Inkolo Nokungqubuzana Emhlabeni Wonke: Ingabe Likhona Ikhambi?

Inkolo Nokungqubuzana Emhlabeni Wonke: Ingabe Likhona Ikhambi? ku-ICERM Radio yasakazwa ngoLwesine, Septhemba 15, 2016 @ 2 PM Eastern Time (New York).

I-ICERM Lecture Series

Theme: "Inkolo Nokungqubuzana Emhlabeni Wonke: Ingabe Likhona Ikhambi?"

Umfundisi Oyisivakashi: Peter Ochs, Ph.D., Edgar Bronfman Professor of Modern Judaic Studies eNyuvesi yaseVirginia; kanye Nomsunguli Wenhlangano (ye-Abrahamic) Yezingxoxo ZemiBhalo kanye Nesivumelwano Somhlaba Wonke Sezenkolo (i-NGO ezinikele ekubandakanyeni izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ezenkolo, nezinhlaka zomphakathi ngezindlela ezibanzi zokunciphisa izingxabano ezinodlame ezihlobene nenkolo).

Isiqubulo:

Izihloko zezindaba zakamuva zibonakala zinikeza abantu bezwe isibindi esengeziwe sokuthi “Sinitshelile!” Ingabe inkolo ngokwayo iyingozi ngempela esintwini? Noma ingabe kuthathe isikhathi eside osopolitiki basentshonalanga ukuthi babone ukuthi amaqembu enkolo abenzi njengamanye amaqembu omphakathi: ukuthi kunezinsiza zenkolo zokuthula kanye nezingxabano, ukuthi kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile ukuqonda izinkolo, nokuthi imifelandawonye emisha kahulumeni kanye abaholi bezenkolo nezinhlaka zomphakathi bayadingeka ukuze baxhumane namaqembu ezenkolo ngezikhathi zokuthula kanye nezingxabano. Lesi Sifundo sethula umsebenzi "we-Global Covenant of Religions, Inc.," i-NGO entsha ezinikele ekusebenziseni izinsiza zezenkolo kanye nezikahulumeni nezinhlaka zomphakathi ukunciphisa udlame oluhlobene nenkolo….

Uhlaka Lwenkulumo

Isingeniso: Ucwaningo lwamuva lusikisela ukuthi inkolo ngempela iyisici esibalulekile ezimpini zezikhali emhlabeni wonke. Ngizokhuluma nawe ngokuzwakalayo. Ngizobuza ukuthi yini ebonakala sengathi imibuzo emi-2 engenakwenzeka? Futhi ngizothi ngiyabaphendula: (a) Ingabe inkolo ngokwayo iyingozi ngempela esintwini? NGIZOphendula Yebo kunjalo. (b) Kodwa ingabe likhona ikhambi lobudlova obuhlobene nenkolo? NGIZOphendula Yebo likhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngizoba ne-chutzpah eyanele yokucabanga ukuthi ngingakutshela ukuthi siyini isisombululo.

Inkulumo yami ihlelwe yaba yizimangalo eziyisi-6 ezinkulu.

Umangalo #1:  INKOLO ibilokhu IYINGOZI ngoba ngokwesiko inkolo ngayinye inendlela yokunika umuntu ngamunye ukufinyelela okuqondile ezimisweni ezijulile zomphakathi othile. Uma ngisho lokhu, ngisebenzisa igama elithi “izindinganiso” ukuze ngibhekisele ezindleleni zokufinyelela ngokuqondile emithethweni yokuziphatha neyobunikazi kanye nobudlelwano obubamba umphakathi ndawonye — futhi lokho kubophezela amalungu omphakathi komunye nomunye..

Umangalo #2: Isimangalo sami sesibili ukuthi INKOLO IYINGOZI KAKHULU MANJE, NAMUHLA

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani, kodwa ngikholelwa ukuthi isizathu esinamandla nesijulile ukuthi impucuko yaseNtshonalanga yanamuhla iye yazama kanzima amakhulu eminyaka ukuhlehlisa amandla ezinkolo ezimpilweni zethu.

Kodwa kungani imizamo yanamuhla yokwenza inkolo ibe buthaka ingenza inkolo ibe yingozi kakhulu? Okuphambene kufanele kube njalo! Nansi impendulo yami eyizinyathelo ezi-5:

