoxo
Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, kungaphethwa ngokuthi:
- I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye ne-Death Toll inobudlelwano obubalulekile ngokwezibalo (p <.05).
- Isiqondiso sobudlelwano sihle, okusho ukuthi Isamba Somkhiqizo Wasekhaya (i-GDP) kanye Nenani Lokufa kuhlobene. Kulokhu, lezi zimo zivame ukukhula ndawonye (okungukuthi, i-GDP enkulu ihlotshaniswa nenani lokufa elikhulu).
- U-R oyisikwele wenhlangano cishe umaphakathi (.3 < | r | <.5).
Lolu cwaningo luphenye ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhula komnotho njengoba kukhonjiswe yiGross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye nezingxabano zenkolo nenkolo, ezaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangenacala. Isamba sesamba soMkhiqizo Wasekhaya WaseNigeria (GDP) kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2019 singu-$4,035,000,000,000, kanti amanani abashonile avela ezifundazweni ezingu-36 kanye ne-Federal Capital Territory (FCT) angu-63,771. Ngokuphambene nombono wokuqala womcwaningi, okwakuwukuthi njengoba I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ikhuphuka inani lokufa lizoncishiswa (ngokuphambene ngokuphambene), lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi kunobudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwezici zenhlalo-mnotho kanye nenani lokufa. Lokhu kukhombise ukuthi njengoba i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ikhula, inani labashonile nalo liyakhula (Ishadi lesi-2).
Ishadi lesi-2: Ukumelwa okunemifanekiso kobudlelwane obulinganayo obuqondile phakathi kwe-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) kanye nenani labashonile base-Nigeria kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2019. Umugqa oluhlaza umele I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP), kanti ulayini owolintshi umelela inani labashonile. Kusukela kugrafu, umcwaningi angabona ukukhuphuka nokuwa kweziguquguquko ezimbili njengoba zihamba kanyekanye zibheke endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kubonisa ukuhlobana okuhle njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula lesi-3.
Ishadi laklanywa uFrank Swiontek.
Izincomo, Incazelo, Isiphetho
Lolu cwaningo lubonisa ukuhlobana phakathi kwezingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo nokuthuthukiswa komnotho eNigeria, njengoba kusekelwa izincwadi. Uma izwe likhulisa ukuthuthukiswa kwalo komnotho futhi lilinganisela isabelomali sonyaka kanye nezinsiza phakathi kwezifunda, amathuba okunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwe-ethno-religious angaba phezulu. Uma uhulumeni eqinisa izinqubo zawo futhi elawula amaqembu ezizwe nezinkolo, khona-ke izingxabano zangaphakathi zingalawuleka. Kudingeka izinguquko zenqubomgomo ukuze kulawulwe izindaba zobuzwe nezenkolo zezwe, futhi uhulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga kufanele aqinisekise ukuqaliswa kwalezi zinguquko. Inkolo akufanele isetshenziswe kabi, futhi abaholi bezenkolo kufanele bafundise umphakathi ukwamukelana. Intsha akufanele ingene odlameni olwenzeka ngenxa yezingxabano zobuzwe nezenkolo. Wonke umuntu kufanele athole ithuba lokuba yingxenye yezinhlaka zezombusazwe zezwe, futhi uhulumeni akufanele abele izinsiza ngokulandela izinhlanga ezikhethwayo. Ikharikhulamu yezemfundo kufanele nayo ishintshwe, futhi uhulumeni kufanele afake isihloko esimayelana nezibopho zomphakathi. Abafundi kufanele balwazi udlame kanye nomthelela walo ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlalo-mnotho. Uhulumeni kumele akwazi ukuheha abatshalizimali abaningi kuleli ukuze akwazi ukunqoba izinkinga zomnotho wezwe.
Uma iNigeria inciphisa ubunzima bayo bezomnotho, kuzoba namathuba amakhulu okunciphisa izingxabano zenkolo. Ukuqonda imiphumela yocwaningo, okubonisa ukuthi kukhona ukuhlobana phakathi kwezingxabano ze-ethno-zenkolo nokukhula komnotho, izifundo zesikhathi esizayo zingenziwa ukuze kuphakanyiswe iziphakamiso zezindlela zokufinyelela ukuthula nentuthuko esimeme eNigeria.
Izimbangela eziphambili zezingxabano kube ubuzwe nenkolo, futhi izingxabano ezinkulu zezenkolo eNigeria ziye zathinta ukuphila kwezenhlalo, ezomnotho, nezombusazwe. Lezi zingxabano ziye zaphazamisa ukuzwana komphakathi emiphakathini yaseNigeria futhi zayenza yancishwa ngokwezomnotho. Udlame olubangelwa ukungezwani kwezinhlanga nezingxabano zezenkolo kucekele phansi ukuthula, ukuchuma, nokuthuthukiswa komnotho eNigeria.
Okubhekwayo
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