Inkolo Nodlame: 2016 Summer Lecture Series
Inkolo Nodlame ku-ICERM Radio yasakazwa ngoMgqibelo, Julayi 30, 2016 @ 2 PM Eastern Time (New York).
2016 Summer Lecture Series
Theme: "Inkolo Nobudlova?"
Umfundisi Oyisivakashi: UKelly James Clark, Ph.D., Umlingani Omkhulu Wokucwaninga e-Kaufman Interfaith Institute e-Grand Valley State University e-Grand Rapids, MI; USolwazi e-Brooks College's Honours Programme; kanye noMbhali kanye noMhleli wezincwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili kanye noMbhali wezindatshana ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu.
Okulotshiweyo Kwesifundo
URichard Dawkins, uSam Harris kanye noMaarten Boudry bathi inkolo nenkolo iyodwa igqugquzela abashisekeli be-ISIS abafana ne-ISIS odlameni. Bathi ezinye izinto ezinjengokungavunyelwa kwezenhlalo nezomnotho, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, imindeni enezinkinga, ukucwasa nokucwasa ngokwebala. Bathi, inkolo idlala indima eyinhloko ekugqugquzeleni ubudlova obeqisayo.
Njengoba isimangalo sokuthi inkolo idlala indima encane ekhuthazayo odlameni olweqisayo sisekelwa amandla, ngicabanga ukuthi izimangalo zikaDawkins, uHarris noBoudry zokuthi inkolo nenkolo iyodwa egqugquzela i-ISIS kanye nontamolukhuni abafana ne-ISIS ukuthi babe nodlame azinalwazi ngokuyingozi.
Ake siqale ngokungenalwazi.
Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi izinkinga zase-Ireland zazingokwenkolo ngoba, uyazi, zazihilela amaProthestani ngokumelene namaKatolika. Kodwa ukunikeza izinhlangothi amagama enkolo kufihla imithombo yangempela yokungqubuzana—ubandlululo, ubumpofu, i-imperialism, ukuzimela, ubuzwe kanye nehlazo; akekho e-Ireland owayelwela izimfundiso zenkolo ezifana nokuguqulwa kwesinkwa nesokudla kukaKristu noma ukuthethelelwa (mhlawumbe abakwazanga ukuchaza ukuhlukana kwabo kwezenkolo). Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi ukubulawa kwabantu baseBosnia kwamaSulumane angaphezu kuka-40,000 kwakugqugquzelwa ukuzibophezela kobuKristu (izisulu zamaSulumane zabulawa amaSerb angamaKristu). Kodwa laba babonisi abakahle bakushaya indiva (a) ukuthi inkolelo yenkolo yangemva kobuKhomanisi yayingajulile kangakanani futhi, okubaluleke nakakhulu, (b) izimbangela eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nesigaba, umhlaba, ubuzwe, ukungavunyelwa kwezomnotho, nobuzwe.
Kulula futhi ukucabanga ukuthi amalungu e-ISIS kanye ne-al-Qaeda agqugquzelwa yinkolelo yezenkolo, kodwa…
Ukusola impatho enjalo enkolweni kwenza iphutha eliyisisekelo lokuchaza: ukufaka imbangela yokuziphatha ezintweni zangaphakathi ezifana nezici zobuntu noma izimo, kuyilapho kunciphisa noma kuziba izici zangaphandle, zesimo. Njengesibonelo: uma ngifike sekwephuzile, ngibeka ukulibala kwami ocingweni olubalulekile noma esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, kodwa uma wephuzile ngikubalula ngephutha lohlamvu (olodwa) (awunasibopho) futhi ngiziba izimbangela ezingaba nomthelela wangaphandle. . Ngakho-ke, lapho ama-Arabhu noma amaSulumane enza isenzo sodlame sikholelwa ngokushesha ukuthi kungenxa yokholo lwawo oluqinile, ngaso sonke isikhathi singanaki izimbangela ezingaba khona noma ezingaba nomthelela.