• Inkolo ayizange iphele.
• Kube nokuchithwa kwamandla obuchopho namandla amasiko kude nezinkolo ezinkulu zaseNtshonalanga, ngakho-ke kude nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kwemithombo ejulile yokubaluleka okusalele lapho ngokuvamile enganakiwe ezisekelweni zempucuko yaseNtshonalanga.
• Lokho kuqothulwa akwenzekanga eNtshonalanga kuphela kodwa nasezizweni zeZwe Lesithathu ezabuswa imibuso yaseNtshonalanga iminyaka engu-300.
• Ngemva kweminyaka engu-300 yobukoloniyali, inkolo isalokhu inamandla othandweni lwabalandeli bayo kokubili eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, kodwa inkolo nayo ayithuthukisiwe emakhulwini eminyaka okuphazamiseka kwemfundo, ukucwengwa, nokunakekelwa.  
• Isiphetho sami siwukuthi, lapho imfundo yezenkolo nokufunda nokufundisa kungathuthukisiwe futhi kungalungisiwe, khona-ke izindinganiso zomphakathi ezikhuliswa ngokwesiko yizinkolo azithuthukisiwe futhi aziqiniseki futhi amalungu amaqembu enkolo aziphatha kabi lapho ebhekene nezinselele ezintsha noshintsho.

Umangalo #3: Isimangalo sami sesithathu siphathelene nokuthi kungani imibuso emikhulu yomhlaba yehlulekile ukuxazulula izimpi ezihlobene nenkolo nezingxabano ezinobudlova. Nazi izingcezu ezintathu zobufakazi mayelana nalokhu kwehluleka.

• Umphakathi wezindaba zangaphandle waseNtshonalanga, okuhlanganisa neZizwe Ezihlangene, muva nje uphawule ngokusemthethweni ukwanda komhlaba wonke kwezingxabano ezinodlame ezihlobene nenkolo.
• Ukuhlaziya okunikezwa uJerry White, owayeyiPhini LikaNobhala Womsizi Wezwe owayengamele Ihhovisi elisha Lomnyango Wezwe elaligxile ekunciphiseni izingxabano, ikakhulukazi lapho lihilela izinkolo:...Uphikisa ngokuthi, ngoxhaso lwalezi zikhungo, izinkulungwane zama-ejensi. manje yenza umsebenzi omuhle ensimini, unakekele izisulu zezingxabano ezihlobene nenkolo futhi, kwezinye izimo, uxoxisane ngokuncishiswa kwamazinga obudlova obuhlobene nenkolo. Uyanezela, nokho, ukuthi lezi zikhungo azibanga nampumelelo ekunqandeni noma yiliphi icala elilodwa lengxabano eqhubekayo ehlobene nenkolo.
• Naphezu kokuncipha kwamandla ombuso ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, ohulumeni abakhulu baseNtshonalanga basalokhu bengamanxusa anamandla okusabela ezingxabanweni emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa abaholi benqubomgomo yezangaphandle, abacwaningi nama-ejenti kanye nabo bonke lab’ ohulumeni bathole ifa lokucabanga osekungamakhulu eminyaka ukuthi ukutadisha ngokucophelela izinkolo nemiphakathi yezenkolo akulona ithuluzi elidingekayo lokucwaninga inqubomgomo yangaphandle, ukwenziwa kwenqubomgomo, noma ukuxoxisana.

Umangalo #4: Isimangalo sami sesine ukuthi Isixazululo sidinga umqondo omusha wokwakha ukuthula. Lo mqondo “umusha kancane,” ngoba uvamile emiphakathini eminingi yesintu, futhi ngaphakathi kwabaningi abengeziwe noma yiliphi iqembu lezenkolo nezinye izinhlobo zamaqembu endabuko. Noma kunjalo “kusha,” ngoba ongqondongqondo besimanje bathambekele ekuhlubuleni lokhu kuhlakanipha okujwayelekile ukuze basebenzise izimiso ezimbalwa ezingacacile eziwusizo, kodwa kuphela lapho zibunjwe kabusha ukuze zivumelane nomongo ngamunye ohlukile wokwakha ukuthula okuphathekayo. Ngokwalo mqondo omusha:

• Asifundisi “inkolo” ngendlela evamile njengohlobo oluvamile lwesipiliyoni somuntu….Sifunda indlela amaqembu ngamanye ahililekile aqhuba ngayo inhlobo yawo yendawo yenkolo ethile. Lokhu sikwenza ngokulalela amalungu ala maqembu echaza izinkolo zawo ngendlela yawo.
• Esikushoyo ngocwaningo lwenkolo akukhona nje ukufunda ngezindinganiso ezijulile zeqembu elithile lendawo; futhi kuwucwaningo lwendlela lezo zimiso eziyisisekelo ezihlanganisa ngayo ukuziphatha kwazo kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe, nokwezenhlalo. Yilokho okwakushoda ekuhlaziyeni ipolitiki yokungqubuzana kuze kube manje: ukunaka izindinganiso ezihlanganisa zonke izici zomsebenzi weqembu, nalokho esikubiza ngokuthi “inkolo” kubhekisela ezilimini nasezinkambisweni lapho iningi lamaqembu angewona aseNtshonalanga edidiyela ngawo. amanani.

