Inqola yokuthenga

Akukho imikhiqizo in the inqola.

Inqola yokuthenga

Akukho imikhiqizo in the inqola.

Icala lase-Gambia v. Myanmar

I-ICERM April 14, 2022

Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, ukulalelwa kwezikhalazo zomphakathi kwaqala eHague ecaleni elithi The Gambia v. Myanmar eNkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe. I-Gambia yafaka icala ngokumelene nohulumeni waseMyanmar ngo-2019, ithi izwe laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia lephule i-Convention on the Prevention and Punishment on the Crime of Genocide, isivumelwano esisayinwe amazwe angu-152, kuhlanganise neMyanmar. IGambia ithi udlame lwaseMyanmar olubhekiswe kwidlanzana layo lamaRohingya luphula isivumelwano.

Izwe laseMyanmar ngokomlando liye lakhipha inyumbazane futhi lashushisa amaRohingya, libenqabela ukuba yisakhamuzi, kodwa kusukela ngo-2016, ukuhlasela okuvame ukusekelwa amasosha kubantu baseRohingya kwabangela ukufudukela kwabantu abaningi ezweni elingumakhelwane iBangladesh. Izenzo zamasosha aseMyanmar ziye zachazwa njengokuhlanzwa kohlanga noma ukuqothulwa kohulumeni abaningi.

Ukuqala kokuqulwa kwamacala enkantolo kuza ngemuva konyaka amasosha aseMyanmar athatha izintambo kuhulumeni wakuleliya lizwe amvalela ejele umholi wawo, u-Aung Saan Suu Kyi, osethole ukugxekwa ngokuthula kwakhe ekuhlaseleni kwamasosha amaRohingya.

Imibhalo yokuqulwa kwamacala ingatholakala kuwebhusayithi Yenkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe: https://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/178

Udaba olunolwazi oluvela kwaHuman Rights Watch olwashicilelwa ngoFebhuwari luyatholakala kuleli khasi: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/14/developments-gambias-case-against-myanmar-international-court-justice

I-ICERM Briefing Myanmar

Landa i-Briefing

I-Gambia v. Myanmar: Isifinyezo Sokungqubuzana.
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I-ICERM

Izihloko ezihlobene Nalesi

Yazidi

Ukwakha Imiphakathi Eqinile: Izindlela Zokuziphendulela Okugxile Ezinganeni Zomphakathi Wase-Yazidi Ngemva Kokubulawa Kohlanga (2014)

Lolu cwaningo lugxile ezindleleni ezimbili lapho izindlela zokuziphendulela zingase zilandelwe emphakathini wase-Yazidi ngemuva kokubulawa kohlanga: ukwahlulela nokungakhethi. Ubulungiswa besikhathi esidlule yithuba eliyingqayizivele langemva kwenhlekelele lokusekela uguquko lomphakathi kanye nokugqugquzela umuzwa wokuqina nethemba ngokusebenzisa amasu, ukwesekwa kwezinhlangothi eziningi. Ayikho indlela 'yobukhulu obulingana bonke' kulezi zinhlobo zezinqubo, futhi leli phepha licabangela izici ezihlukahlukene ezibalulekile ekusunguleni isisekelo sendlela ephumelelayo yokungagcini nje ngokubamba amalungu e-Islamic State of Iraq kanye ne-Levant (ISIL) abaphendule ngobugebengu babo obubhekiswe esintwini, kodwa ukunika amandla amalungu e-Yazidi, ikakhulukazi izingane, ukubuyisela umuzwa wokuzimela nokuphepha. Ngokwenza kanjalo, abacwaningi babeka izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe zezibopho zamalungelo abantu ezingane, becacisa ukuthi yiziphi ezifanele ezimweni zase-Iraqi naseKurdish. Bese, ngokuhlaziya izifundo ezitholwe ocwaningweni lwezimo ezifanayo e-Sierra Leone nase-Liberia, ucwaningo luncoma izindlela zokuziphendulela zezinhlanga ezahlukene ezigxile ekukhuthazeni ukubamba iqhaza kwezingane kanye nokuvikela ngaphakathi komongo we-Yazidi. Kunikezwe izindlela eziqondile izingane ezingabamba iqhaza ngazo futhi okufanele zibambe iqhaza. Izingxoxo e-Iraqi Kurdistan nezingane eziyisikhombisa ezisinde ekuthunjweni kwe-ISIL zivumele ama-akhawunti azibonela mathupha ukwazisa izikhala zamanje ekunakekeleni izidingo zabo zangemva kokuthunjwa, futhi zaholela ekwakhiweni kwamaphrofayili amasosha e-ISIL, axhumanisa abasolwa ngokuba yizigebengu nokwephulwa okuthile komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Lobu bufakazi bunikeza ukuqonda okuyingqayizivele kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabasindile be-Yazidi abasha, futhi uma kuhlaziywa ngokwenkolo, umphakathi kanye nezimo zesifunda, kunikeza ukucaca ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo eziphelele. Abacwaningi banethemba lokudlulisa umuzwa wokuphuthuma ekusunguleni izindlela ezisebenzayo zobulungiswa bezinguquko zomphakathi we-Yazidi, futhi bacele abalingisi abathile, kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ukuthi usebenzise amandla okuphatha umhlaba wonke futhi ukhuthaze ukusungulwa kweKhomishana Yeqiniso Nokubuyisana (TRC) njengenhlangano indlela engajezisi yokuhlonipha okuhlangenwe nakho kuka-Yazidis, konke kuyilapho kuhlonishwa ulwazi lwengane.