Ake sibheke ezinye izibonelo.
Kungakapheli mizuzu emingaki isibhicongo sika-Omar Mateen sokubulawa kwezitabane e-Orlando, ngaphambi kokuzwa ukuthi wathembisa ukwethembeka ku-ISIS ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, kwathiwa uyiphekula. Ukuzibophezela ku-ISIS kwavala isivumelwano kubantu abaningi - wayeyiphekula, egqugquzelwa ubuSulumane obuqinile. Uma umlungu (umKrestu) ebulala abantu abayi-10, uyahlanya. Uma umSulumane enza kanjalo, ungumphekula, ugqugquzelwa into eyodwa ncamashi - ukholo lwakhe oluqinile.
Kodwa-ke, uMateen, ngazo zonke izindlela, wayenobudlova, ethukuthele, ehlukumeza, ephazamisa, ehlukanisiwe, ecwasa ngokwebala, eMelika, eyindoda, ethanda abantu abathandanayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi wayeyi-bi-polar. Ngokufinyelela okulula kwezibhamu. Ngokusho komkakhe noyise, wayengasonti kakhulu. Izithembiso zakhe eziningi zokwethembeka emaqenjini alwayo afana ne-ISIS, i-Al Qaeda ne-Hezbollah ziphakamisa ukuthi wayazi okuncane nganoma yimiphi imibono noma imfundiso yenkolo. I-CIA ne-FBI abatholanga ukuxhumana ne-ISIS. UMateen wayengumuntu onenzondo, enobudlova, (ikakhulukazi) ongenankolo, onobungqingili owabulala abantu abangu-50 ngo-"Latin Night" eklabhu.
Nakuba ukwakheka kogqozi luka-Mateen kufiphele, kungaba yinqaba ukuphakamisa izinkolelo zakhe zenkolo (njengalezo zazinjalo) zibe sesimweni esikhethekile sokugqugquzela.
U-Mohammad Atta, umholi wokuhlaselwa kwe-9-11, ushiye inothi yokuzibulala ekhombisa ubuqotho bakhe ku-Allah:
Ngakho-ke khumbula uMvelinqangi, njengoba Esho encwadini yaKhe ukuthi: 'Oh Nkosi, thela phezu kwethu ukubekezela kwakho futhi wenze izinyawo zethu zibe qotho futhi Usinike ukunqoba kwabangakholwayo.' Futhi amazwi Akhe: 'Futhi okuwukuphela kwento ababeyisho Nkosi, thethelela izono zethu kanye nokweqisa futhi wenze izinyawo zethu ziqine futhi usinike ukunqoba kwabangakholwayo.' Futhi umprofethi waKhe wathi: 'Oh Nkosi, Wembule incwadi, Unyakazisa amafu, Wena Wasinika ukunqoba phezu kwezitha, sinqobe futhi usinike ukunqoba phezu kwazo.' Sinikeze ukunqoba futhi wenze umhlabathi unyakaze ngaphansi kwezinyawo zabo. Zikhulekele wena nabo bonke abafowenu ukuze banqobe futhi bashaye izisulu zabo futhi ucele uNkulunkulu ukuthi akuphe ukufel' ukholo ubhekene nesitha, ungakubalekeli, futhi akunikeze ukubekezela nomuzwa wokuthi noma yini eyenzekayo kuwena. ngaye.
Ngokuqinisekile kufanele simamukele u-Atta ngezwi lakhe.
Nokho u-Atta (kanye namaphekula akanye nawo) wayengavami ukuya e-mosque, aye ephathini cishe ubusuku bonke, engumuntu ophuza kakhulu, ehogela i-cocaine, futhi edla izinqamu zengulube. Kancane kancane izinto zokuzithoba kwamaSulumane. Lapho intombi yakhe ehlubukayo iqeda ubuhlobo babo, yagqekeza efulethini layo yabulala ikati layo namakati, yawaqaqa futhi yawahlinza wabe esesakaza izitho zawo zemizimba kulo lonke efulethini ukuze azithole kamuva. Lokhu kwenza inothi lika-Atta lokuzibulala libukeke njengokuphatha isithunzi kunokuvuma izono ngokuzinikela. Noma mhlawumbe kwakuyithemba elinamandla lokuthi izenzo zakhe zaziyofinyelela uhlobo oluthile lokubaluleka kwendawo yonke ukuphila kwakhe okungabalulekile ayekuntula.
