Isitatimende Sesikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokulamula Kwenkolo Eseshini yama-63 yeKhomishana Yezizwe Ezihlangene mayelana Nesimo Sabesifazane.
Akumangalisi ukuthi i-United States ayiyona ingxenye yeNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yokuqeda Zonke Izinhlobo Zokucwasa Kwabesifazane (“CEDAW”). Abesifazane e-US basesengozini enkulu kunamadoda:
- Ukungabi nakhaya ngenxa yodlame lwasekhaya
- Ubumpofu
- Ukuqashwa emisebenzini ehola kancane
- Umsebenzi wokunakekela ongakhokhelwa
- Udlame ngocansi
- Imikhawulo kumalungelo okuzala
- Ukuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi emsebenzini
Ukungabi Nakhaya Ngenxa Yobudlova Basekhaya
Nakuba amadoda ase-US evame ukungabi namakhaya kunabesifazane base-US, owesifazane oyedwa kwabane abangenamakhaya e-US akanayo indawo yokukhosela ngenxa yodlame lwasekhaya. Imindeni eholwa omama abangabodwa bezinhlanga ezincane futhi enezingane okungenani ezimbili isengozini enkulu yokungabi namakhaya, ngenxa yobuhlanga, intsha, nokuntuleka kwezinsiza zezimali nezenhlalo.
Ubumpofu
Abesifazane basasengozini enkulu yobumpofu—ngisho nakwelinye lamazwe acebe kakhulu emhlabeni—ngenxa yobudlova, ukucwaswa, ukungafani kwamaholo, nokuqashwa okuphezulu emisebenzini eholela kancane noma ukubamba iqhaza emsebenzini wokunakekela izingane ongakhokhelwa. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla kwabesifazane abambalwa abasengozini enkulu. Ngokusho kwe-American Civil Liberties Union, abesifazane abamnyama bahola u-64% wemiholo etholwa amadoda amhlophe, kanti abesifazane baseSpanishi bahola u-54%.
Ukuqashwa Emisebenzini Ehola Kancane
Nakuba uMthetho Wokukhokhelwa Okulinganayo ka-1963 usize ukwehlisa igebe lamaholo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane e-US lisuka ku-62% ngo-1979 laya ku-80% ngo-2004, i-Institute for Women's Policy Research ikhombisa ukuthi asilindele ukulingana kwamaholo—kwabesifazane abamhlophe—kuze kube yilapho. 2058. Azikho izilinganiso ezicacile zabesifazane abambalwa.
Umsebenzi Wokunakekela Ongakhokhelwa
Ngokusho kweWorld Bank Group Abesifazane, Amabhizinisi kanye Nomthetho 2018 umbiko, iminotho yomhlaba eyisikhombisa kuphela eyehlulekayo ukuhlinzeka ngekhefu lokuyoteta elikhokhelwayo. I-United States ingenye yazo. Amazwe, afana ne-New York, ahlinzeka Ngekhefu Lomndeni Elikhokhelwayo elingasetshenziswa amadoda nabesifazane, kodwa i-NY isembalwa ezifundazweni ezihlinzeka ngaleli khefu elikhokhelwayo. Lokhu kushiya abesifazane abaningi besengozini yokuhlukunyezwa ngokwezimali, kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, nangokocansi.
Ubudlova ngokocansi
Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabesifazane base-US izisulu zodlame locansi. Abesifazane abasembuthweni waseMelika banamathuba amaningi okudlwengulwa ngamasosha wesilisa kunokubulawa empini.
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezine abake babhekana nodlame locansi oluvela kubalingani abasondelene nabo, nokho iMissouri isavumela abadlwenguli abasemthethweni kanye nabanukubeza ngokocansi ukuthi bagweme ukugwetshwa uma beshada izisulu zabo. IFlorida iguqule umthetho wayo ofanayo ekuqaleni kukaMashi 2018, futhi i-Arkansas yaphasisa umthetho ngonyaka odlule ovumela abadlwenguli ukuthi bamangalele izisulu zabo, uma izisulu zifisa ukuhushula ukukhulelwa okubangelwe yilabu bugebengu.
Imikhawulo Yamalungelo Enzalo
Izibalo ezishicilelwe yiGuttmacher Institute zikhomba ukuthi cishe u-60% wabesifazane abafuna ukuhushula izisu sebengomama. I-United Nations Committee Against Torture iyasibona isidingo sokuvimbela inzalo nokukhishwa kwezisu okuphephile ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo abantu besifazane, nokho i-US isaqhubeka nokunqamula izinhlelo emhlabeni wonke ezinikeza abesifazane inkululeko yokuzala efanayo naleyo ejatshulelwa amadoda.
Ukuhlukunnyezwa ngokobulili
Abesifazane nabo basengozini enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa ngokocansi emsebenzini. E-US, ukuhlukumeza ngokocansi akulona icala futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kujeziselwa umphakathi. Kuphela lapho ukuhlukumeza kuba ukushaya lapho kubonakala sengathi kunezinyathelo ezithathwayo. Noma kunjalo, uhlelo lwethu lusavame ukufaka isisulu enkantolo futhi luvikele abenzi bobubi. Amacala akamuva ahilela u-Brock Turner no-Harvey Weinstein ashiye abesifazane base-US befuna “izindawo eziphephile” ezingenabantu besilisa, okuzonciphisa amathuba ezomnotho kuphela—futhi okungenzeka kubangele izimangalo zokucwaswa.
Bheka Phambili
I-International Centre for Ethno-Religious Mediation (ICERM) izibophezele ekusekeleni ukuthula okuqhubekayo emazweni emhlabeni jikelele, futhi lokho ngeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwabesifazane. Asikwazi ukwakha ukuthula okusimeme emiphakathini lapho u-50% wabantu ukhishiwe ezikhundleni zobuholi Bezinga Eliphezulu kanye Nobubanzi obuphakathi obuthonya inqubomgomo (bona Imigomo 4, 8 & 10). Ngakho-ke, i-ICERM inikeza ukuqeqeshwa kanye nesitifiketi ku-Ethno-Religious Mediation ukuze kulungiselelwe abesifazane (nabesilisa) ubuholi obunjalo, futhi sibheke phambili ekusizeni ubudlelwano obakha izikhungo eziqinile zokwenza ukuthula (bona Imigomo 4, 5, 16 & 17). Ukuqonda ukuthi amazwe angamalungu ahlukene anezidingo ezisheshayo ezihlukene, sifuna ukuvula inkhulumomphendvulwano nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlangano ezithintekayo kuwo wonke amazinga, ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele ngokuqapha nangenhlonipho. Sisakholelwa ukuthi singaphila ngokuthula nangokuzwana, lapho siqondiswa ngekhono ukuhlonipha ubuntu bomunye nomunye. Engxoxweni, njengokulamula, singakha ndawonye izixazululo okungenzeka bezingakaze zibonakale ngaphambili.
UNance L. Schick, Esq., Ummeleli Omkhulu Wesikhungo Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuxoxisana Kwezenkolo Esendlunkulu YeZizwe Ezihlangene, eNew York.