Umangalo #5: Isimangalo sami sesihlanu sisonke ukuthi uhlelo lwenhlangano entsha yamazwe ngamazwe, "Isivumelwano Somhlaba Wonke Sezinkolo," sibonisa indlela abakhi bokuthula abangasebenzisa ngayo lo mqondo omusha ekuklameni nasekusebenziseni izinqubomgomo namasu okuxazulula izingxabano ezihlobene nenkolo emhlabeni jikelele. Imigomo yocwaningo ye-GCR ikhonjiswa ngemizamo yocwaningo olusha eNyuvesi yaseVirginia: Inkolo, Ipolitiki, Nokungqubuzana (I-RPC). I-RPC idonsa kulezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo:

• Izifundo zokuqhathanisa ziwukuphela kwendlela yokubuka amaphethini okuziphatha kwezenkolo. Ukuhlaziya okuqondene nesiyalo, ngokwesibonelo kwezomnotho noma kwezepolitiki noma ezifundweni zezenkolo, aziwatholi amaphethini anjalo. Kodwa, sithole ukuthi, uma siqhathanisa imiphumela yokuhlaziywa okunjalo ngokuhambisana, singathola izehlakalo eziqondene nenkolo ezingazange zivele kunoma yimiphi imibiko ngayinye noma amasethi edatha.
• Cishe konke kumayelana nolimi. Ulimi akuwona nje umthombo wezincazelo. Kubuye kube umthombo wokuziphatha komphakathi noma ukusebenza. Umsebenzi wethu omningi ugxile ekucwaningeni ngezilimi kwamaqembu ahilelekile ezingxabanweni eziphathelene nenkolo.
• Izinkolo Zomdabu: Izinsiza ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokuhlonza nokulungisa ukungqubuzana okuhlobene nenkolo kufanele kuthathwe emaqenjini enkolo yomdabu ayingxenye yokungqubuzana.
• Inkolo Nesayensi Yedatha: Ingxenye yohlelo lwethu lokucwaninga iwukubala. Abanye bochwepheshe, ngokwesibonelo, kwezomnotho nakwezepolitiki, basebenzisa amathuluzi wokubala ukuze bakhombe izifunda zabo zolwazi. Sidinga nosizo lososayensi bedatha ukuze sakhe amamodeli ethu achazayo.  
• Izifundo Zenani le-“Hearth-to-Hearth”: Ngokumelene nokucatshangelwa Kokukhanya, izinsiza eziqine kakhulu zokulungisa ukungqubuzana kwezinkolo azikho ngaphandle, kodwa ekujuleni kwemithombo yomlomo nebhaliwe ehlonishwa iqembu ngalinye lenkolo: lokho esikubiza ngokuthi “izwe” lapho amalungu eqembu abuthana khona.

Umangalo #6: Isimangalo sami sesithupha nesokugcina ukuthi sinobufakazi obukhona bokuthi izifundo zenani le-Hearth-to-Hearth zingasebenza ngempela ukudonsela amalungu amaqembu aphikisayo ezingxoxweni ezijulile nasekuxoxisaneni. Omunye umfanekiso usekelwe emiphumeleni ethi “Ukubonisana NgemiBhalo”: oneminyaka engu-25. umzamo wokuheha amaSulumane, amaJuda, namaKrestu enkolo kakhulu (kanye namalungu asanda kuhlanganyela ezinkolo zase-Asia), ekutadisheni okwabiwe ngemibhalo namasiko abo ahluke kakhulu.

UDkt. Peter Ochs unguSolwazi ka-Edgar Bronfman we-Modern Judaic Studies eNyuvesi yaseVirginia, lapho aphinde aqondise khona izinhlelo zeziqu zezifundo zezenkolo ku-“Scripture, Interpretation, and Practice,” indlela ehlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene emasikweni ka-Abrahama. Ungumsunguli we-(Abrahamic) Society for Scriptural Reasoning kanye ne-Global Covenant of Religions (i-NGO ezinikele ekubandakanyeni izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ezenkolo, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ngezindlela ezibanzi zokunciphisa izingxabano ezinodlame ezihlobene nenkolo). Uqondisa iNyuvesi yaseVirginia Research Initiative in Religion, Politics, and Conflict. Phakathi kwezincwadi zakhe kukhona izindatshana nezibuyekezo ezingu-200, ezindaweni zeNkolo nokungqubuzana, ifilosofi yamaJuda nemfundiso yenkolo, ifilosofi yaseMelika, kanye nengxoxo yezenkolo yobuJuda-Christian-Muslim. Izincwadi zakhe eziningi zihlanganisa Enye iNguquko: UbuKristu Bangemva Kwenkululeko kanye namaJuda; Peirce, Pragmatism kanye Logic of Scripture; I-Free Church and Israel Covenant kanye nevolumu ehleliwe, Crisis, Call and Leadership in the Abraham's Traditions.