Lapho uLydia Wilson, umcwaningi eSikhungweni Sokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano Ezingalawuleki eNyuvesi yase-Oxford, esanda kwenza ucwaningo lwensimu neziboshwa ze-ISIS, wabathola “bengazi ngokudabukisayo nge-Islam” futhi bengakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo “ngomthetho we-Sharia, i-jihad eyimpi, kanye ne-caliphate.” Akumangazi-ke ukuthi ngenkathi i-wannabe jihadists uYusuf Sarwar no-Mohammed Ahmed bebanjwa begibela indiza e-England iziphathimandla zatholwa emithwalweni yazo. Islam for Dummies futhi IKoran yamaDummies.
Esihlokweni esifanayo, u-Erin Saltman, umcwaningi ophezulu we-anti-extremism e-Institute for Strategic Dialogue, uthi "Ukuqashwa [kwe-ISIS] kudlala phezu kwezifiso zokuzidela, ubushoshovu, ezothando, amandla, ukuba yingxenye, kanye nokugcwaliseka ngokomoya."
Iyunithi yesayensi yokuziphatha yaseNgilandi ye-MI5, embikweni oputshuzwe ku Guardian, yembula ukuthi, “kunokuba babe abashisekeli benkolo, inani elikhulu lalabo abahileleke ebuphekula alikwenzi lokho elikushoyo njalo. Abaningi abakwazi ukufunda ngenkolo futhi bangakwazi . . . kubhekwe njengezifundiswa zenkolo.” Ngempela, lo mbiko waphikisa, “inkolo esungulwe kahle ivikela ubandlululo olunobudlova.”
Kungani i-MI5 yaseNgilandi ingacabanga ukuthi inkolo ayinayo nhlobo indima ekweqiseni?
Ayikho iphrofayili eyodwa, esekelwe kahle yamaphekula. Abanye bampofu, abanye abampofu. Abanye abasebenzi, abanye abasebenzi. Abanye abafundile, abanye abafundile. Abanye bahlukene ngokwesiko, abanye abakho.
Noma kunjalo, lezi zinhlobo zezici zangaphandle, nakuba zingadingeki noma zanele ngokuhlanganyela, do nomthelela ekwenzeni i-radicalization kwabanye abantu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umuntu ngamunye oweqisayo unephrofayili yakhe ehlukile yezenhlalo nezengqondo (okwenza ukukhonjwa kwabo kucishe kungenzeki).
Ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika, ngezinga eliphezulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwabaneminyaka eyi-18 kuya kwengama-34, i-ISIS iqondise kwabangasebenzi nabampofu; I-ISIS inikeza isheke eliqinile, umsebenzi onenjongo, ukudla kwemindeni yabo, kanye nethuba lokuphindisela kulabo ababhekwa njengabacindezeli bezomnotho. ESyria abaqashiwe abaningi bajoyina i-ISIS ukuze baketule umbuso ononya ka-Assad; izigebengu ezikhululiwe zithola i-ISIS indawo ekahle yokucasha ezintweni ezidlule. Abantu basePalestine bagqugquzelwa ukwehliswa kobuntu bokuphila njengezakhamuzi ezincishwe amandla ezisezingeni lesibili ezweni lobandlululo.