Ungahlukıselana
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Ukuguqulwa

Ukuguqulelwa ku-Islam kanye ne-Ethnic Nationalism e-Malaysia

Leli phepha liyingxenye yephrojekthi enkulu yocwaningo egxile ekukhuleni kobuzwe baseMalay kanye nokuphakama eMalaysia. Nakuba ukwanda kobuzwe baseMalay kungabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, leli phepha ligxile ngokukhethekile emthethweni wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane e-Malaysia kanye nokuthi ingabe uqinise noma cha imizwa yobukhulu bobuzwe baseMalay. IMalaysia iyizwe elinezinhlanga eziningi futhi elinezinkolo eziningi elathola inkululeko yalo ngo-1957 kumaBritish. Abantu baseMalay beyisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke bebelokhu bebheka inkolo yobuSulumane njengengxenye nengxenye yobuntu babo obubehlukanisa nezinye izizwe ezalethwa ezweni ngesikhathi sombuso wamakoloni wamaNgisi. Nakuba inkolo yobuSulumane iyinkolo esemthethweni, uMthethosisekelo uvumela ukuba ezinye izinkolo zenziwe ngokuthula abantu baseMalaysia okungewona amaMalay, okungamaShayina namaNdiya. Kodwa-ke, umthetho wamaSulumane olawula imishado yamaSulumane eMalaysia ugunyaze ukuthi abangewona amaSulumane kumele baguqukele ku-Islam uma befisa ukushada namaSulumane. Kuleli phepha, ngiphikisa ukuthi umthetho wokuguqulwa kwamaSulumane usetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuqinisa imizwa yobuzwe baseMalay eMalaysia. Idatha yokuqala yaqoqwa ngokusekelwe ezingxoxweni namaSulumane aseMalay ashade nabangewona amaMalay. Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi iningi labantu okwaxoxwa nabo baseMalay babheka ukuguqukela ku-Islam njengokubalulekile njengoba kudingwa yinkolo yamaSulumane nomthetho wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi abasiboni isizathu sokuthi kungani abantu abangewona amaMalay bengafuni ukuguqukela enkolweni yobuSulumane, njengoba ngesikhathi somshado, izingane zizothathwa ngokuzenzakalelayo njengamaMalay njengokusho koMthethosisekelo, nawo oza nesimo namalungelo. Imibono yabangewona amaMalay abaguqukele ku-Islam yayisekelwe ezingxoxweni zesibili eziye zenziwa ezinye izazi. Njengoba ukuba umSulumane kuhlotshaniswa nokuba umMalay, abantu abaningi abangewona amaMalay abaguqukile bazizwa bephucwe umuzwa wabo wenkolo nobuzwe, futhi bazizwa becindezelwa ukuba bamukele isiko lamaMalay. Nakuba ukushintsha umthetho wokuguqulwa kungase kube nzima, izingxoxo ezivulekile zokuhlangana kwezinkolo ezikoleni nasezimbonini zomphakathi kungase kube isinyathelo sokuqala sokubhekana nale nkinga.

Ungahlukıselana
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