EYurophu naseMelika, lapho iningi lababuthwayo kuyizinsizwa ezifundile nezisezingeni eliphakathi, ukuzihlukanisa ngokwesiko kuyisici sokuqala ekuqhubekiseni amaSulumane ekubeni abeqisayo. AmaSulumane asemasha, ahlukanisiwe akhangwa imithombo yezindaba ehlakaniphile enikeza uhambo nenkazimulo ezimpilweni zabo eziyisicefe nezicwaswayo. AmaSulumane aseJalimane akhuthazwa yi-adventure kanye nokuhlukaniswa.
Sezadlula isikhathi eside izinsuku zokulalela izintshumayelo eziyisicefe neziyisicefe zika-Osama bin Laden. Abaqashi be-ISIS abanekhono eliphezulu basebenzisa inkundla yezokuxhumana kanye nokuxhumana nomuntu siqu (nge-inthanethi) ukuze bakhe izibopho zomuntu siqu nezomphakathi zamaSulumane ahlukumezekile abese eyengeka ukuba ashiye izimpilo zawo ezivamile nezingenanjongo futhi alwe ndawonye ngenjongo enhle. Okusho ukuthi, bagqugquzelwa umuzwa wokuba ngabangane kanye nokufuna ukubaluleka komuntu.
Umuntu angase acabange ukuthi amaphupho ezintombi ezisashona ngemva kokufa abangela ubudlova ikakhulukazi. Kodwa ngokuya ngokunye okuhle okukhulu, cishe noma yimuphi umbono uzokwenza. Ngempela, imibono engeyona eyenkolo ekhulwini lama-20 yabangela ukuhlupheka nokufa okukhulu kunabo bonke ubudlova obushukunyiswa inkolo emlandweni wesintu buhlangene. IJalimane ka-Adolf Hitler yabulala abantu abangenacala abangaphezu kuka-10,000,000, kuyilapho i-WWII yabona ukufa kwabantu abangu-60,000,000 (nokufa okuningi okubangelwa izifo ezihlobene nempi nendlala). Ukuhlanzwa kanye nendlala ngaphansi kombuso kaJoseph Stalin kwabulala izigidi. Izilinganiso zokushona kuka-Mao Zedong zisukela ku-40,000,000-80,000,000. Ukusolwa kwamanje kwenkolo akusinaki isibalo esimangalisayo sokufa kwemibono yezwe.
Uma abantu sebezizwa sengathi bayingxenye yeqembu, bazokwenza noma yini, baze benze isihluku, kubafowabo nodadewabo eqenjini. Nginomngane owalwela i-US e-Iraq. Yena nabalingane bakhe bakhula bewugxeka kakhulu umsebenzi wase-US e-Iraq. Nakuba ayengasazinikele ngokwemibono yakhe emigomweni yase-US, wangitshela ukuthi wayengenza noma yini, wadela ngisho nokuphila kwakhe, ngenxa yamalungu eqembu lakhe. Lokhu okuguquguqukayo kuyanda uma umuntu ekwazi veza nabo futhi balulaze labo abangekho eqenjini lomuntu.
Isazi sesayensi yemvelaphi yabantu uScott Atran, oye wakhuluma namaphekula amaningi nemikhaya yawo kunanoma yisiphi isazi saseNtshonalanga, sivuma. Ebufakazini esigungwini sesigele saseMelika ngo-2010, wathi, "Okugqugquzela amaphekula abulala kakhulu emhlabeni namuhla akuyona i-Qur'an noma izimfundiso zenkolo njengesizathu esijabulisayo nesibizela esenzweni esithembisa inkazimulo nokuhlonishwa phambi kwabangane. , futhi ngabangane, inhlonipho nenkumbulo yaphakade emhlabeni wonke.” Uthe iJihad “iyajabulisa, iyakhazimula futhi ipholile.”
UHarvey Whitehouse ka-Oxford uqondise ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lezazi ezivelele ngezisusa zokuzidela okwedlulele. Bathole ukuthi ukweqisa okunobudlova akukhuthazwa inkolo, kugqugquzelwa ukuxubana neqembu.
Ayikho iphrofayili engokwengqondo yephekula lanamuhla. Abahlanyi, bavamise ukuthi bafundile futhi abaningi baphila kahle uma kuqhathaniswa. Bashukunyiswa, njengentsha eningi, umuzwa wokuba nengxenye, isifiso sokuphila okujabulisayo nokunenjongo, nokuzinikela emsebenzini ophakeme. Imibono eyeqisayo, nakuba ingeyona into, ngokuvamile iphansi ohlwini lwezisusa.
Ngathi ukusho ukuthi ubudlova obeqisayo ikakhulukazi bubangelwa inkolo akunalwazi. Ngibonisile ukuthi kungani isimangalo singenalwazi. Iya engxenyeni eyingozi.
Ukuqhubekisela phambili inganekwane yokuthi inkolo iyimbangela eyinhloko yobuphekula idlala ezandleni ze-ISIS futhi ivimbela ukuqashelwa kwesibopho sethu sokudala izimo ze-ISIS.
Incwadi yokudlala ye-ISIS, ngokuthakazelisayo, akuyona i-Quran, kunjalo Ukuphathwa Kwezonya (Umnyango at-Tawahoush). Isu lesikhathi eside le-ISIS liwukudala isiphithiphithi esingaba ngcono ukuzithoba ku-ISIS kunokuhlala ngaphansi kwezimo zempi ezinonya. Ukuheha abantu abasha ku-ISIS, bafuna ukuqeda "i-Gray Zone" phakathi kwekholwa leqiniso kanye nongakholwayo (lapho amaSulumane amaningi azithola khona) ngokusebenzisa "ukuhlasela kwamaphekula" ukusiza amaSulumane abone ukuthi abangewona amaSulumane bayazonda amaSulumane futhi bafuna ukulimaza amaSulumane.
Uma amaSulumane alinganiselayo ezizwa ehlukanisiwe futhi engaphephile ngenxa yobandlululo, azophoqeleka ukuba akhethe ukuhlubuka (ubumnyama) noma i-jihad (ukukhanya).
Labo abakholelwa ukuthi inkolo ingumgqugquzeli oyinhloko noma obaluleke kakhulu wabashisekeli, bayasiza ekukhipheni indawo empunga. Ngokufaka i-Islam nge-brush eyeqisayo, baqhubekisela phambili inkolelo-ze yokuthi i-Islam iyinkolo enobudlova nokuthi amaSulumane anobudlova. Ukulandisa okuyiphutha kuka-Boudry kuqinisa ukuvezwa kwabezindaba zaseNtshonalanga ikakhulukazi okungekuhle kwamaSulumane njengodlame, abashiseka ngokweqile, abanobandlululo, nabashokobezi (ngokuziba u-99.999% wamaSulumane angewona). Bese sidlulela ku-Islamophobia.
Kunzima kakhulu kubantu baseNtshonalanga ukuhlukanisa ukuqonda kwabo kanye nokuzonda i-ISIS nabanye abashisekeli ngaphandle kokushelela ku-Islamophobia. Futhi ukwanda kwe-Islamophobia, i-ISIS inethemba, izoheha amaSulumane asemancane aphume ebumpunga futhi alwe.
Iningi lamaSulumane, kufanele kuqashelwe, lithola i-ISIS namanye amaqembu ashibhile enonya, ecindezela futhi enonya.
Bakholelwa ukuthi ukweqisa okunobudlova kuwukuhlanekezelwa kobuSulumane (njengoba i-KKK neWestboro Baptist kuwukuhlanekezelwa kobuKristu). Bacaphuna i-Quran ethi kukhona akukho ukuphoqelelwa ezindabeni zenkolo (Al-Baqara: 256). Ngokusho kwe-Qur'an, impi iwukuzivikela kuphela (Al-Baqarah: 190) futhi amaSulumane ayalwa ukuthi angafaki impi (Al-Hajj: 39). U-Abu-Bakr, iKhalifa lokuqala emva kokufa koMprofethi uMuhammad, wanikeza leziyalezo ngempi (yokuzivikela): “Ungakhapheli noma ube nenkohliso noma uziphindiselele. Ungasindisi. Ningazibulali izingane, abadala noma abesifazane. Ungagawuli noma ushise amasundu noma izihlahla ezithelayo. Ungahlabi imvu, inkomo noma ikamela ngaphandle kokudla kwakho. Futhi uzohlangana nabantu abavaleleke ekukhonzeni ezindaweni zabo, bashiye bodwa kulokho abazinikele kukho. Uma kubhekwa lesi sizinda, i-extremism enodlame ibonakala iphendukezelwa yi-Islam.
Abaholi bamaSulumane basempini eqinile yokulwa nemibono eyeqisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2001, izinkulungwane zabaholi bamaSulumane emhlabeni wonke ngokushesha wakugxeka ukuhlasela kwe-Al Qaeda e-US. NgoSepthemba 14, 2001, cishe abaholi bamaSulumane abangamashumi amahlanu basayina futhi basabalalisa lesi sitatimende: “Abaholi abasayiniwe ngezansi, abaholi bezinhlangano zamaSulumane, bathuswa izehlakalo zangoLwesibili zi-11 September 2001 e-United States eziholele ekubulaweni okukhulu, ukucekelwa phansi kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezimpilo ezingenacala. Sizwakalisa ukuzwelana kwethu okukhulu nosizi. Siyazigxeka, ngamazwi aqinile, izehlakalo, eziphikisana nayo yonke imikhuba yabantu neyamaSulumane. Lokhu kusekelwe emithethweni Ehloniphekile YamaSulumane evimbela zonke izinhlobo zokuhlaselwa kwabangenacala. UNkulunkulu uSomandla uthi kwiKur’an eNgcwele: ‘Akekho othwala imithwalo ongathwala omunye umthwalo’ (Surah al-Isra 17:15).”
Okokugcina, ngicabanga ukuthi kuyingozi ukukhomba inkolo eyeqisayo nokungazinaki izimo zangaphandle, ngoba kwenza kube nokweqisa. zabo inkinga uma nayo yethu inkinga. Uma i-extremism igqugquzelwa ngu zabo inkolo, ke they banesibopho ngokuphelele (futhi they udinga ukushintsha). Kodwa uma ukweqisa kugqugquzelwa ekuphenduleni izimo zangaphandle, khona-ke labo abanesibopho salezo zimo banesibopho (futhi badinga ukusebenzela ukuguqula lezo zimo). NjengoJames Gilligan, ku Ukuvimbela Udlame, uyabhala: “Asikwazi ngisho nokuqala ukuvimbela ubudlova kuze kube yilapho sesivuma lokho thina ngokwethu esikwenzayo okunengxenye kubo, ngenkuthalo noma ngokungenzi lutho.”
Amazwe aseNtshonalanga abe nesandla kanjani ezimweni ezikhuthaza ukweqisa okunobudlova? Okokuqala, siketule uMongameli okhethwe ngokwentando yeningi e-Iran futhi safaka u-Shah ocindezelayo (ukuthola kabusha ukufinyelela kuwoyela oshibhile). Ngemva kokuhlukana koMbuso Wase-Ottoman, sahlukanisa iMpumalanga Ephakathi ngokwenzuzo yethu yezomnotho kanye nokudelela umqondo omuhle wamasiko. Sekungamashumi eminyaka sithenga uwoyela oshibhile eSaudi Arabia, inzuzo yawo eye yabhebhethekisa iWahhabism, izimpande zemibono ye-Islamic extremism. Sithuntubeze i-Iraq ngokuzenzisa okungamanga okwaholela ekufeni kwamakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abangenacala. Sahlukumeza ama-Arabhu ngokudelela umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nesithunzi somuntu esiyisisekelo, futhi siye sagcina ama-Arabhu esiwaziyo ukuthi angenacala eboshiwe ngaphandle kwecala noma usizo olungokomthetho eGuantanamo. Ama-drones ethu abulale inqwaba yabantu abangenacala futhi ukubhuza kwabo njalo esibhakabhakeni kuhlupha izingane nge-PTSD. Futhi ukwesekwa okuhlangene kwe-US kwe-Israel kuqhubekisela phambili ukungabi nabulungiswa kwabasePalestine.
Ngamafuphi, ukuhlazeka kwethu, ukululazeka kanye nokulimala kwethu kwama-Arabhu kudale izimo ezikhuthaza izimpendulo ezinodlame.
Uma kubhekwa ukungalingani okukhulu kwamandla, amandla abuthaka ayaphoqeleka ukuthi asebenzise amaqhinga e-guerilla kanye nokuqhuma kwamabhomu ngokuzibulala.
Inkinga akuyona nje eyabo. Kunjalo futhi athwale. Ubulungisa bufuna ukuthi siyeke ukubeka icala kubo ngokuphelele futhi sithwale isibopho ngeminikelo yethu ezimeni ezibangela ukwesaba. Ngaphandle kokubheka izimo ezivumela ubuphekula, ngeke buphele. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kukhaphethi ikakhulukazi izakhamizi lapho i-ISIS ecashe khona kuzomane kubhebhethekise lezi zimo.
Njengoba udlame oluyingozi lugqugquzelwa inkolo, ugqozi lwenkolo ludinga ukuphikiswa. Ngiyayisekela imizamo yezingxenye zabaholi bamaSulumane yokujova amaSulumane asemasha ngokumelene nokuhlanganyela kwe-Islam yeqiniso ngabashisekeli.
Ukuphikelela kokugqugquzelwa kwezenkolo akusekelwe ngokwamandla. Isakhiwo sokugqugquzela sabashisekeli siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thina bantu baseNtshonalanga siye sanikela ngezimo ezikhuthaza ukweqisa. Kudingeka sisebenze kanzima kanye nabafowethu nodadewethu abangamaSulumane ukuze sakhe izimo zobulungisa, ukulingana nokuthula.
Ngisho noma izimo ezibangela ukweqisa zingalungiswa, amanye amakholwa eqiniso cishe azoqhubeka nomshikashika wawo wobudlova wokudala ubukhosi. Kodwa iqoqo labo lababuthwa liyobe selishile.
Kelly James Clark, Ph.D. (I-University of Notre Dame) unguprofesa oHlelweni Lokuhlonipha e-Brooks College kanye no-Senior Research Fellow e-Kaufman Interfaith Institute e-Grand Valley State University e-Grand Rapids, MI. U-Kelly ubambe izikhathi zokuvakasha e-Oxford University, eNyuvesi yase-St. Andrews nase-University of Notre Dame. Uke waba nguSolwazi Wefilosofi eGordon College naseCalvin College. Usebenza kufilosofi yenkolo, ukuziphatha, isayensi nenkolo, kanye nomcabango namasiko aseShayina.
Ungumbhali, umhleli, noma omunye umbhali wezincwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili kanye nombhali wezindatshana ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu. Izincwadi zakhe zihlanganisa Izingane Zika-Abrahama: Inkululeko Nokubekezela Enkathini Yokungqubuzana Kwezenkolo; Inkolo kanye Nesayensi Yemvelaphi, Buyela Kusizathu, Indaba Yokuziphatha, Lapho Ukukholwa Akwanele, futhi 101 Imigomo Yefilosofi Ebalulekile Yokubaluleka Kwayo Kwezenkolo. EkaKelly Izazi Zefilosofi Ezikholwayo uvotelwe ngomunyeUbuKristu Namuhla 1995 Izincwadi Zonyaka.
Usanda kusebenza namaSulumane, amaKristu namaJuda kwezesayensi nenkolo, kanye nenkululeko yezenkolo. Ngokuhambisana nomgubho weminyaka eyishumi ka-9-11, uhlele uchungechunge, “Inkululeko Nokubekezelelana Enkathini Yokungqubuzana Kwezenkolo” eGeorgetown University.
